Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom

Cov txheej txheem:

Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom
Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom

Video: Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom

Video: Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom
Video: СЛАВА ГОСПОДА ИИСУСА, НАРОДЫ 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Musculoskeletal pathology, xws li hip dysplasia, uas lub tswv yim ntawm lub kaum sab xis acetabular ncaj qha cuam tshuam, tsis yog kab lus. Tau ntau lub hlis, cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Xav txog qhov ua rau thiab cov cim qhia ntawm dysplasia hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv cov menyuam yaus txog li ib xyoos, peb yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev kho mob dab tsi, yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob

Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm 6 lub hlis
Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm 6 lub hlis

Hip dysplasia yog ib qho kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm lub ligamentous apparatus uas tuav cov pob txha pelvic (qhov loj tshaj plaws sib koom nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev) txhim kho tsis tiav los yog tsis raug.

Lub taub hau ntawm tus femur rests tawm tsam pob txha pelvic ntawm qhov chaw hu ua acetabulum. Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tsis tsim nyog, ces tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo, vim tias cov ligaments tau ncab thiab lub taub hau poob tawm ntawm kab noj hniav.

Feem ntau nrog qhov nopathology ntsib cov niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam mus txog ib xyoos. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ligaments ntawm tus me nyuam yog heev elastic. Qhov no tso cai rau nws hla tus kwj dej yug ntawm leej niam yam tsis muaj txim. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txhua tus me nyuam yug tshiab, qhov immaturity ntawm lub duav pob qij txha tau sau tseg. Thaum nws yug los, ib tug active articulation tshwm sim, uas kav rau ib xyoos (ntau zog nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej). Yog tias lub sijhawm no qhov kev sib koom ua ke tsim tsis raug, thiab lub kaum sab xis acetabular deviates ntau dua li ib txwm, nws yog ib txwm hais txog dysplasia.

Nyob rau hauv 9 ntawm 10 tus neeg mob, dysplasia cuam tshuam rau cov ntxhais, txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov laj thawj tseeb ntawm cov kab mob no. Feem ntau nws yog txuam nrog lub sij hawm ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hormonal uas cuam tshuam rau tus poj niam hauv nws thawj zaug cev xeeb tub uas ligaments tuaj yeem ua rau elastic heev.

Acetabular cov ces kaum ntawm 3 lub hlis
Acetabular cov ces kaum ntawm 3 lub hlis

Degrees thiab hom kab mob

Nws yog kev cai los tham txog dysplasia nyob ntawm qib ntawm pathology:

  • Thawj (pre-luxation) - kev ua txhaum me me uas tsis ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm lub duav sib koom ua ke, uas yog, kev sib txawv ntawm lub kaum sab xis acetabular los ntawm cov qauv.
  • Second (subluxation) - lub taub hau femoral yog ib feem ntawm acetabulum.
  • Thib peb (congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav) - lub taub hau femoral kiag li tawm ntawm acetabulum, thiab qhov chaw uas tau tso tawm yog ntim nrog cov ntaub so ntswg (xws li pathology yuav tsum tau kho tam sim - txo).

Ultrasound tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov txawv txav me me hauv kev sib koom ua ke.

Hom dysplasiahip:

  • Acetabular - kab mob uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau acetabulum.
  • Rotary - cov pob txha tsis raug tso cai.
  • Ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm cov pob txha femur, kev txhim kho ntawm cov pob qij txha tau pom.

Cov neeg laus tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no. Yog tias thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm lub duav sib koom ua ke thiab kev ntsuas kev kho kom tsim nyog tsis tau ua, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg laus uas twb muaj lawm, mus txog qhov tsis taus.

Congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav

Thaum ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tsis zoo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub duav tau kuaj pom. Nws yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab yuav tsum tau kho tam sim ntawd. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob, lameness hauv tus menyuam yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov kab mob pathology ntawm 3-4 lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam lub neej. Nws yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no nws yog kev cai los tham txog cov qauv ntawm lub kaum sab xis acetabular ntawm 3 lub hlis. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas kab mob lossis kev sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj nuj nqis.

Yog tias kuaj pom kab mob lig lossis kev kho tsis tau zoo, kev phais yog ua. Tsis muaj kev kho raws sijhawm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm coxarthrosis thiab kev tsis taus yav tom ntej.

Raws li kev txheeb cais, lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv siab dislocation tshwm sim hauv ib tus menyuam ntawm 7 txhiab tus menyuam yug tshiab. Nws cuam tshuam rau cov ntxhais ntau zaus thiab yog unilateral 2 zaug ntau dua. Txij li thaum cov pob qij txha yog qhov sib sib zog nqus, pathology tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm cov cim qhia tsis ncaj. Feem ntau qhov no yog ib qho kev txwv ntawm kev abduction. Nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam noj qab nyob zoo, lub kaum sab xis acetabular ntawm lub duav pob qij txhayog 25-29 degrees thaum yug los, thiab ob txhais ceg yog retracted 80-90 degrees. Yog tias qhov nyeem tsawg dua, nws yog ib txwm hais txog dysplasia.

ua rau ntawm pathology

Acetabular ces kaum ntawm 6 lub hlis
Acetabular ces kaum ntawm 6 lub hlis

Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub tsis tuaj yeem hais meej tias yog vim li cas hip dysplasia tshwm sim. Tab sis muaj ntau yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob:

  • Thawj yug. Cov tshuaj hormone relaxin, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau ntau thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub thawj zaug, ua rau cov pob qij txha elastic thiab mos, zoo li yog npaj ib tug poj niam rau kev yug me nyuam, tab sis qhov no cuam tshuam tsis tau tsuas yog leej niam, tab sis kuj tus me nyuam.
  • Fetal luj tshaj 3.5 kg. Xws li tus me nyuam raug suav hais tias loj. Thaum lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm tus kwj dej yug me nyuam, nws muaj lub siab ntau dua ntawm lub duav pob qij txha (qhov no, sab laug sab laug ntau dua).
  • Nyob ib tug ntxhais. Xwm yog txheej txheem nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas nws yog poj niam lub cev uas yog ntau yas, yog li nws yog heev nquag mus rau dysplasia.
  • breech presentation.
  • Hereditary predisposition - ntau zaus dhau ntawm tus niam.

Symptomatics

Yog tias koj pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub kaum sab xis acetabular nkaus xwb nrog kev pab ntawm ultrasound lossis x-rays, ces dysplasia (nyob ntawm qhov degree) tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj pom. Ob tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus niam ua tau li no.

Cov cim qhia tias hip dysplasia:

  • Cov quav ntawm ob txhais ceg tsis sib haum. Lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov duab, qhov tob thiab nyob ntawm ntau theem, uas ua rau pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2-3 xyoos.lub hlis (qhov tob tshaj li qhov quav ntawm sab qhov chaw uas pom qhov dislocation lossis subluxation). Tab sis asymmetry kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov menyuam noj qab haus huv.
  • Nkhaus luv. Lub taub hau femoral yog hloov tom qab tus txheeb ze rau acetabulum. Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav ntawm lub duav dysplasia uas tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm kev tso tus menyuam rau ntawm nws nraub qaum thiab khoov ob txhais ceg ntawm lub hauv caug. Yog tias lawv nyob ntawm qib sib txawv, qhov kev kuaj mob tau lees paub.
  • Marx-Orttolani slip tsos mob. Nws tsis yog qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm dysplasia, txij li 60% ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov tsos mob zoo li no, tab sis nws yog siv los ua pov thawj tsis ncaj qha ntawm pathology thiab tsuas yog thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej.
  • Txoj kev txwv hauv lub duav abduction. Dysplasia yog kuaj tau yog tias ob txhais ceg yog bred ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm qis dua 80-90 degrees. Hauv tus menyuam hnub nyoog xya hli, tus qauv yog 60-70 degrees.

Diagnosis

Tus kws kho mob orthopedist tuaj yeem kuaj mob dysplasia. Ultrasound yog ua, tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib txoj kev kuaj mob kom raug rau pathology. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem tswj tau txoj kev kho mob mus li cas.

Feem ntau, yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob, x-ray raug tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem tso saib tag nrho cov duab ntawm pathology. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv cov menyuam mos yug tshiab, cov pob txha femoral muaj cov pob txha mos, uas yuav tsis pom ntawm x-ray. Yog li ntawd, qee cov tswv yim thiab kev suav yog siv.

Nws yog nrog kev pab ntawm X-ray kev kuaj xyuas tias lub kaum sab xis acetabular yog xam, uas yog, qhov loj ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm lub ru tsev acetabular thiab nws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej, xws li kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tau ua. Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaivmassages thiab swaddling.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov qub

Acetabular lub kaum sab xis
Acetabular lub kaum sab xis

Yog dysplasia lossis congenital dislocation ntawm lub duav yog xav tias yuav tsum tau kuaj X-ray. Siv txoj kev no, lub kaum sab xis acetabular tau txiav txim siab, uas yog, ntau npaum li cas lub hau acetabular yog qaij rau Hilgenreiner kab. Hauv thawj peb mus rau plaub lub hlis ntawm lub neej, nws qhov kev nyeem ntawv yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub kaum sab xis zoo tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 25-30 degrees. Thaum tus me nyuam loj hlob tuaj thiab lub cev tag nrho loj tuaj, lub kaum sab xis no pib maj mam txo.

Los ntawm lub xyoo, lub kaum sab xis qhia tau yog 20-25 degrees, thiab los ntawm 2-3 xyoos - 18-23 degrees. Thaum muaj tsib xyoos, lub kaum sab xis ntawm 15 degrees lossis tsawg dua yog suav tias yog tus qauv.

Tus nqi ib txwm muaj thiab qhov sib txawv yog qhia hauv qab no, raws li daim duab Graph:

  • 3-4 lub hlis - ib txwm - 25-30 degrees, 1st degree dysplasia (subluxation) 30-35 degrees, dislocation - 35-40, nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm ntau tshaj 40 degrees lawv hais txog qhov siab dislocation.
  • 5 lub hlis - 2 xyoos - ib txwm - 20-25 degrees, subluxation - 25-30, dislocation - 30-35, mob hnyav - ntau dua 35 degrees;
  • 2-3 xyoos - ib txwm - 18-23 degrees, 1st degree - 23-28, 2nd degree - 28-33, 3rd degree - ntau dua 33.

Yog tias lub kaum sab xis acetabular thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 xyoos hauv tus menyuam yaus tshaj li tus qauv, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias lub hauv paus caj dab dysplasia lossis mob neuromuscular. Qhov taw qhia hauv qab no yog qhov zoo rau cov menyuam mos uas muaj tus mob Down thiab achondroplasia.

Nquag, hauv ib tus neeg laus, lub kaum sab xis sib txawv ntawm 33-38 degrees. Cov nqi nruab nrab suav nrog cov ntsuas 39 thiab46 degrees, ntawm 47 nws yog kev cai los tham txog dysplasia.

Acetabular ces kaum ntawm 3 lub hlis

Acetabular kaum ib xyoo
Acetabular kaum ib xyoo

Thaum tus me nyuam muaj 3 lub hlis, tus kws kho mob xa nws mus rau tus kws kho mob orthopedist. Kev hla qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tsis pom zoo, vim nws nyob ntawm no uas tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub duav pob qij txha. Tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, tom qab ua qhov kev kuaj pom, tuaj yeem pom dysplasia. Yog tias kuaj pom hauv tsev kho mob maternity, tus menyuam yuav raug xa mus rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Lub taub hau ntawm femur, uas tsis yog qhov chaw kom raug, tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov sib txheeb ntawm acetabulum, hloov cov qauv ntawm kev sib koom tes. Qhov no yog li cas pre-luxation, subluxation thiab dislocation tshwm sim, uas yog, peb degrees ntawm dysplasia. Qhov ntau dua lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination lossis qhov ntsuas acetabular, qhov siab dua qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm lub duav sib koom yav tom ntej.

Piv txwv li, yog tias cov duab ib txwm nyob ntawm peb lub hlis yuav tsum yog 25-30 degrees, ces tus qauv ntawm lub kaum sab xis acetabular ntawm 6 lub hlis yog qis qis thiab txawv ntawm 20 txog 25 degrees. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov tub hluas, raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination yog ib tug ob peb qhov ntsuas qis dua nyob rau hauv cov ntxhais. Tias yog vim li cas lawv tsis hloov pauv thiab phaj zoo li. Feem ntau, dysplasia hauv cov menyuam yaus yog ib leeg.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, pathology yuav tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhua txoj kev, yog li tsis yog txhua tus niam pom qhov sib txawv. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab txog cov kab mob hauv 3-4 lub hlis, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev rov ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev mob tsawg kawg nkaus hauv yuav luag 100% ntawm cov neeg mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob nco ib qho kev sab laj orthopedic.

