Kev txo qis hemoglobin hauv tus menyuam mos yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb, vim nws ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tus menyuam lub cev. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb hauv lub hlwb thiab cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Tias yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub txog qhov tshwm sim thiab ua tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no.
Hmoglobin yog dab tsi?
Hemoglobin yog cov protein uas muaj hlau, uas tuaj yeem khi rau oxygen molecules thiab xyuas kom lawv thauj mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Hauv tib neeg, nws muaj nyob hauv cov qe ntshav - erythrocytes.
Hemoglobin yog xim xim ntawm cov ntshav.
Kab mob kis
Qhov feem ntau ntawm cov hemoglobin qis hauv cov menyuam mos qhia tau tias qhov teeb meem muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab yuav tsis nyob ntawm tsev neeg txoj kev ua neej. Feem ntau qhov ua rau mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam mos yoghemolysis, uas txo cov khoom ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob, koj tuaj yeem muab qhov tsis muaj hlau nyob hauv tus menyuam, tau txais los ntawm nws niam. Ntawm peb - ntshav poob.
Tus qauv ntawm hemoglobin hauv tus menyuam yug tshiab
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qib ntawm hemoglobin hauv tus menyuam, koj yuav tsum paub nws cov qauv ntsuas.
Cov kab mob ntawm tus menyuam thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj kev loj hlob hauv plab yog txwv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog loj ntawm cov ntshav. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav. Tias yog vim li cas hemoglobin hauv tus menyuam yug los txawv ntawm hemoglobin hauv tus neeg laus. Nws muaj peev xwm muab cov pa oxygen ntau dua li niaj zaus, kom tag nrho lub cev ntawm tus menyuam tau saturated nrog oxygen.
Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov no, tus menyuam yug tshiab lub hemoglobin yuav tsum muaj li ntawm 180 txog 220 grams ib liter. Qhov ntsuas no yog tus qauv rau tus menyuam hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Yog li, tus nqi qis dua 180 yog suav tias yog qhov ntsuas ntawm hemoglobin qis.
Ntawm no yog qhov Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky hais txog qhov qis hemoglobin hauv cov menyuam mos:
Lub tswv yim ntawm tus qauv yog qhov txheeb ze heev thiab feem ntau nyob ntawm seb tus menyuam yug tshiab puas yog menyuam yaus lossis ib xyoos, tab sis kuj tseem nyob ntawm tus menyuam yug li cas (naturally lossis los ntawm kev ua haujlwm caesarean), ntawm lub sijhawm twg thiab qhov hnyav npaum li cas, leej niam mob thaum cev xeeb tub. Tsawg hemoglobin tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau tsis txaus. Nws kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam txog qhov tsis muaj qhov tseebcov vitamins, piv txwv li, vitamin B12, folic acid, tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev noj haus thiab kev ua neej (me me lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm tus menyuam) - tag nrho cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qib hemoglobin. Thaum kawg, qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm congenital anemia tuaj yeem ua tau. Feem ntau, yog tias tus menyuam muaj hemoglobin qis, uas tsis nce nrog kev pab ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob, ces qhov no yog lub sijhawm hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb - kws kho mob hematologist.
Yog vim li cas thiaj ua txhaum
Lub ntsiab ua rau qis hemoglobin hauv cov menyuam mos muaj xws li:
- poob ntshav tseem ceeb;
- tsis haum hlau nqus tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov kab mob tsis tshwj xeeb ulcerative colitis thiab lwm yam pathologies;
- nce hlau noj vim muaj kab mob ntev lossis kab mob hauv lub plawv;
- kho cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm pathological txheej txheem los ntawm macrophages.
Kev ntshav rov qab ua rau lub cev tsis muaj hlau, uas pib tshwm sim nws tus kheej li latent, thiab tom qab overt anemia. Feem ntau, cov ntshav poob hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tej zaum yuav yog kev loj hlob ntawm diaphragmatic hernia, ulcerative colitis, hemorrhagic kab mob, cerebral hemorrhage.
Impaired absorption ntawm hlau tej zaum yuav yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm resection ntawm cov hnyuv me, uas yog feem ntau yog ineffectiveness ntawm kev kho mob.
Nyob hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab, kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Qee zaum nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob ntev lossis kab mob sib txuas. Thaum tus me nyuam mob nrog cov kab mob zoo li no, cov hlau tsis siv rau hauvCov txheej txheem ntawm erythropoiesis (hematopoiesis), thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Iron deficiency anemia tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov menyuam mos uas tsis muaj kev noj qab haus huv lossis tsis muaj zog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam uas nws niam thaum cev xeeb tub tsis muaj zaub mov zoo thiab tsis tsim cov hlau rau tus menyuam.
Risk factors
Qhov pheej hmoo rau kev tsim cov hemoglobin qis yog:
- menyuam ntxaib los yog menyuam ntxaib;
- menyuam mos uas nws niam tsis muaj zaub mov noj thaum cev xeeb tub;
- menyuam mos noj tshis lossis nyuj nyuj;
- cov me nyuam muaj mob tshwm sim;
- me nyuam mos liab;
- tus me nyuam uas nws cov txheeb ze muaj tus kab mob hemolytic.
Symptomatics
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hemoglobin qis hauv cov menyuam mos yog nyob ntawm qib ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog. Qhov loj dua qhov tsis txaus, qhov nthuav tawm ntau yuav yog daim duab ntawm tus kab mob thiab tus mob ntawm tus menyuam.
Cov cim qhia tias tsis muaj hlau:
- pluag lossis tsis qab los;
- me nyuam tsaug zog ntev heev thaum hmo ntuj thiab tsis tshua sawv ntawm nws tus kheej noj;
- tus me nyuam tau txo qis kev ua si thiab tsis muaj zog;
- daim tawv nqaij tig daj;
- txo qis zog ntawm lub plawv tones;
- mob siab tshwm sim;
- ciam teb nthuav davlub siab;
- develops txheeb ze valvular insufficiency;
- tshwm sim systolic yws hauv plawv;
- mob ntshav qab zib hnyav, muaj cov cim qhia ntawm lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm (pastosity, o ntawm ob txhais ceg).
Nrog rau qhov mob ntshav qab zib ntev ntev, cerebral hypoxia tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov kab mob endocrine tshwm sim vim qhov tsis muaj oxygen hauv cov thyroid caj pas, cov plaub hau poob tawm, daim tawv nqaij qhuav, o tshwm sim, thiab fontanel tsis loj hlob zoo. Thaum lub secretory kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab, pancreas thiab daim siab raug cuam tshuam, kev loj hlob ntawm dyspeptic syndrome pib, qhov tshwm sim uas yog cem quav lossis raws plab. Kev ua pa tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim, ua rau ua pa nce ntxiv.
Yog tias cov hemoglobin qis hauv tus menyuam mos yog vim muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm hemolytic anemia, ces cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yuav yellowness ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Dab tsi ntawm qhov zais thiab pom tseeb tsis muaj hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm latent deficiency, tseem tsis tau muaj cov tsos mob, tab sis nws yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas. Txij li thaum hais lus tsis txaus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hlau, thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj kev loj hlob muaj cov tsos mob pom tseeb thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev.
Muaj teeb meem thiab qhov tshwm sim
Qhov ua rau thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hemoglobin qis hauv cov menyuam mos muaj kev sib raug zoo. Lawv feem ntau tshwm sim vim tsis muaj kev kho mob rau cov ntshav qab zib ntev. Cov pa oxygen tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb rau qee lub cev ntawm tus menyuam. Cells yog thawj zaug raug kev txom nyem los ntawm oxygen tshaib plabhlwb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho laj thawj rau kev loj hlob tsis zoo tom ntej ntawm tus menyuam. Tsawg hemoglobin ua rau txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv, vim tias tus menyuam mos tuaj yeem mob ntau zaus.
Cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias qhov ua rau qis hemoglobin yog qhov tshwm sim los yog kis kab mob hemolytic. Hauv qhov no, tus nqi ntawm bilirubin hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav nce, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau lub hlwb.
Diagnosis
pib ntawm kev kuaj mob qis hemoglobin hauv cov menyuam mos yog kev kuaj pom. Cov tawv nqaij daj ntseg thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias yuav yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab rau kev kuaj ntxiv.
Kev kuaj pib nrog kev mloog cov lus yws systolic ntawm lub siab ntawm lub siab. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav txhawm rau txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm cov hlau. Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv, kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov ntshav yog ua. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, tab sis nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, vim tias cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tuaj yeem lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev kuaj pom zoo.
Kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb heev vim tias nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab qhov mob hnyav. Thaum kuaj ntshav, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov xim ntsuas. Kev txo qis hauv lawv qib qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau tsis txaus.
Tus menyuam mos raug kuaj raws li cov hauv qab no:
- tus menyuam yug tshiab muaj qib hemoglobin qis - tsawg dua 180 grams ibliter;
- xim ntsuas txo qis dua 0.85;
- ntau tshaj 20% ntawm cov qe ntshav liab muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 6;
- MCV, MCH thiab MCHC downgraded.
txheej txheem kho
Kev kho cov hemoglobin qis hauv cov menyuam mos thiab ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob ncaj qha, txij li kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov tsis txaus.
Kev kho mob ntshav qab zib suav nrog kev ua tiav ob lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus nrog kev pab ntawm kev kho kab mob.
Niam nug: "Yuav ua li cas nrog cov hemoglobin qis hauv cov menyuam mos?". Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv yuav tsum kho lawv cov zaub mov lossis hloov cov khoom sib xyaw rau tus menyuam, nrog rau kev kho nrog cov tshuaj muaj hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam no tuaj yeem ua tau raws li tus kws kho mob qhia.
Iron-muaj kev npaj qee zaum tuaj yeem zam tsis zoo vim tias lawv yuav tsum tau xaiv tus kheej. Kev ua siab ntev tsis zoo tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm belching, saj hauv qhov ncauj, tsam plab, raws plab.
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yuav tsum tau noj los ntawm qhov ncauj. Ua ke nrog lawv, kev noj cov tshuaj ascorbic acid yog tsim, vim nws pab txhawb kev nqus hlau zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj kuj cuam tshuam rau kev nqus ntawm hlau - hlau yog absorbed zoo dua los ntawm kev npaj ua kua.
Yog tias plab hnyuv malabsorption, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj ntxiv rau cov hlab ntsha.
Saib xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav. Tom qab 10 hnub txij li pib kho, thawj tswjkev tshuaj xyuas ua rau muaj kev teem caij tshwj xeeb.
Vitamins rau qis hemoglobin hauv cov menyuam mos yuav tsum tau muab ua kev kho mob.
ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv qis hemoglobin hauv tus menyuam yog kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem txo nws qib mus rau qib tseem ceeb. Cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation kuj yuav tsum tau noj cov vitamins uas muaj hlau. Cov me nyuam ntxov ntxov thiab cov me nyuam mos uas nws niam yog anemic yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau teem los ntawm tus kws kho mob.
