Diverticulosis: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Diverticulosis: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob
Diverticulosis: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Diverticulosis: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob

Video: Diverticulosis: cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob
Video: 6 Nqi Lus Qhia Kev Ua neej ( leej twg mloog lub neej yuav zoo tuaj) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Diverticulosis yog ib yam kab mob uas tsim cov hnab ris, uas yog, ib leeg lossis ntau qhov kev tawm ntawm txoj hnyuv mucosa, ntawm qhov xwm txheej hernial. Lawv qhov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5 hli hauv txoj kab uas hla, qee zaum txawm me ntsis ntxiv. Lawv hu ua diverticula.

Cov tsos mob ntawm diverticulosis
Cov tsos mob ntawm diverticulosis

Npaum zoo, rov qab rau xyoo 1930 thiab 40s, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no, raws li kev tshawb fawb X-ray, tsis ntau tshaj 7%. Thaum nyob rau xyoo tas los no tus lej tau nce mus rau 30%. Nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias feem ntau, tsawg kawg thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob, diverticulosis yog asymptomatic. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, nws qhov kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem siab dua - txog li 50%.

Tam sim no, feem ntau cov neeg nyob hauv cov teb chaws tsim kev lag luam raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob, uas qhia tias kev ua neej thiab kev noj zaub mov ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev mob.

Caus of diverticulosis

Tam sim no, qhov ua rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm diverticulum nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hnyuv tsis paub txog tshuaj. Qhov kev xav dav dav tshaj plaws yog qhov ntawdNws ntseeg tau hais tias xws li protrusions yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce siab nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv nws tus kheej - cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog tshaj daim ntawv piav qhia "pockets".

Raws li kev hloov pauv hauv siab, lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus peculiarities. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tau txais fiber ntau txaus, qhov no ua kom lub plab zom mov zoo thiab maj mam txav ntawm cov quav los ntawm nws.

Kuv mob plab
Kuv mob plab

Yog tias ib tus neeg tau txais fiber ntau tsis txaus, qhov no ua rau qee yam txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, vim nws cov ntsiab lus nias rau ntawm phab ntsa, thiab tom qab ib ntus diverticula daim ntawv.

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias lawv tsim qhov twg ntau cov hlab ntsha dhau los ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Cov chaw no suav hais tias yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws.

Thaum xav txog kev mob plab hnyuv diverticulosis, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ntau yam kev pheej hmoo ua haujlwm rau nws, uas suav nrog:

  • cem quav ntev;
  • muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv cov hnyuv;
  • overweight;
  • txo qis hauv kev noj haus fiber ntau.

Tam sim no, kev sib raug zoo ntawm kas fes lossis haus cawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm diverticulosis tsis tau tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau raug pov thawj tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho pathology yog txuam nrog kev siv cov roj ntau ntau thiab cov nqaij liab. Ntxiv fiber ntau los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub rau koj cov zaub mov tuaj yeem pab txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo.

Diverticulosis ntawm txoj hnyuv loj: cov cim tseem ceeb

Muaj peb hom kab mob diverticulosis - asymptomatic (thaum diverticula pom thaum kuajyuam kev), tsis yooj yim, thaum muaj qee yam kev kho mob tshwm sim, nrog rau kev nyuaj (feem ntau diverticulitis ntxiv).

Diverticula feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv loj. Feem ntau tsawg tsawg - hauv cov hnyuv thiab duodenum.

diverticulosis cov tsos mob
diverticulosis cov tsos mob

Thaum xav txog colonic diverticulosis, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Mob Syndrome. Ntxiv mus, qhov mob tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv - los ntawm me ntsis tingling mus rau kev tawm tsam hnyav. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev mob tshwm sim nyob nruab nrab.
  2. Ntaus thiab ntuav.
  3. Cov quav tsis khov thaum cem quav hloov nrog raws plab. Interestingly, tom qab lub plab zom mov, ntau cov tsos mob, nrog rau qhov mob, ploj mus ib ntus.
  4. Cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv dyspepsia (flatulence, bloating, txawv rumbling).

Mob plab thaum lub sij hawm tus kab mob no tsis muaj qhov chaw meej. Tus neeg mob tsuas tuaj yeem hais tias nws mob qhov chaw ntawm sab laug, hauv thaj tsam iliac. Raws li txoj hnyuv muaj cov ntsiab lus, qhov tsis xis nyob nce zuj zus.

Nco ntsoov, cem quav hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tshwm sim hauv kwv yees li 85% ntawm cov neeg mob, tab sis raws plab tshwm sim tsuas yog 15%. Feem ntau, qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus (piv txwv li, noj cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau dhau), lossis los ntawm kev tswj tsis tau cov tshuaj laxatives, lossis los ntawm qee qhov laj thawj ntawm kev xav.

Thaum saib diverticulosis, cov tsos mob, thiab kev kho mob rau cov neeg laus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsis yooj yim diverticulosis feem ntau tshwm sim nrog lwm cov tsos mob.pathologies cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos ntawm diverticulum. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg:

  • obesity;
  • cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj peev xwm (congenital lossis kis tau);
  • pab plab hnyuv motility.

kab mob biliary nrog cov tsos mob feem ntau tshwm sim ib txhij.

Kev kuaj kab mob

Kev tsis txaus siab ntawm qhov mob lossis txawm tias tsis xis nyob hauv plab, ncua sij hawm hauv cov quav, lwm cov tsos mob tau teev saum toj no yog qhov txaus rau kev kuaj mob ntxiv.

Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum kuaj xyuas, thaum palpation ntawm lub plab pab txheeb xyuas qhov mob - feem ntau lawv yog sab laug. Tab sis qhov tsos ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm peritoneal irritation yuav qhia tau hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem, nrog rau cov hnyuv obstruction.

Rau qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm diverticulosis, ib txoj hauv kev qhia zoo tshaj plaws yog barium enema (kev kuaj mob ntawm cov hnyuv nrog barium enema, uas pab txiav txim seb muaj qhov tshwm sim). Ib qho tshuaj colonoscopy kuj tau sau tseg, uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov muaj cov kev hloov pauv lossis perforations - teeb meem ntawm kab mob diverticular.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv

Thaum xav txog kev mob plab hnyuv, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob hauv cov neeg laus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kev saib xyuas yuav luag txhua zaus siv. Hmoov tsis zoo, lawv feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, yog li txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov kev ntsuas dav dav, piv txwv li, tawm tsam rog, uakev hloov kho rau txoj kev ua neej ib txwm muaj.

Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog hom kab mob diverticulosis yam tsis muaj kev kho mob tshwm sim, txawm tias kev kho tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum tau, nws txaus kom noj fiber ntau txhua hnub - tsawg kawg 200 g zaub. Qee tus kws tshaj lij pom cov bran ua tau zoo.

Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov tsos mob classic ntawm diverticulosis, kev kho mob yuav txawv me ntsis. Feem ntau qhov no yog ib daim ntawv tsis yooj yim, tab sis txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm comorbidities, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kawm cov kev kho mob 2-3 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Lawv lub sijhawm yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob, raws li daim duab tag nrho, qhov nruab nrab, lawv tuaj yeem kav 2-6 lub lis piam.

Kev kho tus kab mob feem ntau suav nrog peb thaj chaw:

  1. Kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb nrog cov fiber ntau ntxiv thiab cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau los txhim kho kev zom zaub mov thiab tshem tawm cem quav.
  2. Tshuaj kho mob, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab prokinetics, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev muaj zog.
  3. Tshuaj cem quav los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj osmotic laxative - feem ntau yog cov tshuaj uas muaj lactulose.

Ib qho tseem ceeb ceeb toom - noj cov tshuaj stimulant hauv diverticulosis yog contraindicated, raws li lawv cuam tshuam lub siab nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv lumen.

Kev cuam tshuam phais mob tsuas yog qhia rau cov kab mob hnyav thiab teeb meem.

Tshuaj kho rau diverticulosis

Kho kab mob verticular nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov mob yuav tsum noj tshuaj xws li antispasmodics,Cov no yog "No-Shpa", "Papaverin", "Drotaverin". Koj tuaj yeem nqa lawv tsuas yog tom qab sab laj nrog kws kho mob.

Cov tshuaj No-Shpa
Cov tshuaj No-Shpa

Tsis tas li, txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem digestive, kev npaj enzyme xws li "Creon" lossis "Festal" tuaj yeem raug sau. Gastrointestinal motility stimulants (piv txwv li, Metoclopramide) yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntawm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, vim hais tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntsuas siab.

Kev npaj Creon
Kev npaj Creon

Tab sis qee zaum, tus kws kho mob tsuas yog sau cov tshuaj no raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj.

Yog tias muaj kab mob diverticulosis nrog cov teeb meem uas tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob, ces cov tshuaj probiotics ntxiv - Linex, Bifidumbacterin.

Cov tshuaj Bifidumbacterin
Cov tshuaj Bifidumbacterin

YDiverticulosis diet

Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, kev noj zaub mov hauv diverticulosis suav nrog kev siv cov khoom hu ua ballast, lossis cov khoom noj muaj fiber ntau. Qhov no yog zaub fiber ntau, vim tias muaj cov quav nqus dej ntau dua, ua kom xoob, uas pab txhawb lawv txoj kev txav mus los. Tsis tas li ntawd, fiber ntau yog ib qho prebiotic, uas yog, ib puag ncig zoo rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig microflora.

Tus nqi zog ntawm cov khoom noj txhua hnub rau diverticulosis yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 2500 kcal, yog tias tus neeg mob muaj lub cev ua haujlwm nruab nrab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, zaub mov yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 30 g ntawm fiber. Thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum suav nrog hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus uaspab rau normalization ntawm digestive txheej txheem. Nov yog:

  1. Ntau cov nplej, nrog cov nplej xim av tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb.
  2. zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm concomitant kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv, lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog ceev faj. Piv txwv li, nrog gastritis, nws yog qhov zoo dua los noj txiv apples tsis nyoos, tab sis ci. Koj yuav tsum noj txog li 500 g ntawm zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ib hnub.
  3. khob cij.
  4. Cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tag nrho lwm yam khoom tsiaj, tshwj tsis yog qe, kefir thiab tsev cheese, yuav tsum txwv. Nqaij tsuas yog noj dawb (luav, qaib ntxhw, qaib) thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 150 g ib hnub twg. Koj tuaj yeem noj pasta, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm durum nplej. Semolina porridge yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, khob cij ib yam nkaus.

Sigmoid diverticulosis: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Nyob rau hauv yuav luag 70% ntawm cov kab mob diverticular, protrusions tshwm sim hauv thaj av sigmoid. Qhov no yog vim nws cov functional thiab anatomical nta. Yog tias daim ntawv no ntawm diverticulosis raug kuaj pom, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob yuav, nyob rau hauv txoj cai, nyob ze rau daim duab tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov hnyuv loj tag nrho.

Cov nyuv sigmoid muaj lub taub me me, ntau qhov nkhaus, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog ntom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua haujlwm ntawm lub pas dej, uas ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntawm nws cov phab ntsa.

Yog li, yog tias diverticulosis ntawm cov hnyuv sigmoid raug kuaj pom, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob, kev noj zaub mov yuav zoo li tau piav qhia saum toj no. Los ntawmdiverticulum nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me, daim ntawv no txawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ntes tau, thiab nws kuj muaj ib tug tsawg txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tsim ib co teeb meem, nrog rau los ntshav.

Diverticulosis hauv cov neeg laus: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Diverticulosis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam pathologies, tab sis feem ntau qhov teeb meem nyob hauv qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub plab hnyuv. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, lub suab ntawm cov leeg ntawm txoj hnyuv loj maj mam txo qis, cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas tau tawm, uas ua rau pom cov diverticulum.

Vascular pathologies thiab dystrophic hloov pauv kuj ua lawv lub luag haujlwm ntawm no. Qhov kawg ntawm cov neeg laus tshwm sim raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem degenerative hauv lub cev, lawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm atherosclerosis.

Mob plab vim diverticulosis
Mob plab vim diverticulosis

Kev mob plab hnyuv, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg laus yog qhov txaus siab tshwj xeeb, vim tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob no nce ntxiv nrog lub hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, cov cim qhia sib haum rau daim duab kho mob tau piav qhia saum toj no.

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, cov tsos mob xws li nce roj tsim, flatulence, dag ntxias kom tso quav ntau dua (txawm tias tom qab lub plab zom mov, qhov kev xav ntawm lub plab tseem nyob). Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov kua qaub kuj pom nyob hauv cov quav.

Rau cov neeg laus, kev noj zaub mov kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, nws raug pom zoo kom ua raws li cov lus pom zoo saum toj no, uas yog, kom suav nrog tsawg kawg 30 g ntawm fiber ntau hauv kev noj haus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev noj haus yuav tsum sib haum mus rau lub rooj kho mob No. 4 raws li M. Pevzner. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qee cov cai yuav tsum ua raws.ua noj (zaub mov yuav boiled, steamed, nyob rau hauv heev mob ci yam tsis muaj crust, tab sis tsis kib).

Yuav tsum tau tseg lub plab thiab cov hnyuv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem noj zaub mov kub, thiab ntsim, rog thiab kib, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nqaij liab, raug cais tawm ntawm kev noj haus.

Diverticulosis thiab diverticulitis

Ib tug yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm ob kab mob no. Yog tias diverticulosis yog qhov pom ntawm pob, ces diverticulitis yog o.

Cov tsos mob ntawm diverticulosis lawv tus kheej yuav tsis tshwm sim ntev heev, txawm tsis tau qhia vim li cas mus ntsib kws kho mob. Yog tias muaj mob hnyav, qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus neeg mob tau mob diverticulitis. Muaj tseeb, qhov no tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj, txij li nyob rau hauv li 80% ntawm cov neeg mob yeej tsis tshwm sim. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub xub ntiag ntawm diverticulosis feem ntau kuaj pom thaum lub sij hawm kev ntsuam xyuas uas tau sau rau lwm yam kab mob.

Diverticulitis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm diverticulosis. Thaum cov txheej txheem inflammatory pib, nws twb txawv ntawm daim duab uas muab diverticulosis ntawm txoj hnyuv loj, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob ntawm no yuav txawv.

Diverticulitis yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm:

  • nce lub cev kub, qee zaum txias;
  • cov tsos mob dyspeptic - xeev siab, ntuav;
  • quav quav;
  • anorexia;
  • pom qhov mob hnyav zuj zus nkag mus hauv plab kab noj hniav.

Qee zaum lub zais zis kuj koom nrog cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Txij li thaum mob feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob kab mob, thiab diverticulosis nws tus kheej tsuas yog tsim rau nws kisCov xwm txheej zoo, tom qab ntawd kev kho mob feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qhov ncauj, thiab hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav - lawv cov kev tswj hwm txoj hlab ntshav.

Kev kho mob feem ntau yuav tsum tau ceev faj. Tab sis qee zaus, kev phais mob yog qhov tsim nyog, txawm hais tias tsis ceev (kev phais mob ceev tsuas yog ua nrog kev phais lossis peritonitis). Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntev nrog cov tsos mob hnyav.

Tiv thaiv kab mob diverticulosis

Cov teeb meem hauv tus kab mob no tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv 20% ntawm cov neeg mob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov tshuaj, qhov ntsuas no suav hais tias yog siab heev, yog li kev mob plab hnyuv diverticulosis, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob uas tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm, yuav tsum tau kho. Tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv.

Vim tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no yog rog dhau thiab tsis muaj fiber ntau hauv kev noj haus, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam kev noj haus thiab kev ua neej. Kev txo qis ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom noj yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev nce hauv fiber ntau hauv nws - qhov nruab nrab txog li 32 g ib hnub twg. Kev tawm dag zog ib nrab kuj tau qhia, vim tias txoj kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam rau plab hnyuv ua haujlwm.

Pom zoo: