Congenital myopia yog hom mob myopia loj tshaj plaws, feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab thaum thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej. Pathology tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov muag txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm intrauterine tsim ntawm lub embryo. Cov kws kho mob hu ua genetic predisposition lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom kuaj pom myopia congenital kom sai li sai tau thiab pib kho kom tsim nyog.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Pathology tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam nyob rau theem ntawm intrauterine kev loj hlob, cuam tshuam rau lub pob muag. Tom qab yug me nyuam, tus kab mob pib loj hlob sai. Qhov tsis xws luag yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm lub cev. Nrog tus kab mob no, lub qhov muag yog me ntsis retracted thiab muaj oval zoo.
Raws li kws kho mob, myopia congenital myopia (raws li ICD-10 code H52.1) yog ncaj qha ntsig txog caj ces, vim nws feem ntau kis mus rau cov me nyuam los ntawm niam txiv. Yog tias tsawg kawg ib ntawm lawv tau kuaj pom tus mob myopia, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo kis tus kab mob mus rau tus menyuam yog qhov siab heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, congenital myopia ntawm ob lub qhov muag feem ntau tshwm sim vimCov kab mob yav dhau los hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub. Cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob hauv lub cev xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv los ntawm cov niam txiv thiab kws kho mob, vim tias tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua tau sai heev.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tau txais thiab hom kev hloov pauv? Qhov tseeb yog tias thawj hom kab mob tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv tib neeg lub neej, tab sis hom congenital tshwm sim txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Cov kab mob no nyuaj rau kho thiab, raws li txoj cai, kev loj hlob sai heev.
Ntau yam kab mob
Cov qib ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm myopia hauv cov menyuam yaus yog tib yam li hauv daim ntawv kis tus kabmob. Raws li hom kev kawm, pathology yog kev vam meej thiab tsis muaj kev vam meej. Feem ntau ib tug me nyuam yug los nrog ib tug high degree ntawm congenital myopia. Qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho kev tsis xws luag thiab ib daim ntawv uas tau txais, uas ua rau qeeb qeeb.
Muab rau hauv tus account qhov hnyav ntawm daim duab kho mob ntawm tus kab mob, muaj ntau ntau qib ntawm myopia:
- yam tsis muaj zog, uas tsis pom muaj teeb meem loj, mus txog peb lub diopters;
- nruab nrab ntau yam, yam ntxwv los ntawm huab cua ntawm lub lens thiab vitreous lub cev, txog rau rau diopters;
- zoo li uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob cataracts thiab txawm tias qee zaum ua tiav qhov tsis pom kev, ntau dua rau diopters.
Congenital myopia tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg:
- refractive ntau yam - axis ntawm lub qhov muag tseem nyobib txwm, tab sis lub cornea thiab lo ntsiab muag loj dua li qhov xav tau;
- hom sib xyaw - ob qhov ntsuas yog sab nraum tus qauv;
- kev sib koom ua ke - kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis yog qauv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lub ntsej muag refractive thiab lub pob muag;
- chav kawm axial - lub pob muag muaj lub ntsej muag elongated, tab sis qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo nyob hauv qhov qub.
Yog vim li cas thiaj pom
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhim kho myopia congenital nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam pw nyob rau hauv ib tug genetic predisposition. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam muaj cov txheeb ze uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv tsev neeg, ces qhov tshwm sim ntawm intrauterine myopia tsim nce ntau. Tshuaj paub ntau yam uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob:
- hypoxia lossis ntxov ntxov;
- qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov muag, lub qhov muag lossis lub qhov muag;
- ntau yam kev puas tsuaj;
- qhov muag tsis zoo;
- nce intraocular siab;
- malnutrition;
- txhua yam kab mob ntawm cov kab mob sib kis;
- ntev nyob ze ntawm lub computer lossis TV.
Symptomatics
Nrog rau kev kuaj mob ntawm "myopia", tus neeg mob pom zoo nyob ze, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb - phem, ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, cov khoom yog qhov muag plooj heev, thaum tsis muaj qhov meej meej. Lub xub ntiag ntawm myopia yog qhia los ntawm qhov muaj cov cim qhia:
- tus cwj pwm ntawm wrinkling lub hauv pliaj thiab squinting;
- tsis muaj sijhawmtshuaj xyuas cov khoom nyob deb;
- tsis xis nyob, mob qhov muag;
- blinking too much;
- xav kom nqa khoom ze koj li sai tau;
- squint feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov me nyuam muaj rau hli;
- qaug zog ntawm qhov muag pom kev.
Cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv tus menyuam tus cwj pwm kom zoo thaum twg los xij. Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg hauv nws tsev neeg muaj cov neeg kuaj mob myopia. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam ntsais muag ntau dhau, rub nws ob lub qhov muag nrog nws txhais tes, raug mob migraines, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho qhov muag lossis tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Congenital myopia tuaj yeem pib txhim kho sai sai ntawm txhua lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, kev kho mob yuav tsum tau pib ntxov li sai tau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev kuaj mob nta
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws kho mob yog txhawm rau kuaj pom tus mob myopia hauv tus menyuam sai li sai tau. Yog tias qhov teeb meem tsis raug kuaj xyuas raws sijhawm, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim hnyav dua.
Tus kws kho qhov muag ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam hauv lub tsev kho mob maternity, txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj heev los kuaj pom tus menyuam mos liab hauv tus menyuam yug tshiab thiab nws tsis tawm hauv txhua kis. Hauv cov tsev kho mob uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, muaj lub sijhawm zoo los kuaj pom kab mob txij li hnub nyoog peb hlis.
Thaum kuaj pom lig ntawm cov qib siab congenital myopia hauv cov menyuam yaus, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yuav tshwm sim txawm tias thawj xyoo ntawm lub neejQhov muag pom kev, refractive amblyopia, strabismus - tag nrho cov teeb meem no ua rau tsis pom kev thiab tsis tuaj yeem kho.
txhawm rau kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb, qhov pom kev pom tau raug txiav txim siab, nrog rau skiascopy, ophthalmoscopy thiab ultrasound ntawm lub qhov muag. Kev tshuaj xyuas nyiaj txiag rau kev paub tseeb tias myopia tau ua ib xyoos ib zaug.
Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kho mob
Kev kho mob rau qhov mob myopia ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathology. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam tsis pom kev poob qis, mus txog 0.5 diopters, tus neeg mob tsis tas yuav kho tshwj xeeb. Tab sis yuav tsum yog li ntawd, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj qhov kev kuaj mob no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog.
Txhua txoj kev kho mob yog tsom rau kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov mob myopia tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab qhov pom ntawm tus neeg mob me tsis tuaj yeem tsis zoo. Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm concomitant malformations ntawm qhov muag apparatus.
kho qhov muag
Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los kho mob me me mus rau nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw mos myopia. Tom qab kuaj pom tus kab mob no, tus kws kho mob ophthalmologist xaiv cov tshuaj kho qhov muag uas tsim nyog rau tus menyuam. Nrog rau daim ntawv me me ntawm tus kab mob, cov tshuaj no tsuas yog siv tau thaum tus menyuam yuav tsum tau saib cov khoom nyob deb, piv txwv li, thaum taug kev.
Nrog rau qib siab ntawm qhov tsis muaj myopia hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev siv cov iav tas li yog qhov tsim nyog. Lenses raug pom zoo tsuas yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua, piv txwv li, hauvlub sijhawm kawm ntawv, vim lawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li, thiab cov neeg mob me tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog qhov no.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm myopia, cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tus menyuam mob. Tsis yog txhua tus menyuam yaus nyiam hnav tsom iav, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo kho mob. Tom qab tag nrho, kev siv kho qhov muag tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm amblyopia. Thiab cov lo ntsiab muag ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm strabismus.
Drug therapy
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev kuaj pom me ntsis ntawm myopia, raws li txoj cai, tus me nyuam tau muab cov vitamin complexes uas muaj microelements pab tau rau ob lub qhov muag. Cov tshuaj uas muaj lutein yog suav tias yog nrov heev: piv txwv li, Okuvayt lossis Vitrum Vision. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug loj deterioration nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag thiab kev loj hlob ntawm congenital myopia, nicotinic acid cov khoom, piv txwv li, Trental, yog zoo.
Kom normalize intraocular siab, cov me nyuam raug pom zoo txhua yam tshuaj qhov muag, Irifrin tee feem ntau siv. Cov tshuaj muaj atropine pab cov leeg ciliary kom so thiab, ntxiv rau, tshem tawm spasm. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub qhov muag cov hlab ntsha, ophthalmologists feem ntau sau Papaverine thiab Askorutin. Cov tshuaj txo qis qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem hauv cov ntshav ntws ntawm retina.
Kev kho lub cev
Kho khoom siv kho mob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub qhov muag, tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm strabismus, astigmatism thiab lwm yam teeb meem loj. Siv los txhim kho kev pom:
- electrostimulation - pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob ntawm myopia, qee zaum rov qab cov ntsiab lus rau tus menyuam thiab txhim kho qhov muag;
- nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum - txhim kho cov ntshav khiav, ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg ciliary, ua rau kom muaj cov hydrodynamics ntawm qhov muag pom;
- infrared laser kho - txhim kho cov ntshav txaus rau lub cev pom, tshem tawm spasm thaum nyob.
Kev kho lub cev zoo nkauj kuj suav nrog kev zaws ntawm lub dab tshos, electrophoresis thiab acupuncture. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov kev kawm no tuaj yeem raug sau tshwj xeeb los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Txhawm rau kom pom qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau kawm tsawg kawg 10 zaug.
gymnastic exercises
Kev kawm lub cev rau lub qhov muag pom tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev yug me nyuam myopia. Txhua tus menyuam muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm raws li Bates txoj kev txhua hnub. Thaum ua kev kawm lub cev, nws yuav tsum ua kom koj rov qab ncaj, thaum lub taub hau yuav tsum nyob twj ywm:
- hloov pauv yuav tsum saib sab laug thiab sab xis;
- ces koj yuav tsum txav koj ob lub qhov muag counterclockwise thiab raws nws;
- kauj ruam tom ntej yog maj mam nias lub qhov muag kaw nrog koj lub ntsis ntiv tes;
- and in xaus -ntsais koj ob lub qhov muag mob siab rau.
Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj myopia, Bates txoj kev coj tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kuaj mob me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov kab mob.
Surgery
Kev phais yog deservedly suav hais tias yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los kho myopia congenital, tab sis nws tsuas yog siv rau qhov mob hnyav xwb. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kev phais:
- Scleroplasty tau pom zoo rau qhov poob sai sai ntawm qhov muag thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm pob qhov muag. Kev phais pab tiv thaiv kev ncab ntawm sclera thaum ntxiv dag zog rau sab nraub qaum ntawm retina.
- Keratotomy feem ntau yog siv rau kev mob myopia congenital. Kev ua haujlwm zoo li no suav hais tias nyuaj heev, tab sis siv tau.
Laser txoj kev kho ntawm congenital myopia tsuas yog siv thaum tus neeg mob mus txog hnub nyoog feem ntau. Kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov tsis tsim nyog.
Huab cua thiab tiv thaiv
Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem kho tus mob myopathy hauv lub cev niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus kab mob no nrog cov teeb meem thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los. Txoj kev kho no tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob pom kev tsis pom kev thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog qhov muaj ntau yam ntawm myopia nrog kev hloov pauv pathological hauv retina.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav hauv lub cev hauv tus menyuam mos, tus poj niam yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuassaib xyuas koj kev noj qab haus huv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau noj zaub mov kom zoo, siv cov vitamin complexes pom zoo los ntawm koj tus kws kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus poj niam yuav tsum tso tseg txhua tus cwj pwm phem, taug kev hauv huab cua kom ntau li ntau tau thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyiam huv ntawm tus kheej.
Yog tias muaj cov kab mob genetic predisposition, nws yuav tsum tau qhia rau tus kws kho mob txog qhov xwm txheej no - ua li no, kev kuaj mob ntxov tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab pib kho kom tsim nyog.
