Ossification nuclei: piav qhia, qauv thiab kev sib txawv, lus qhia kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Ossification nuclei: piav qhia, qauv thiab kev sib txawv, lus qhia kho mob
Ossification nuclei: piav qhia, qauv thiab kev sib txawv, lus qhia kho mob

Video: Ossification nuclei: piav qhia, qauv thiab kev sib txawv, lus qhia kho mob

Video: Ossification nuclei: piav qhia, qauv thiab kev sib txawv, lus qhia kho mob
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Kev tsim ntawm tib neeg lub cev pob txha pib nrog nws tus kheej qhov chaw hauv plab thiab kav yuav luag txog 25 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, lub cev loj tuaj, thiab cov pob txha maj mam nce qhov ntev thiab dav.

Txoj kev tsim ntawm cov pob txha pob txha yog qhov tsis sib xws thiab maj mam loj hlob ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev taw qhia distal los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Cov qhov chaw ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal uas tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws axial load paub tab sai dua lwm tus. Qhov no yog hais txog cov pob txha tubular nrog lawv cov articular kawg, qhov twg cov leeg yog txuas. Ntawm no yog cov ossification nuclei, uas kuj tshwm sim thaum lub cev tsim. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim raws sijhawm rau hnub nyoog, ces txoj kev txhim kho yog qhov qub.

Ib feem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov pob txha ntawm TBS (hip joint). Nrog rau kev loj hlob qeeb lossis ossification ntawm lub nuclei, congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav yuav tshwm sim.

Generalkev nkag siab rau hauv cores

nucleus ntawm ossification ntawm femur
nucleus ntawm ossification ntawm femur

Lub ossification nuclei tsuas yog ib qho kev kuaj mob, qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib koom tes. Tsis muaj cov cim qhia sab nraud, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

txheej txheem no muaj nws tus kheej peculiarities:

  1. Ossification thawj zaug tshwm sim qhov twg thawj zaug tshwm sim.
  2. Lub ossification nuclei nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm femur yuav tsum tshwm sim ua ntej tus me nyuam pib nkag thiab zaum.
  3. Lub nuclei hauv acetabulum yog thawj zaug tsim raws nws sab sauv (anatomically, qhov no yog lub ru tsev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke). Nrog nws txoj kev tsim raws sijhawm, tus menyuam pib sawv ywj siab ntawm nws txhais taw, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam kawm taug kev.
  4. Thawj lub nuclei ntawm ossification ntawm lub duav pob qij txha yuav tsum tshwm raws nraim hauv lub taub hau ntawm femur thiab sab sauv ntawm acetabulum. Txwv tsis pub, TBS tau qeeb hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv tus menyuam nce. Qhov kev kuaj mob dhau los ua qhov sib txuam nrog hip dysplasia.

Yog tias tsis muaj ossification nuclei hauv lub duav sib koom ua ke ntawm ultrasound, ces qhov no hu ua aplasia.

Statistics

Dysplasia muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub tebchaws (2-3%), tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, nyob ntawm seb haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog txo qis hauv cov menyuam yaus African Asmeskas.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv ecologically unfavorable cheeb tsam, qhov tshwm sim ntawm muaj ib tug me nyuam nrog xws li ib tug kuaj mob mus txog 12%. Kev sib txuas ncaj qha tau raug sau tseg ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm dysplasia thiab nruj swaddling ntawm tus menyuam ob txhais ceg ncaj.

Ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cov teb chaws sovCov menyuam yug tshiab tsis yog swaddled, lawv nqa rov qab, thiab qhov tshwm sim tau qis dua ntawm no.

Pov thawj kuj yog tias nyob rau hauv Nyiv, piv txwv li, kev lig kev cai ntawm nruj swaddling tau hloov los ntawm lub teb chaws project nyob rau hauv 1975. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav txo los ntawm 3.5 mus rau 0.2%.

Pathology feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov ntxhais (80%), ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg mob yog cov kab mob hauv tsev neeg.

Congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav tau kuaj pom ntau zaus ntau zaus hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab, toxicosis. Cov pob txha sab laug feem ntau cuam tshuam (60%), feem ntau tsawg dua ntawm txoj cai pob qij txha (20%) lossis ob qho tib si (20%).

pob txha pob txha ntawm lub duav sib koom

ossification nuclei ntawm lub taub hau
ossification nuclei ntawm lub taub hau

Cov pob txha yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub fetus nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam, thaum 3-5 lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub. Tom qab ntawd kev tsim ntawm TBS pib. Thaum yug me nyuam, qhov loj ntawm lub nuclei yog 3-6 mm - qhov no yog cov qauv.

Cov me nyuam ntxov ntxov muaj me dua ossification nuclei. Tab sis cov me nyuam ib txwm muaj peev xwm muaj cov nuclei me me. Yog tias tsis muaj nuclei, qhov no suav hais tias yog pathology. Yog tias lub nuclei tsis tshwm sim hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, kev ua haujlwm ntawm TBS yuav tsis raug.

Pathologies ntawm nucleus

Yog tias tus menyuam yug tshiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv thaj chaw pelvic thiab qhov sib koom ua haujlwm ib txwm ua, tom qab ntawd nrog kev loj hlob qeeb ntawm cov nuclei, qhov no tsis suav tias yog pathology. Yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev pob txha thiab kev txav mus los, thaum tsis muaj pob txha nuclei, ces qhov no yog ib qho kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.

txheej txheem ib txwm

Muaj 3 theem ntawm kev txhim kho ib txwm:

  1. Los ntawm tso cov ntsiab lus ntawm HBS hauv tus menyuam hauv plab mus rau thawj 3-4 lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Ib txwmcores ntawm ossification ntawm lub duav pob qij txha nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej yog 3-6 hli inch.
  2. theem thib ob tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli txog 1.5 xyoo. Pob txha nuclei loj hlob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab pob txha mos pib maj mam hloov los ntawm cov pob txha.
  3. theem thib peb mus txog rau thaum hluas. Ntawm no twb tus kheej nuclei sib koom ua ke rau hauv daim hlau muaj zog. Qhov qis thiab nruab nrab ntawm acetabulum yog ossified.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub duav ossification nuclei mus ua ke nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam, thawj zaug nws kawm nkag mus thiab zaum, thiab tsis ntev nws tuaj yeem sawv thiab taug kev.

Nyob hauv fetus

Ultrasound lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tag nrho hauv kev txhim kho ntawm lub duav sib koom ua ke hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm ossification nuclei lossis lwm yam deformities. Dysplasia tsis txhais rau nws.

Nyob rau me nyuam

Tom qab yug me nyuam tshiab, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub cev pob txha pib. Thiab qhov no yog vim qhov txav ntawm tus menyuam. Active txav ntawm ob txhais ceg tsim cov leeg ntawm tus ncej puab. Qhov no ua rau cov ntshav ntws mus rau qhov tob ntawm cov pob txha. Cov hlwb pw tsaug zog tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, cov pob txha pob txha rhuav tshem thiab cov pob txha nqaj tsim tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tau nrawm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntau cov pob txha nuclei tshwm.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ossification nuclei yog nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub femur, nyob rau hauv nws central seem. Ib txhij nrog lub taub hau ntawm femur, acetabulum pib tsim. Nws tau txais nws daim ntawv kawg thaum tus menyuam sawv ntawm nws ko taw. Cov qauv ntawm ossification nuclei, uas, raws li twb tau hais lawm, yog 3-6 hli, tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas los ntawm ultrasound, tab sis tsis ntxov dua.nyob rau lub hli 4 ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej.

Yuav qhia li cas?

ncua ossification nuclei
ncua ossification nuclei

Qhov kev kuaj mob li no yog lub hauv siab dysplasia yog tsim los ntawm kev kho mob thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ultrasound, X-ray. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tseem ceeb heev, tab sis lawv yog qhov thib ob rau lub tsev kho mob.

Thaum lub sijhawm xav tias dysplasia, tus kws kho mob orthopedist tseem yuav tsum nyob hauv tsev kho mob thiab sau npe tus menyuam. Cov me nyuam no tau txais kev kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Kev sib koom ua ke tsim nyog tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau qhov kev xeem:

  1. Daim tawv nqaij folds ntawm tus ncej puab thiab hauv qab pob tw yog qhov pom kev. Feem ntau lawv yog symmetrical.
  2. Hip abduction - tus me nyuam ob txhais ceg yog khoov nrog nias rau lub plab thiab maj mam muab faib rau ob sab. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim yooj yim. Nrog dysplasia, dilution yog txwv - qhov no yog qhov ua ntej dislocation, thaum lub suab ntawm tus ncej puab nce.
  3. Tib lub sijhawm, kev swb tau sau tseg - thaum ob txhais ceg raug nyiag los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, nias tau sau tseg. Qhov no yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm Ortolani-Marx, thiab nws hais txog kev kho tsis zoo ntawm lub taub hau. Nws yog subluxation, thiab dislocation nws tus kheej yog txiav txim siab twb thaum tus me nyuam pib taug kev. Tus menyuam yuav qaug zog lossis taug kev os.
  4. Ib leeg ceg luv yuav tshwm sim. Txawm hais tias ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas no zoo, yuav tsum muaj ultrasound.

Yog tias tsis muaj ossification ntawm ob sab, qhov no tsis suav tias yog ib qho mob hnyav, txij li osteogenesis tseem tau sau tseg. Tab sis cov txheej txheem unilateral ntawm ncua sij hawm ossification nuclei xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Tsis muajcores

Qee zaum, muaj aplasia lossis tsis muaj ossification nuclei hauv cov khoom ntawm lub duav pob qij txha. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub cev nws tus kheej sim tshem tawm qhov sib koom ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, kev ua txhaum cai yog raws li hauv qab no: ob txhais ceg yog asymmetrical, ib qho kev txav txav nrawm nrawm lossis tsis yooj yim sua.

Ntawm ultrasound, ossification nuclei ntawm femur tsis tuaj thiab cov khoom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau theem ntawm pob txha mos. Lawv tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab yog homogeneous. Qhov sib koom ua ke yog deformed. Lub acetabulum maj mam flattens thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab.

Lub taub hau ntawm femur tawm ntawm kab noj hniav thiab nws qhov sib npaug ploj mus. Qhov tshwm sim yog arthrosis - kev sib koom ua ke raug rhuav tshem. Cov ntaub so ntswg cartilaginous yog caws pliav, ib qho callus tshwm. Yog li ntawd, tib txoj kev tawm yog kev sib koom tes prosthetics.

Etiology ntawm ossification

ossification nuclei nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam
ossification nuclei nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Ossification feem ntau tshwm sim hauv 50% ntawm rickets. Qhov no yog vim tsis muaj cov as-ham, B vitamins thiab minerals (calcium, iron, iodine, phosphorus) nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntshiv, ligaments thiab pob txha. Qhov tsis muaj kev tsim ntawm ossification nuclei hauv cov menyuam yaus kuj tseem txuas nrog qhov no.

Cov tsos mob ntawm dysplasia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev nthuav qhia tsis raug ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab; nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus uas tau noj lub raj mis, thaum txo kev tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau nyob ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv: piv txwv li, muaj ntshav qab zib, thyroid teeb meem, hormonal cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus me nyuam cov metabolism yog cuam tshuam. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis muaj pob txha nuclei tuaj yeem yog tus menyuam ntxaib, gynecological pathologies nyob rau hauv leej niam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm uterine hypertonicity, kab mob thiabCov kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub, leej niam hnub nyoog tshaj 40 xyoo, mob toxicosis hnyav, heredity (txhua qhov thib tsib), yug ntxov ntxov, kab mob ntawm leej niam tus txha nraub qaum, fetus loj.

Kev txhim kho ntawm TBS

Kev tsim ntawm cov nucleus ntawm ossification ntawm lub taub hau femoral tau sau tseg ntawm 5-6 lub hlis, thiab los ntawm 5-6 xyoo cov txheej txheem nrawm dua kaum npaug. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15-17 xyoo, pob txha mos yog hloov los ntawm cov pob txha. Lub caj dab femoral tseem loj hlob mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov pob txha mos hloov los ntawm cov pob txha.

Kho rau dysplasia

Kev kho mob yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob nkaus xwb, thiab cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua raws li nws cov lus pom zoo. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua siab ntev thiab muaj zog vim txoj kev kho yuav ntev.

Cov txheej txheem tsim kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm nuclei hauv thaj tsam TBS suav nrog:

  • kho thiab tiv thaiv rickets nrog UV hluav taws xob thiab noj cov vitamin D;
  • siv splint kom txo kev sib koom tes;
  • electrophoresis nrog phosphorus thiab calcium, eufillin nyob rau sab nraub qaum, cov txheej txheem nrog bischofite;
  • daim ntawv thov paraffin;
  • massage and therapeutic exercises.

Tom qab kev kho mob, kev kuaj xyuas ultrasound rov qab los txhawm rau ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob. Thaum kho, tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem zaum thiab tso nws txhais taw. Kev kho sai sai yog pib, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua yuav yog. Kev tawm dag zog thiab zaws yog siv los ntxiv dag zog thiab txhim kho cov leeg.

Kev tawm dag zog kho mob ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo txawm tias tus menyuam tsis muaj dysplasia li ntawd, tab sis muaj cov caj ces predisposition. Tom qab ntawd cov kev tawm dag zog tau ua rau pw tsaug zog, tsis tas yuav thauj khoom ntawm cov pob qij txha.

massage

tub ntxhaisossification ntawm lub taub hau femoral
tub ntxhaisossification ntawm lub taub hau femoral

Nws tuaj yeem nqa tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub log tsheb yam tsis tau tshem tawm. Nrog aplasia, stroking thiab rubbing yog qhia.

massage rules:

  • menyuam mos yuav tsum pw ntawm lub rooj hloov pauv nrog lub tiaj tiaj;
  • ntev ib lub rooj nrog daim pawm vim tus menyuam yuav tso zis;
  • tus me nyuam lub siab yuav tsum zoo siab thiab ua siab mos siab muag;
  • me nyuam yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaib plab;
  • massage yog ua ib hnub ib zaug, ib chav kawm ntawm 10-15 txheej txheem.

Yuav tsum muaj 3 chav kawm xwb, nrog rau kev so ntev li 1.5 lub hlis.

Lub massage complex yog xaiv tus kheej los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Tom qab kev sab laj nrog tus kws kho mob, leej niam tuaj yeem zaws tus menyuam ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tom tsev. Kev zaws yuav tsis ua yog tias tus menyuam muaj:

  • kub;
  • ARVI;
  • hernias;
  • mob plawv tsis xws luag.

Gymnastics

tsis muaj ossification nuclei
tsis muaj ossification nuclei

Koj tuaj yeem kawm ua gymnastics koj tus kheej. Cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li kev zaws. Kev tawm dag zog yog ua thaum nruab hnub 3-4 zaug. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau nyiam gymnastics zoo li no.

Yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua kom zoo. Gymnastics thaum tsis muaj ossification ntawm lub duav sib koom ua ke suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

  1. Kev tsim ntawm Qav pose nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm supine. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub hauv caug yuav tsum ncav cuag qhov chaw thaum kis ob txhais ceg.
  2. Yim txoj kev nkag los ntawm tig tus menyuam rau ntawm nws lub plab.
  3. Tig tus menyuam rov qab los, khoov ob txhais ceg ncaj. Lawv yuav tsum kov tus menyuam lub taub hau.
  4. Ncaj, ncaj ob txhais ceg sib nrug.
  5. Ncaj ob txhais ceg rub lub taub hau thiab sib nrug.
  6. Qhia tus me nyuam ob txhais ceg rau hauv txoj hauj lwm lotus, tso sab laug ceg rau saum.
  7. Hloov kho ob txhais ceg ntawm lub hauv caug thiab ntawm lub plab mog.

daim ntawv thov Paraffin

Lawv sov cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tshem tawm toxins. Rau cov txheej txheem, tsuas yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb paraffin yog siv. Lub sijhawm ntawm thawj txheej txheem tsis pub dhau 1/4 teev, tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm thov tuaj yeem maj mam nce mus txog 30 feeb. Hiav txwv da dej kuj pab tau.

Orthopedic splints

ossification nuclei
ossification nuclei
  • Koshlya Splint - pab kho lub taub hau ntawm femur nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, kho lub duav nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nrauj, tab sis tsis txwv kev txav ntawm lub plab pob qij txha.
  • Pavlik's stirrups - ntaub hauv siab brace, ntxiv dag zog rau ligaments ntawm lub duav pob qij txha. Ob txhais ceg tsis ncaj, tab sis lwm yam kev txav tuaj yeem ua tau. Siv tau mus txog ib xyoos.
  • Shina Freyka - siv rau me dysplasia qis dua 6 lub hlis. Tsis txhob siv rau dislocation. Lub pob tw tuav lub duav ntawm 90-degree lub kaum sab xis.
  • Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lwm yam pathology, log tsheb ntawm Koshl, Vilensky, Mirzoeva, Orlett, Gnevkovsky lub apparatus, plastering yog siv.
  • Tom qab ib xyoos, gypsum feem ntau siv los kho ob txhais ceg. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog 1.5 xyoo, thiab cov dysplasia tsis tau kho, feem ntau yog kev ua haujlwm (raws li S alter). Lub ntsiab lus ntawm S alter's pelvic osteotomy yog tias lawv hloov txoj hauj lwm spatial ntawm acetabulum yam tsis hloov nws qhov loj.

Huab cua

Forecast nrog rau thaum ntxovtus kws kho mob zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus, dysplastic coxarthrosis yog tsim, kev kho mob uas yuav tsum tau sib koom arthroplasty.

Kev tiv thaiv niam txiv

Ib tug poj niam yuav tsum noj zoo thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Thaum muaj 7 lub hlis, tus me nyuam txoj kev noj haus yuav tsum muaj cov khoom noj ntxiv lawm.

Ntxiv rau cov khoom noj khoom haus, kev taug kev tsis tu ncua hauv huab cua ntshiab, zaws, tawm dag zog thiab ua kom tawv nqaij yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, txhawm rau tiv thaiv hypovitaminosis ntawm vitamin D, tus menyuam yuav tsum tau txais nws hauv tee. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li dav swaddling ntawm tus me nyuam kom tus me nyuam txav tau nws ob txhais ceg ywj siab.

Pom zoo: