Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yog ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav niaj hnub uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam uas tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg tob tob. Nws yog raws li lub cev tshwm sim xws li nuclear magnetic resonance. Qhov no tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm lub npe ntawm txoj kev no. Thaum siv nws, cov lus teb electromagnetic ntawm nuclei ntawm atoms yog ntsuas. Feem ntau, siv hydrogen atoms.
MRI kawm - nws yog dab tsi?
Tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg yog saturated nrog hydrogen. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tshuaj xyuas lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Proton (particle zoo them) ntawm hydrogen atom muaj lub kiv (magnetic moment), uas muaj peev xwm hloov nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thaum raug ib tug haib magnetic teb. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud, nws cov kiv yuav raug coj los sib koom ua ke los yog qhia ncaj qha rau thaj tsam no. Kev kuaj MRI yog raws li qhov no.
Thaj chaw nyob hauv kev kawm yog raug hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm qee zaus. Hauv qhov no, qee cov protons hloov lawv lub sijhawm sib nqus los ntawmopposite, tom qab uas lawv rov qab mus rau lawv qhov qub chaw. Thaum kawg ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm hydrogen tso tawm lub zog ntawm kev so. Lub zog no thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no raug kaw los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (tomograph).
siv rau dab tsi?
MRI yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov duab tseeb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev (lub hlwb thiab qaum qaum, pob txha mos, thiab lwm yam). Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas txawm tias qhov kev hloov pauv me me tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem inflammatory, txiav txim siab qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav ntawm cov kua roj ntsha (ntshav, lymph, kua cerebrospinal), pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub paj hlwb rau kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam kabmob. Cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj dej tsawg (ntsws, pob txha) tsis raug tshuaj xyuas siv tomography, vim tias lawv cov duab tsis zoo. Txoj kev tshawb no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv dav hauv neurosurgery thiab neurology. Txoj kev no yuav muaj qee qhov contraindications.
YContraindications
MRI kev kuaj mob muaj nws cov contraindications. Lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb lossis txheeb ze. Contraindications kiag li qhia tau hais tias txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Nrog tus txheeb ze contraindications, MRI yog qhov tsis xav tau, tab sis yog tias tsim nyog, qhov no tau tso cai.
YAbsolute contraindications
- Pacemaker.
- Metal implants.
- Ilizarov apparatus nrog cov qauv hlau.
- Nruab nrab pob ntseg cog nrog magnetizablecov khoom siv hlau lossis hluav taws xob.
txheeb ze contraindications
- YInsulin twj.
- Nervous system stimulants.
- Artificial heart li qub.
- pob ntseg implants yog non-ferromagnetic.
- Hemostat.
- Non-ferromagnetic vascular clips (clamps) rau intracranial aneurysms.
- Lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm decompensation.
- Claustrophobia (kev ntshai ntawm qhov chaw kaw).
- mob hlwb thiab tus neeg mob tsis txaus.
- Cawv qaug cawv.
- Tus neeg mob hnyav heev.
- Lub peb hlis ntuj thib ib ntawm cev xeeb tub.
- Tattoos uas yog tsim los ntawm cov xim uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau.
Titanium prostheses tsis yog ib qho contraindication rau kev tshawb fawb, vim lawv tsis yog-ferromagnetic. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev txwv hnyav rau kev ua MRI. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 120 kg.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev, pub mis niam thiab kev coj khaub ncaws tsis yog contraindication rau MRI. Qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg tsis kam lees cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob hluav taws xob MRI.
Kev xeem ua li cas?
MRI ua li cas? Cov txheej txheem no tsis tas yuav muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog MRI ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum. Hnub ua ntej ntawm tus txheej txheem, koj tuaj yeem noj zaub mov, tab sis nyob rau hauv moderation. Tus neeg mob raug hais kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom siv (watches, hairpins, hniav nyiaj hniav kub), thiabkuj muaj cov hniav hniav, lub pob ntseg thiab lub wig, yog tias muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim npav rho nyiaj thiab daim npav rho nyiaj yuav tsum tau tso tawm sab nraum lub chaw ua haujlwm, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo. Tag nrho cov hlau thiab hlau uas muaj, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yuav tsum tau tawm sab nraum lub qhov rooj, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hlau nplaum uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas. Qhov no yuav txo qhov zoo ntawm cov duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw sib nqus no tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws xob puas tsuaj.
Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj cov hlau prostheses, lub plawv li qub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cog, thiab lwm yam, nws yuav tsum tau qhia rau tus kws kho mob txog qhov no. MRI diagnostics nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tej zaum yuav contraindicated (qhov no tau tham saum toj no) vim muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv, raws li zoo raws li cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas. Yog tias tus kws kho mob tau txiav txim siab tias tsis muaj contraindications, tus neeg mob yuav raug caw mus rau lub chaw ua haujlwm kom kuaj xyuas. Qee lub tsev kho mob muab hloov mus rau hauv lub tsho, tab sis koj tuaj yeem nyob hauv koj cov khaub ncaws yog tias lawv tsis muaj cov khoom siv ferromagnetic.
Yog li MRI ua li cas? Txhawm rau ua qhov txheej txheem no, tus neeg mob pw hauv qhov tomograph qhov. Thaum kawm, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nyob twj ywm kiag li. Qhov zoo ntawm cov duab nyob ntawm qhov no. Lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov av thiab lub kiv cua khiav kom nws ua pa yooj yim dua. Kuj tseem muaj lub microphone built-in. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem tham nrog tus kws kho mob uas kuaj xyuas.
Qee qhov kev xeem tau ua nrog qhov sib txawv nruab nrab. Yog tias tsim nyog, ces qhov sib piv yog txhaj rau hauvcov leeg ntawm lub luj tshib ntawm caj npab.
Cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas?
hom kev kawm no siv sijhawm li 15 txog 45 feeb. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem thov kom nyob twj ywm me ntsis kom txog thaum nws cov duab tau kawm tiav los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab tias lawv tau ua tiav nrog cov khoom zoo, uas yog, tsis tas yuav muaj lwm tus ntxiv.
MRI rau cov menyuam yaus
Feem ntau, MRI tau sau rau cov menyuam yaus yog tias tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj kab mob hauv lub cev uas muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb. Kev tshuaj xyuas lwm yam kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev uas siv txoj kev no yog muab rau menyuam yaus tsawg zaus.
Cov txheej txheem no raug pom zoo rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab 5 xyoos. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tus me nyuam nyob twj ywm thaum lub sij hawm ntsuam xyuas. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm 15 mus rau 40 feeb. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias lub sijhawm uas tsis muaj kev txav mus los yog qhov nyuaj heev rau tus neeg mob me kom dhau mus. Yog tias tus menyuam ua tsis taus pa thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, cov duab yuav tsis zoo thiab yuav tsis nqa cov ntaub ntawv rau tus kws kho mob.
Ib leej niam raug tso cai nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm thaum nws tus menyuam raug kuaj. Lub tshuab scanner muaj lub microphone built-in thiab nws tuaj yeem tham nrog tus menyuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Thaum qhov xwm txheej hnyav, yog tias txoj kev tshawb no tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem ua MRI scan rau cov menyuam yaus thiab yau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev siv tshuaj loog yog tso cai rau immobilize tus me nyuam.
MRI pub dawb raws li MHI txoj cai
Txhua tus pej xeem ntawm Lavxias Federation muaj kev kho mobkev tuav pov hwm txoj cai. Puas muaj peev xwm ua MRI raws li MHI txoj cai pub dawb? Lo lus teb yog, tab sis tsis tas li. Kev tuav pov hwm kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov kev pab dawb. Yog tias MRI kev kuaj mob tau suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe no thaum thov rau txoj cai, tom qab ntawd hauv lub xeev lub tsev kho mob uas muaj tomograph, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem no dawb. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no dawb rau txhua tus. Tom qab tag nrho, MRI yog ib qho kev kawm high-tech thiab kim. Txawm li cas los xij, dawb quotas rau MRIs tau faib rau hauv cov chaw kho mob pej xeem. Tab sis muaj ob peb ntawm lawv - tsuas yog ob peb txheej txheem ib hlis. Yog tias tsim nyog, xws li quota tuaj yeem tau txais. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev kuaj mob no dawb xwb, tus neeg mob yuav tsum muaj kev xa mus ncaj ncees los ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Yog tias muaj kev xa mus, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv tos rau hom kev kuaj mob no, lossis yog tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem rau tus nqi txhua lub sijhawm yooj yim rau tus neeg mob. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum qhia koj raws nraim qhov twg koj tuaj yeem tau txais MRI dawb. Yog tias kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj koj lub tuam txhab pov hwm ncaj qha.
MRI: nqi
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov txheej txheem MRI rau tus nqi ob qho tib si hauv cov tsev kho mob pej xeem thiab hauv chaw kho mob lag luam. Raws li koj twb paub lawm, cov kev pabcuam MRI tsis pheej yig. Tus nqi yog nyob ntawm hom khoom siv rau kev kawm, lub koob meej ntawm lub tsev kho mob thiab nws qhov deb ntawm lub nroog qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum hmo ntuj, MRI yog pheej yig dua. Feem ntau, muaj kev txo nqi rau cov txheej txheem no hauv cov chaw kho mob, tab sis koj yuav tsum paub ua ntej. Yog li ntawd,Piv txwv li, cov pej xeem hauv qab no tuaj yeem tau txais 5% luv nqi ntawm MRI:
- Pensioners.
- Cov neeg koom nrog thiab cov qub tub rog ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
- Cov neeg ua dej num ntawm kev sib tsoo Chernobyl.
- Cov neeg xiam oob qhab ntawm pawg thawj thiab thib ob.
Koj tuaj yeem suav ntawm 10% luv nqi:
- blockade.
- Cov neeg koom nrog Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
- Cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv thaum nthuav tawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm kho mob thiab daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm qhia tias cov pej xeem tam sim no ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Tus nqi kuj nyob ntawm kev siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm MRI. Tus nqi ntawm kev kawm nrog qhov sib txawv yuav siab dua qhov tsis muaj nws. Qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj mob siv cov tshuaj no nce ntxiv.
Tus nqi nyob ntawm thaj chaw kuaj. Tus nqi nruab nrab rau kev tshuaj xyuas ib cheeb tsam tsis sib xws yog los ntawm 3,500 txog 8,000 rubles.
MRI puas muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv?
Yog tias tag nrho cov kev cai tsim nyog tau ua tiav (tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom hlau thiab hluav taws xob), hom kev tshawb fawb no tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Tsawg kawg, tsis muaj cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau sau tseg txog tam sim no. X-rays tsis siv ntawm no, yog li cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntau zaus raws li xav tau.
Yog tias tus neeg mob cev xeeb tub mus txog 12 lub lis piam, cov kws kho mob qhia tias muaj kev pheej hmoo me me rau tus menyuam hauv plab, tab sis qhov kev xav no yog kev xav xwb. Cov neeg mob uas muaj claustrophobia yuav tsum ceeb toom rau tus kws kho mob ua ntej qhov txheej txheem,leej twg yuav ua qhov kev tshawb fawb. Hauv qhov no, nws raug tso cai caw ib tus neeg txheeb ze los ua tus txheej txheem.
