History of psychiatry. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Cov txheej txheem:

History of psychiatry. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws
History of psychiatry. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Video: History of psychiatry. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Video: History of psychiatry. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, nws cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov dej num.

Cov kev qhuab qhia kho mob uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog etiology, kev nthuav dav, kev kuaj mob, pathogenesis, kev kho mob, kev kuaj mob, kev kuaj mob, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws yog kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm

Nws tsom ntsoov rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

txoj cai kev puas hlwb
txoj cai kev puas hlwb

Cov dej num ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws muaj raws li hauv qab no:

  • kuaj mob hlwb;
  • kev kawm ntawm chav kawm, etiopathogenesis, chaw kho mob thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob puas hlwb;
  • tsom xam ntawm kev kis mob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws;
  • Kev kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob pathomorphosis ntawm kev puas hlwb;
  • txhim kho txoj hauv kev kho mob hlwb;
  • txhim kho txoj hauv kev rau kev rov kho cov neeg mob uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws;
  • txhim kho txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv tib neeg;
  • koom haum pab cov pej xeem hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws raws li kev tshawb fawb yuav piav qhia luv luv hauv qab no.

History of Science

Raws li Yu. Kannabih, cov theem hauv qab no yog qhov txawv ntawm kev txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws:

  • Lub sijhawm ua ntej kev tshawb fawb - txij li lub sijhawm qub mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj qub. Cov kev soj ntsuam uas tau sau tseg hauv mythology hauv daim duab yog haphazardly sau. Cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig phenomena thiab cov khoom nrog tus ntsuj plig, uas yog hu ua animism. Kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev tuag raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus txiv neej thaum ub. Nws ntseeg hais tias tus ntsuj plig tawm hauv lub cev hauv kev npau suav, pom ntau yam xwm txheej, koom nrog hauv lawv, taug kev, thiab txhua yam no tshwm sim hauv kev npau suav. Yog tus ntsuj plig tso tseg thiab tsis rov qab los ces tus ntawd tuag.
  • Ancient Greco-Roman tshuaj (7th century BC - 3rd century AD). Cov kab mob puas siab puas ntsws raug suav hais tias yog cov xwm txheej ntuj tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua. Kev nkag siab txog kev cai dab qhuas-magical ntawm pathologies tau hloov los ntawm metaphysical thiab, rau qee qhov, kev tshawb fawb-qhov tseeb. Somatocentrism ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, Hippocrates suav tias yog hysteria qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathologies ntawm lub tsev menyuam, melancholy (kev nyuaj siab) - bile stasis.
  • Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab - kev poob ntawm tib neeg kev xav, kev kawm txuj ci thiab kev paub txog mysticism. Cov tshuaj siv tau rov qab mus rau mystical-kev cai dab qhuas thiab animistic mus kom ze. Lub sijhawm ntawd, dab phem kev xav ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yeej yeej.
phau ntawv ntawm psychiatry
phau ntawv ntawm psychiatry
  • Renaissance - kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb tau vam meej, thiab nrog nws keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tau txhim kho.
  • thib ob ib nrab ntawm 9th c. - 1890 Nws. Lub sijhawm no, cov kev taw qhia kho mob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws yog kev loj hlob zuj zus. Systematization nyob rau hauv kev kawmntawm tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam soj ntsuam, cov tsos mob psychiatry yog tsim, cov tsos mob complexes piav.
  • Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th (txog kaum xyoo dhau los) yog theem nosological hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Tam sim no, keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tau nres ntawm qhov no.

Txoj kev ciam teb ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv nosological puas siab puas ntsws tau hloov kho tas li raws li kev paub tau sau tseg, los txog rau niaj hnub no, thaum cov kab mob feem ntau tsis raug cais los ntawm cov yam ntxwv etiological.

Cia peb saib cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Nosological direction

Nws tus tsim yog Krepellin, uas ntseeg tias txhua tus neeg mob - ib chav nosological - yuav tsum ua raws li cov hauv qab no: cov tsos mob tib yam, ib qho ua rau, qhov tshwm sim, chav kawm, kev hloov pauv anatomical. Nws cov thwjtim, Korsakov thiab Kandinsky, nrhiav kev piav qhia txog kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab Bayle tau hu ua tus tuag tes tuag taw. Txoj kev piav qhia yog thawj.

Syndromic and eclectic directions

Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia syndromological, kev puas siab puas ntsws raug cais raws li kev xav ntawm psychopathological syndromes (kev nyuaj siab, delirium).

cov kws kho mob nto moo
cov kws kho mob nto moo

Eclectic (atheoretical, pragmatic) kev taw qhia tau nthuav dav tshwj xeeb thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws lub hauv paus theoretical yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj hauv kev los cuam tshuam cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau cov lus qhia thiab ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws. Qhov teeb meem yog qhov txawv raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus nosological, yog tias nwsqhov ua rau paub, piv txwv li, kev haus dej cawv, kev quav yeeb tshuaj, senile dementia. Yog tias qhov ua rau tsis meej, thiab cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb tsis tau tsim, ces lawv tig mus rau cov kev taw qhia syndromological lossis psychoanalytic.

Psychoanalytic direction

Txoj kev xav psychoanalytic yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Z. Freud, uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev xav txog kev xav txog kev xav ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm, uas yog ua raws li txoj hauj lwm uas kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis nco qab tsis sib haum xeeb (tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib deev.) tswj tus cwj pwm. Tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias kev loj hlob ntawm tus cwj pwm coincides nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum yau. Nws tau npaj ib txoj kev psychoanalytic rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob neurotic. Cov thwjtim - A. Freud, M. Klein, E. Erickson, Jung, Adler, thiab lwm yam

kev loj hlob ntawm psychiatry
kev loj hlob ntawm psychiatry

Tshuaj tiv thaiv mob hlwb

Nws tus tsim yog R. Laing. Qhov kev txav no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tshem tawm cov tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws raws li txoj hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg uas xav txawv. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov hauv qab no: lub zej zog nws tus kheej yog insane, suppresses lub siab xav mus tshaj li qhov dog dig txoj kev xav thiab kev xav. Laing txoj kev txhais ntawm psychopathology tau ua nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov hauv tib neeg. Nws ntseeg hais tias tus mob schizophrenia yog ib lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb, tus neeg ua haujlwm rau nws kom hloov mus rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo hauv lub neej. Lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kev taw qhia: F. Basaglio, D. Cooper.

Psychiatric Care Act

Txoj cai tam sim no ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws lub hom phiajtsim kom muaj kev lav phib xaub rau kev tiv thaiv kev txaus siab thiab cov cai ntawm cov neeg uas raug kev puas siab puas ntsws. Cov pej xeem pawg no yog cov neeg muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov kev xav tau los ntawm lub xeev.

2.07.1992 Tsoom fwv txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau kev kho mob hlwb thiab kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov cai ntawm cov pej xeem hauv nws qhov kev muab" No. 3185-1 tau pib siv. Daim nqi no tsim cov npe kev lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv rau cov neeg uas nws lub hlwb xav tau kev pab kho mob.

keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws
keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Content of law

Txoj cai muaj rau ntu thiab tsib caug kab lus. Lawv piav qhia:

  • kev cai dav dav ntawm cov neeg mob txoj cai, kev kuaj mob hlwb, cov cai ntawm kev saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam.;
  • kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv thiab kev saib xyuas mob hlwb;
  • cov kws kho mob thiab cov tsev kho mob uas kho cov neeg mob, lawv cov lus siv thiab cov cai;
  • hom kev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws tau muab thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev siv;
  • nyuaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob thiab cov tsev kho mob uas muab kev txhawb nqa;
  • tswj hwm los ntawm tus kws lij choj lub chaw haujlwm thiab lub xeev dhau qhov txheej txheem no.

Ntiaj teb nto moo psychiatrists

  • Sigmund Freud - tau piav qhia tib neeg tus cwj pwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thawj zaug. Tus kws tshawb fawb qhov kev tshawb pom tau tsim thawj qhov kev xav loj ntawm tus kheej hauv kev tshawb fawb, uas tsis yog los ntawm kev kwv yees, tab sis ntawm kev soj ntsuam.
  • Carl Jung - nws analyticalKev puas siab puas ntsws tau txais ntau cov thwjtim ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab cov kws tshaj lij tshaj li cov kws kho mob hlwb. Txoj hauv kev teleological ua haujlwm rau qhov tseeb tias tus neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob raug khi los ntawm nws tus kheej yav dhau los.
  • Erich Fromm yog ib tus kws tshaj lij, kws paub txog kev noj qab haus huv, kws paub txog hlwb, tus kws saib xyuas kev puas siab puas ntsws, yog ib tus tsim ntawm Freudo-Marxism thiab Neo-Freudianism. Nws humanistic psychoanalysis yog ib qho kev kho mob uas qhia txog tib neeg tus kheej.
  • Abraham Maslow yog tus kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws Asmeskas nto moo uas tau tsim kev puas siab ntsws rau tib neeg. Nws yog ib tus thawj coj los tshawb nrhiav qhov zoo ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm.
  • B. M. Bekhterev yog ib tug paub zoo txog kev puas siab puas ntsws, kws kho hlwb, kws kho mob hlwb, tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshawb fawb. Nws tau tsim cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pathology, physiology thiab lub cev ntawm lub paj hlwb, ua haujlwm ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, kev qhia txog poj niam txiv neej thiab kev xav txog kev xav. Nws kawm cwm pwm raws li kev tsom xam ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, anatomical thiab physiological txoj kev. Nws kuj nrhiav tau reflexology.
  • I. P. Pavlov - yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau hwm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, psychologist, physiologist, creator ntawm lub tswv yim hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm digestive ib ntsuj av tau thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab dua; tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm physiological loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, tus yeej ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj hauv xyoo 1904.
  • I. M. Sechenov yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab physiologist uas tsim thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv physiological nyob rau hauv Russia, tus tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab psychology thiab cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws kev tswj ntawm tus cwj pwm.
lub ntsiabthaj chaw ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws
lub ntsiabthaj chaw ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Books

Qee cov phau ntawv nrov ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws yuav muaj nyob hauv qab no.

  • I. Yalom, Existential Psychotherapy. Phau ntawv no tau mob siab rau qhov tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob, lawv qhov chaw hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tib neeg lub neej.
  • K. Naranjo "Tus cwj pwm thiab neurosis". Cuaj hom tus cwj pwm tau piav qhia, thiab cov kev hloov maj mam tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv tau tshwm sim.
  • S. Grof "Beyond the Brain". Tus sau muab ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm nthuav lub hlwb cartography, uas tsis tsuas yog cov biographical theem ntawm Z. Freud, tab sis kuj lub perinatal (perinatal) thiab transpersonal theem.
keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws
keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws

Yuav ua li cas lwm phau ntawv ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws paub?

  • N. McWilliams, Psychoanalytic Diagnostics. Ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv ntxaws, phau ntawv suav nrog cov lus pom zoo tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg siv khoom, suav nrog rau cov xwm txheej nyuaj.
  • K. G. Jung "Nco, npau suav, xav txog." Ib qho autobiography, tab sis nws txawv txawv. Tsom ntsoov rau cov xwm txheej hauv lub neej thiab theem ntawm kev paub txog qhov tsis nco qab.

Peb tau tshuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, nws cov lus qhia tseem ceeb, cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub ncauj lus.

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