Speech defects. Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Defectologist, hais lus kho mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Speech defects. Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Defectologist, hais lus kho mob
Speech defects. Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Defectologist, hais lus kho mob

Video: Speech defects. Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Defectologist, hais lus kho mob

Video: Speech defects. Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Defectologist, hais lus kho mob
Video: HMS PhD Hooding Ceremony, 2020 and 2021 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Hnub no peb yuav qhia koj txog yam kev hais lus tsis raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov xwm txheej zoo li no, uas tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsum hu rau yog tias tsim nyog.

hais lus tsis xws luag
hais lus tsis xws luag

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Kev hais lus tsis raug yog qhov tsis raug ntawm lub suab, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm qee yam haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej hais lus. Xws li cov kab mob pathological muaj xws li lisping, stuttering, burr, thiab lwm yam.

Raws li koj paub, tib neeg hais lus pib tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2-5 xyoos. Txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos, tus menyuam tuaj yeem hais tau 30-700 lo lus, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos lawv tuaj yeem hais lus siv cov kab lus nyuaj. Lub sijhawm no, tus menyuam cov lus muaj kwv yees li 1500 lo lus.

kev hais lus zoo li cas?

Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus nyob ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Feem ntau cov menyuam yaus xyaum lawv niam lawv txiv thiab yuav luag tag nrho lawv cov kev hais lus. Thaum lub sij hawm hais lus los yog ib lub suab nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg, muaj ntau yam sib txawv hauv nruab nrog cev, xws li cov chaw ntawm lub hlwb, cov hlab ntsha, txoj kev ua pa, cov leeg nqaij ntawm tus nplaig thiab lub ntsej muag.

Raws li cov neeg laus hais lusthiab tus me nyuam to taub meej thiab txawj hais lus ntawm txhua tsab ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib tham ntawm tus neeg yuav tsum ua kom du thiab sib dhos. Yog hais tias cov lus yog slurred, illegible thiab incomprehensible, ces lawv hais txog nws ua txhaum. Niaj hnub no, kev hais lus tsis zoo xws li hais lus tsis txaus siab, tsis muaj peev xwm hais tau tus kheej cov ntawv raug, kev ruam, thiab lwm yam.

kev hais lus tsis zoo rau cov neeg laus
kev hais lus tsis zoo rau cov neeg laus

Kev tshwm sim

Kev hais lus tsis raug rau cov neeg laus feem ntau tshwm sim vim kev phais thiab kev raug mob rau lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus (cov leeg ntawm lub larynx, suab qaum, tus nplaig, palate, hniav thiab daim di ncauj). Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li cov kab mob pathological tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxhov siab loj heev (piv txwv li, kev sib nrauj, kev ploj ntawm tus neeg hlub, thiab lwm yam).

Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov laj thawj no, kev hais lus tsis zoo feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm daim di ncauj cleft, congenital anomalies, malocclusion, tshwj xeeb qauv ntawm lub puab tsaig, tus nplaig, hniav thiab daim di ncauj, lag ntseg, thiab mob nqaij.

Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nrog cov hniav sparse lossis crooked, tib neeg yuav tsis hais cov lus kom raug. Sudden poob ntawm kev txawj ntse hais lus feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm lub hlwb.

hom tsiaj

Nyob ntawm cov tsos mob, kev hais lus tsis zoo rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj tus mob pathological, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Lub tom kawg yog lub luag haujlwm tsis yog tsuas yog txiav txim siab txog hom kev tsis xws luag, tab sis kuj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim, nrog rau kev kho lossis cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (kev tawm dag zog).

Yogxav txog cov ntsiab lus tsis xws luag hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.

yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau ntawm kev hais lus impediments
yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau ntawm kev hais lus impediments

Aphonia lossis dysphonia

Qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no tshwm sim vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv hais lus. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg zoo li no muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm phonation. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv mispronounce suab.

Tahilalia

Nov yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo, uas tau hais tawm hauv kev hais lus nrawm heev. Cov yam ntxwv no tsis muaj lub suab, grammatical lossis lexical deviations.

YBradilalia

Qhov tsis xws luag yog nrog los ntawm kev hais lus qeeb. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau ib tug neeg los ua suab dissected. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj qhov sib txawv zoo li bradyphrasia. Cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no hais lus qeeb heev. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov txheej txheem kev xav. Ob leeg ntawm cov kab mob pathological no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv zos ntawm lub hlwb.

Qhov kev hais lus tsis zoo no tshwm sim vim yog lub xeev convulsive ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub cuab yeej hais lus thiab yog nrog los ntawm kev rov ua suab nrov lossis lo lus, nres hauv kev sib tham, kev txiav txim siab, tsis sib haum xeeb hauv tempo, atherosclerosis thiab smoothness.

Dyslalia

Cov no yog phonetic defects (ua txhaum ntawm lub suab hais lus) uas tau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg uas hais lus tsim kom raug thiab ib txwm hnov.

dab tsi yog kev hais lus impediment
dab tsi yog kev hais lus impediment

Rhinolalia

Qhov no yog qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub suab hais thiab lub suab ntawm lub suab, uas tshwm sim vim kev siv lub cevua txhaum ntawm tib neeg hais lus apparatus.

YDysarthria

Qhov kev tsis zoo no tshwm sim vim tsis txaus innervation ntawm cov cuab yeej hais lus. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub subcortical thiab posterior frontal cheeb tsam ntawm lub hlwb. Nrog xws li kev sib txawv, kev txav ntawm lub cev ntawm kev hais lus (tus nplaig, palate, daim di ncauj) yog txwv. Yog li ntawd, articulation nyuaj. Hauv cov neeg laus, dysarthria tsis ua ke nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hais lus. Thaum menyuam yaus, qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem ua rau ua txhaum kev nyeem ntawv, hais lus thiab sau ntawv, nrog rau kev hais lus tsis zoo.

Alalia

Qhov no yog qhov kev hais lus tsis zoo lossis nws tsis ua tiav nrog kev hnov lus thiab kev txawj ntse. Qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav ua rau lub hlwb hemispheres thaum yug menyuam, nrog rau cov kab mob hauv lub hlwb lossis kev raug mob uas tau raug tus menyuam nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej ntawm lub neej.

Aphasia

Qhov no yog kev ua txhaum ntawm cov lus uas twb tsim lawm. Xws li qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim thaum cov lus hais ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex puas, nrog rau kev mob stroke, raug mob, cov txheej txheem inflammatory, qog thiab qee yam mob hlwb.

kho kev hais lus tsis xws luag hauv cov neeg laus
kho kev hais lus tsis xws luag hauv cov neeg laus

Kuv yuav tsum hu rau leej twg pab?

Tam sim no koj paub tias kev hais lus tsis zoo yog dab tsi. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem no raws sij hawm. Yog tias koj xav tias muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv koj tus kheej lossis koj tus neeg koj hlub, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd (defectologist, kws kho mob hais lus, otolaryngologist, kws kho hniav, kws kho mob hlwb, kws kho hniav). Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob paub txog yuav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov muaj qhov sib txawv thiab sim kho nws.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tshem tau cov lus tsis zoo?

Kev hais lus tsis raug rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus raug kho raws li tus kheej. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm qhov sib txawv, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ua txhua yam kom tshem tawm nws.

Yog hais tias muaj ib tug hais lus tsis meej nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam, ces cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov txiaj ntsig tau zoo yog nyob ntawm qhov ua ntu zus ntawm cov chav kawm, kev mob siab thiab ua siab ntev ntawm tus neeg mob.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim muaj coob tus ntawm kev hais lus tsis xws luag thiab lawv cov laj thawj, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los kho cov kev sib txawv no. Yog tias, tom qab kho tus kab mob hauv qab, tus neeg mob tsis kho, ces cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv txoj kev ua pa lossis hais lus. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kawg feem ntau tau muab tshuaj tom qab mob stroke, raug mob lossis phais.

Kho cov lus tsis zoo rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ob peb lub lis piam mus rau ob peb hlis thiab txawm xyoo.

Psychological factor

Ib tug neeg xiam oob qhab yuav tsum tsis txhob zam cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Kev ntshai ntawm kev tsis to taub yog feem ntau unfounded. Cov neeg zoo li no, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav tsum sib txuas lus ntau dua thiab niaj hnub txhim kho lawv cov lus. Tus neeg mob uas cais nws tus kheej hauv zej zog tej zaum yuav pib muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws loj.

defectologist hais lus kho mob
defectologist hais lus kho mob

Tau kawg, kev hais lus tsis zoo tsis yog kev hem thawj rau lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li cov mob pathological tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus neeg lub neej txhua hnub. Vim muaj zogkev txhawj xeeb txog kev muaj kev tsis haum rau tib neeg, kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim sai heev lossis qee yam kab mob tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, kev hais lus tsis zoo yuav tsum tau kho.

Pom zoo: