Peb txhua tus zoo li peb niam txiv. Lub qhov muag xiav, mole ntawm tes, cov plaub hau daj lossis khoom plig los ua si piano - tag nrho cov no peb, ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, tau txais los ntawm peb cov txheeb ze. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob txaus ntshai kuj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig. Cancer, hemophilia, ntshav qab zib, Alzheimer's disease, AIDS, hawb pob - thiab qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm koj cov txheeb ze. Tab sis nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem uas ib tug science tshwm sim uas yog destined los hloov peb lub neej yav tom ntej. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws tseem ceeb hauv peb lub sijhawm, koj yuav kawm los ntawm kab lus no.
Biology thiab tshuaj
Biology (los ntawm Greek "bio" - lub neej, "logos" - kev qhia) yog kev tshawb fawb uas kawm tag nrho cov kab mob nyob, lawv kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg thiab nrog rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Biology suav nrog ntau yam kev qhuab qhia sib txawv, tab sis tag nrho lawv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv peb pawg loj raws li hom kab mob uas tau kawm: botany, zoology thiab anatomy. Botany yog kev kawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, zoology yog kev kawm tsiaj, thiab lub cev,raws, ib tug neeg. Nws yog los ntawm anatomy uas xws li ib feem ntawm biology li tshuaj originates.
Tshuaj yog cov txheej txheem theoretical thiab tswv yim kev paub txhawm rau kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj muaj ntau heev: peb tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob me, kab mob vwm, tsis txhob raug mob, vim tias muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb los tshem tawm lawv. Peb lub neej tau yooj yim dua ua tsaug rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Tab sis cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, zoo li tag nrho cov kab mob nyob, hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej tshiab (mutate) thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dua, yog li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yog ua ntej ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv yav tom ntej rau tib neeg.
Keeb kwm ntawm molecular biology
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX rau thawj zaug muaj lub rooj sib tham ntawm ob peb ntu ntawm biology: biochemistry, noob caj noob ces, virology thiab microbiology. Tom qab ua ke cov kev tshawb fawb no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsis meej pem: tsis muaj leej twg paub tias lawv qhov kev tshawb fawb yuav ua li cas thiab seb lawv puas muaj kev nkag siab txhua. Tab sis twb nyob rau xyoo 1938, tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas Varen Weaver tau qhia lub tswv yim ntawm "molecular biology", thiab xyoo 1953 qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau yug los. Ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm James Watson thiab Francis Crick tau tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Askiv xwm txheej, qhov chaw uas lawv tau tshaj tawm cov qauv ntawm DNA molecule. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1961-1965, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias muaj qee qhov kev sib txuas ntawm DNA thiab cov qauv protein: muaj cov kab mob caj ces uas tsim cov kab ke ntawm DNA nucleotides thiab amino acids hauv cov protein..
Tom qab cov kev tshawb pom no, molecular biology siv sijhawm li 15 xyootxhim kho nws cov kab ke thiab ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshiab.
Keeb kwm ntawm tshuaj molecular
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm molecular biology, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias kev kawm txog cov molecules ntawm cov organelles tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tes yuav pab tau lawv hauv tshuaj.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias keeb kwm ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau pib tsis ntev los no thiab tseem tab tom txhim kho hauv peb lub sijhawm. Ib tug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tseem ceeb yog xibfwb.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm molecular biology rau tshuaj yog siab heev. Yog tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm txog molecular biology yog DNA, RNA thiab cov protein molecules, ces rau cov tshuaj nws yog ib yam khoom uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov noob uas muaj ntau yam kab mob.
Molecular Medicine Methods
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj peb txoj kev kho mob: etiological, pathogenetic thiab cov tsos mob. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo li no yuav raug ncua, vim tias txhua txoj hauv kev no nyuaj rau ua. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej.
Etiological txoj kev kho mob cuam tshuam nrog kev thaiv qhov ua rau tus kab mob. Cov kev kho no yog tsom rau kev kho cov caj ces tsis xws luag, nrog rau kev hloov cov ntaub somatic thiab cov hlwb puas.
Txoj kev pathogenetic yog koom nrog kev tshem tawm thiab thaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob caj ces. Nws cuam tshuam cov metabolism thiab yog ua los ntawm kev kho cov kab mob metabolic thiab hormonal tsis txaus. Ib txoj hauv kev nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho mob pathogeneticyog: kev noj haus kev kho mob, inhibition ntawm enzyme kev ua si, excretion los yog hloov lub substrate (yog hais tias excreted, qhov no yog ib yam khoom uas muaj toxicity ntawm lub cev), hloov cov hlwb puas los yog cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab kev phais.
Cov tsos mob tsuas yog txo tus neeg mob tus mob. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tsos mob kho muaj lub sijhawm luv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo li no yog txo qis tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov kws kho mob siv salbutamols (cov tshuaj uas txwv cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hawb pob thiab ua pa yooj yim dua thaum muaj kev tawm tsam) rau mob hawb pob, tab sis cov tshuaj no tsuas yog thaiv cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis tsis pab kho nws.
Txoj haujlwm ntsig txog molecular biology
daim ntawv teev npe no muaj cov haujlwm uas yuav xav tau tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej.
- Bioengineer. Txoj haujlwm no tshwj xeeb hauv kev hloov cov khoom ntawm lub cev muaj sia. Ib tug bioengineer kawm txog cov qauv molecular ntawm ib hom, nws cov yam ntxwv thiab muaj peev xwm. Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li no tau koom nrog kev tsim kho cov kab mob hloov pauv, tshuaj, thiab tsim cov kabmob (piv txwv li, prostheses). Nrog rau degree hauv bioengineering, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias koj yuav tsis raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj haujlwm.
- Biotechnology suav nrog tshuaj, tshuaj thiab tshuaj genetic engineering. Biotechnologists yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, vim tias lawv txoj kev paub yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua qhov ntawm peb lub neej: hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj, tshuaj tsw qab thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, kws kho tsiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm.
- Txiv neejtus kws pab tswv yim. Ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Ib tug kws tshuaj geneticist qhia cov neeg mob txog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb no yog tias nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj, tus kws kho mob sim hloov pauv hauv tib neeg cov noob rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws pab tswv yim txog noob caj noob ces tuaj yeem xaiv cov zaub mov zoo rau koj, tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg, thiab lwm yam.
- IT geneticist. Txoj haujlwm no tsuas yog pib nws txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis twb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau peb lub neej yav tom ntej. IT geneticist tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov genome rau qee yam tsis muaj. Txoj kev kho no yuav zoo tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Tissue engineer. Ib yam li IT geneticist, nws yog txoj haujlwm loj hlob. Tus kws kho mob cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg lossis lub cev.
- Molecular nutritionist. Nws kawm txog molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zaub mov thiab tsim ib qho kev pab cuam khoom noj khoom haus rau ib tug neeg.
Institutions
Muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab muab kev kawm hauv kev kawm txog biology thiab tshuaj hauv tebchaws Russia. Yog li ntawd, hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem paub txog lub koom haum zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj molecular.
St. Petersburg State University yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw uas muab sijhawm rau koj kom tau txais ib txoj haujlwm hauv kev kho mob molecular: tus kws kho mob biotechnologist, kws kho caj ces, kws kho tsiaj molecular thiab ntau lwm yam tshwj xeeb. Cov qhab nia dhau xyoo 2017 (rau cov peev nyiaj): los ntawm 260.
MIPT yog qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem kawm los ua tus kws tsim cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau tus kws kho mob biopharmacologist. Cov qhab nia dhau xyoo 2018: los ntawm 262.
MGU -lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem kawm rau txhua txoj haujlwm uas tau hais hauv cov npe saum toj no. Cov qhab nias dhau xyoo 2017: los ntawm 429.
ITMO yog ib lub tsev kawm qib siab zoo tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm raws li kws kho mob biotechnologist lossis bioengineer. Cov qhab nia dhau xyoo 2017: los ntawm 244.
RNIMU yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab Moscow uas qhia koj txog biomedicine. Cov qhab nias dhau xyoo 2017: los ntawm 242.
NSU yog ib lub tsev kawm qib siab uas nrhiav hauv tebchaws Russia, uas koom tes nrog cov tsev kawm txawv tebchaws. Cov qhab nia dhau xyoo 2017: los ntawm 244.
PMGMU lawv. Sechenov yog lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv Moscow uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm raws li kws kho mob biotechnologist. Cov qhab nias dhau xyoo 2017: los ntawm 242.
chaw kho mob tshuaj Molecular hauv Russia
Tag nrho peb lub tebchaws muaj ntau ntau lub chaw, chaw kho mob, tsev kho mob, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem muab sijhawm los kho peb lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv Russia.
CMD - Lub Chaw rau Molecular Tshuaj thiab Kev Ntsuas, tau muab kev kuaj xyuas txij li xyoo 1992. Laboratories ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo, thaum lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov tseeb. Koj yuav pom qhov chaw no hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow.
Lwm Lub Chaw rau Molecular Genetics tseem nyob hauv Moscow ntawm qhov chaw nyob: st. Moskvorechye, d.1. Lub chaw muab kev ntsuam xyuas rau koj los kuaj xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv ntau cov noob, cov noob caj noob ces rau ib tus kab mob tshwj xeeb, thiab tseem tsim kom muaj leej txiv lossis ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas caj ces.
Lub tuam txhab kho mob ntiag tug zoo li INVITRO tau kis thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Hauv cov chaw kho mob no, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic (tus nqi yog li 70,000-80,000 txhiab rubles), txheeb xyuas koj qhov kev xav rau kev haus dej cawv, lossis tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm qog noj ntshav. INVITRO muab kev pabcuam ntawm tus nqi pheej yig.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, hauv Irkutsk muaj Lub Tsev Kho Mob ntawm Lub Chaw Kho Mob Molecular - ib lub tsev kho mob loj tshaj plaws hauv Siberia. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tau txais lus qhia, tab sis kuj kho rau txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm koj tsev neeg.
Kev nce qib hauv tshuaj niaj hnub no
Nyob rau xyoo 2018, thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau hnov xov xwm tias cov kws kho mob hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tswj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv poj niam thaum kawg, theem plaub. Lymphocytes muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav tau pom hauv nws lub cev. Cov kws kho mob tau rov tsim dua thiab ua kom lawv cov lej ntau ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub cev. Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov lymphocytes no ua rau kom tshem tawm cov qog ua tiav hauv peb lub hlis.
Cov kws kho mob tsis ntseeg txog txoj kev no, vim nws nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas cov hlwb uas "tua" rau cov hlwb ntawm cov kab mob txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, txoj kev no tau npaj yuav siv rau lwm tus neeg mob.
rooj plaub no ua pov thawj tias molecular biology thiab tshuaj tsis sawv ntsug.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv?
Kev nce qib hauv thaj tsam ntawm molecular biology thiab genetic engineering tsis nyob twj ywm. Peb tsis muaj leej twg paub tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej. Peb muabsaib ib daim vis dis aus zoo kawg los ntawm DeeAFilm Studio channel ntawm lub ncauj lus no.
