Cov kab mob me tshaj plaws ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib kis hu ua kab mob. Lawv yog intracellular parasites.
Kev kis tus kab mob
Txhua tus kab mob nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob no. Lawv muaj peev xwm kis tau txhua yam nyob, nrog rau cov kab mob yooj yim tshaj plaws. Yuav luag 80% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob sib kis uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob. Muaj ntau tshaj 10 pawg loj uas muaj kab mob rau lub cev.
Tab sis kab mob tsis tuaj yeem txaus ntshai rau lawv tus tswv. Txwv tsis pub, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho ploj ntawm cov kab mob pub dawb, uas txhais tau hais tias cov kab mob kuj yuav raug rhuav tshem. Tab sis cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj zog heev. Yog tias kev tiv thaiv kab mob sai heev hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev, lawv yuav ploj mus ua ib hom tsiaj. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias cov kab mob no muaj ib tus tswv tsev, sab hauv uas lawv nyob, tsis muaj teeb meem rau yav tom ntej, thiab tib lub sijhawm lawv muaj cov kab mob tshwm sim rau lwm yam tsiaj.
Lawv rov tsim dua. Nws txhais tau tias,tias lawv cov nucleic acids thiab cov proteins raug tsim dua ua ntej. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov kab mob tau sib sau los ntawm cov khoom tsim.
Hom virions thiab txoj hauv kev kis tus kabmob
Ua ntej koj nkag siab tias cov kab mob rov ua dua tshiab hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov khoom no tuaj txog li cas. Piv txwv li, muaj cov kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm tib neeg nkaus xwb. Cov no muaj xws li qhua pias, herpes, thiab ib feem ntawm tus mob khaub thuas. Lawv kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag lossis cov xaum huab cua.
Enteroviruses, reoviruses, adenoviruses tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm zaub mov. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob papillomavirus los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog ib tus neeg (ob leeg hauv tsev thiab kev sib deev). Tab sis muaj lwm txoj kev kis tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, qee hom kab mob rhabdoviruses tuaj yeem kis tau los ntawm kev tom cov kab nqus ntshav.
Tseem muaj txoj kev kis tus kab mob parenteral. Piv txwv li, tus kab mob siab B tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev phais, kev kho hniav, hloov ntshav, pedicures, lossis manicures.
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev kis kab mob ntsug. Hauv qhov no, thaum leej niam poob mob thaum cev xeeb tub, tus menyuam hauv plab raug cuam tshuam.
Kev piav qhia ntawm tus kab mob
Tau ntev heev, cov kab mob ua rau cov kab mob feem ntau raug txiav txim tsuas yog los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj kom pom cov kab mob pathogenic no tsuas yog thaum lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tau tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem tshawb pom tias cov kab mob kis tau li cas.
Cov kab mob no sib txawv me me. Qee tus ntawm lawv zoo ib yam li cov kab mob me me. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog ze rau qhov loj ntawm cov protein molecules. Txhawm rau ntsuas lawv, tus nqi raws cai yog siv - nanometer, uas yog sib npaug rau ib lab ntawm ib millimeter. Lawv tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 20 mus rau ntau pua nanometers. Nyob rau hauv tsos, lawv zoo ib yam li sticks, pob, cubes, threads, polyhedrons.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kab mob
Yuav kom nkag siab tias cov kab mob kis tau zoo li cas hauv cov hlwb, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lawv cov ntsiab lus. Cov kab mob yooj yim yog tsim los ntawm nucleic acid thiab cov proteins. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj feem yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Lawv muaj tsuas yog ib hom nucleic acid - nws tuaj yeem yog DNA lossis RNA. Lawv qhov kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv no.
Yog hais tias hauv cov kab mob ntawm tes yog cov khoom ntawm lub cev nyob, ces sab nraum lawv yog inert nucleoproteins hu ua virions. Proteins yog lawv cov khoom tseem ceeb. Tab sis lawv txawv ntawm ntau hom kab mob. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lawv tuaj yeem lees paub siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tsis yog cov kab mob yooj yim xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov kab mob nyuaj dua. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem suav nrog lipids, carbohydrates. Txhua pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov rog, cov protein, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. Ib txhia ntawm lawv txawm muaj enzymes.
Pib txheej txheem yug me nyuam
Viruses yog suav tias yog cov kab mob tsis muaj kab mob. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua neej nyob tshwj tsis yog lawv ua rau raug mob. Lawv pathologicalqhov kev txiav txim yog raws li qhov tseeb tias, los ntawm kev sib faib, lawv tua cov cell uas lawv nyob.
Koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim li cas yog tias koj xav txog qhov nthuav dav li cas cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, thiab yuav ua li cas tom qab ntawd. Virions tuaj yeem xav tias yog ib feem uas muaj DNA (lossis RNA) nyob rau hauv cov ntaub qhwv protein. Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob pib tsuas yog tom qab cov kab mob txuas nrog rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes, mus rau nws cov plasma membrane. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias txhua virion tuaj yeem txuas rau qee hom hlwb uas muaj cov receptors tshwj xeeb. Ib lub xovtooj tuaj yeem ua kom haum tau ntau pua tus kab mob.
Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm viropexis pib. Lub cell nws tus kheej kos rau hauv cov virions txuas. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib qhov "undressing" ntawm cov kab mob. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug complex ntawm enzymes nkag mus rau hauv lub cell, lub plhaub protein ntawm tus kab mob dissolves thiab cov nucleic acid yog tso tawm. Nws yog nws uas dhau los ntawm cov channel ntawm lub cell mus rau hauv nws cov nucleus lossis tseem nyob hauv cytoplasm. Acid yog lub luag haujlwm tsis yog rau kev tsim cov kab mob, tab sis kuj rau lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces. Tus kheej cov metabolism hauv hlwb raug txwv, txhua lub zog raug coj los tsim cov khoom tshiab ntawm cov kab mob.
txheej txheem txheej txheem
Nucleic acid ntawm tus kab mob no tau muab tso rau hauv DNA ntawm lub cell. Sab hauv, ntau cov ntawv luam ntawm kab mob DNA (RNA) pib nquag tsim, qhov no yog ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm polymerases. Qee cov khoom tsim tshiab tau txuas nrog ribosomes, qhov twg cov txheej txheem ntawm synthesis ntawm cov proteins tshiab tshwm sim.virus.
Thaum muaj cov kab mob txaus txaus, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yuav pib. Nws hla ze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias tshiab virions yog assembled los ntawm cov khoom. Nov yog qhov kab mob rov tsim dua.
Nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshiab tsim virions, hais txog ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau hauv uas lawv nyob tau raug ntes tau. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv tsim xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias lawv tau ntim rau hauv cov txheej txheem cellular.
Kev ua kom tiav
Thaum cov txheej txheem sib sau xaus, cov kab mob tawm ntawm lawv thawj tus tswv. Cov xeeb ntxwv tsim tawm thiab pib kis cov kab mob tshiab. Cov kab mob kis ncaj qha rau hauv cov cell. Tab sis thaum kawg lawv raug puas tsuaj tag nrho lossis ib nrab puas lawm.
Muaj cov kab mob tshiab, cov kab mob pib ua kom muaj zog hauv lawv. Lub voj voog rov tsim dua. Yuav ua li cas cov virions generated yuav tawm yog nyob ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob uas lawv koom. Piv txwv li, enteroviruses yog tus cwj pwm uas lawv raug tso tawm sai sai rau hauv ib puag ncig. Tab sis tus kab mob herpes, reoviruses, orthomyxoviruses tawm thaum lawv loj tuaj. Ua ntej lawv tuag, lawv tuaj yeem mus dhau ntau lub voj voog ntawm kev tsim tawm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov peev txheej ntawm tes tau ploj lawm.
Kev kuaj mob
Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob hauv qee kis yog nrog los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms tuaj yeem sib sau hauv cov hlwb, tsim cov pob zeb zoo li pob zeb. Cov kws tshaj lij hu lawv lub cevsuav nrog.
Piv txwv li, nrog mob khaub thuas, kab mob me me lossis kab mob dev vwm, cov khoom sib xyaw no muaj nyob hauv cytoplasm ntawm cov hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-lub caij ntuj sov encephalitis, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, thaum nyob rau hauv lwm yam kab mob lawv muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv thiab muaj. Cov cim no yog siv los kuaj kab mob. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj raws nraim cov txheej txheem ntawm tus kab mob reproduction.
Piv txwv li, thaum lub oval lossis round formations pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb epithelial, lawv hais txog cov kab mob me. Cytoplasmic accumululations nyob rau hauv lub hlwb hlwb yog qhia tias tus kab mob rabies.
Txoj kev kab mob rov tsim dua yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, cov virions nkag mus rau lub hlwb uas haum rau lawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem tso tawm nucleic acids thiab tsim "blanks" ntawm qhov chaw rau cov kab mob pathogenic yav tom ntej pib. Cov txheej txheem luam tawm xaus nrog kev ua tiav ntawm cov virions tshiab uas tau tso rau hauv ib puag ncig. Nws yog txaus los cuam tshuam ib qho ntawm cov theem ntawm lub voj voog kom qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob raug tso tseg lossis lawv pib tsim cov xeeb ntxwv tsis zoo.