Acetabular kaum ib xyoos

Yog tias tsis kuaj pom dysplasia hauv lub sijhawm (ua ntej tus menyuam muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos), qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tab sis txawm nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau cov niam txiv los txiav txim siab ua txhaum cai ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub duav sib koom. Qhov no yuav qhia tau los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

  • Me nyuam yaus muaj 1 xyoos tab sis tsis muaj lub siab xav taug kev lossis sawv kiag li.
  • Tus me nyuam twb taug kev, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lub gait yog "duck" (rolls ntawm ib sab mus rau lwm qhov).
  • Zoo tshaj tawm lumbar nkhaus.
  • Kev txwv kev txav mus los thaum kis ob txhais ceg, asymmetric folds lossis qis qis ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv.

Tus qauv ntawm acetabular kaum ib xyoos hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum yog 20-25 degrees. Hauv cov ntxhais, txoj kab nqes (uas yog, lub kaum sab xis) yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov tub hluas, nyob ntawm seb lub cev nta ntawm lub cev. Qhov siab dua qhov ntsuas, qhov qhia tau ntau dua cov cim qhia ntawm pathology thiab siab dua qib ntawm dysplasia.

Kev kho mob

Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom
Acetabular lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub duav sib koom

Thaum dysplasia raug kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, piv txwv li, nrog cov ces kaum acetabular nce me ntsis ntawm 6 lub hlis, kev kho kom zoo yog nqa tawm. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb orthopedic, nrog kev pab ntawm tus me nyuam ob txhais ceg yuav raug kho nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm sib nrauj. Nws tuaj yeem yog Frejka hauv ncoo, swaddling nrog ob daim pawm ntawm ob txhais ceg, Pavlik's stirrups, bandages, Becker panties, elastic splints.

Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua cov kev kho mob thiab kev zaws tshwj xeeb, uas yuav tsis tsuas yog pab ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg thiabpob qij txha, tab sis kuj yog kev txhim kho ntawm lub cev me me tag nrho. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv rau txhua theem ntawm kev kho thiab thaum lub sijhawm rov qab los.

Yog tias kuaj pom qhov mob hnyav (qib 3 dysplasia), coxite dressings, Volkov lossis Vilensky splints raug qhia rau kev siv. Kev kho phais kuj tseem ua tau yog tias kev kho mob tsis zoo.

Acetabular cov ces kaum ntawm 1 xyoo
Acetabular cov ces kaum ntawm 1 xyoo

Yuav ua li cas ceeb toom

Tsis muaj kev sib tw nruj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hip dysplasia los ntawm ob peb zaug. Kev swaddling dav yog ua tau thaum tus menyuam ob txhais ceg tsis nqis los. Yog tias tsis yog, koj tuaj yeem tso cov khoom ua si mos lossis hauv ncoo ntawm lawv.

Cov pawm yog ib txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab niaj hnub pab rau cov niam txiv. Lawv tsis tso cai rau ob txhais ceg kaw (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj puv), uas yog kev tiv thaiv zoo heev ntawm dysplasia. Koj tseem tuaj yeem nqa cov ntaub qhwv ob peb qhov loj dua.

Nqa lub hnab ev ntawv, lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb kuj yog kev tiv thaiv zoo heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas raws sij hawm (tsis pub dhau rau lub hlis ntawm tus me nyuam). Yog tias qhov teeb meem tsis raug txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm raws sijhawm, yav tom ntej tus menyuam tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev tsis raug thiab tawm mus, nws yuav ntsib teeb meem loj nrog rau lub cev musculoskeletal.

Zoo kawg

Dysplasia, uas tau kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog txog li ib xyoos, nrog rau kev ua raws li kev ntsuas kev kho mob, yuav luag 100% ntawm cov neeg mob xaus rau kev kho tiav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xyuam xim rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm koj tus menyuam thiab kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob orthopedic hauv lub sijhawm, leej twg yuav tsis tsuasib qho kev kawm dav, tab sis kuj tau sau cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog.

Pom zoo: