Pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

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Pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
Pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

Video: Pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Ntau zaus, qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam lossis muaj teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos. Tus mob no yuav tsum tau ceev faj saib xyuas tus menyuam los ntawm cov kws kho mob.

Cov menyuam mos uas nyuam qhuav yug los yuav muaj teeb meem nrog cov hlab plawv, uas yog hu ua pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua constriction ntawm pulmonary arterioles, raws li zoo raws li nce pulmonary vascular kuj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov ntshav pulmonary qis qis.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntsws pulmonary hypertension nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos, muaj meconium meconium nyob rau hauv lub trachea - thawj cov quav, thiab cov xim ntawm amniotic kua kuj hloov. Pathology tuaj yeem tshwm sim ob qho tib si hauv cov menyuam yug thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab lub sijhawm menyuam yaus. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov leeg nqaij leeg txhim kho tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kawgcev xeeb tub.

Rau cov menyuam mos ntxov ntxov, pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos tuaj yeem pib tsim yog tias muaj mob ua pa. Vim yog pathology, ntshav siab hauv cov hlab ntsha pulmonary pib nce. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm lub plawv, raws li txoj cai, muaj malfunctions. Vim lub load muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ventricle ntawm lub plawv, nws tag nrho los yog ib feem dysfunction tshwm sim. Qhov xwm txheej no nyuaj dua thaum muaj hypocalcemia thiab hypoglycemia - txo cov calcium thiab piam thaj hauv cov menyuam cov ntshav.

Me nyuam mos muaj teeb meem ua pa
Me nyuam mos muaj teeb meem ua pa

Disease statistics

Kom paub ntau ntxiv txog nws yog dab tsi - pulmonary hypertension, koj yuav tsum nyeem cov txheeb cais. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim hauv tsuas yog 1-2 tus menyuam yug tshiab rau ib txhiab. Yuav luag 10% ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas xav tau kev saib xyuas hnyav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm pulmonary hypertension. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias feem ntau ntawm lawv tau yug los ntawm lub sij hawm los yog me ntsis tom qab lub sij hawm.

Pulmonary hypertension yog ob peb zaug ntau dua hauv cov menyuam yaus uas yug los ntawm kev phais mob - txog 85% ntawm txhua tus neeg mob. Yuav luag tag nrho cov kev kuaj mob tau tsim rau cov menyuam mos uas yug tshiab nyob rau thawj peb hnub ntawm lawv lub neej. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev kuaj mob ntxov, nws muaj peev xwm txo tau tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuag, vim tias yog tias kev kho mob tsis pib raws sijhawm, kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov menyuam mos tuaj yeem tuag tom qab nyob ob peb hnub. Niaj hnub no, tshuaj yeej paub zoo tias nws yog dab tsi - pulmonary hypertension, yog li tus kab mob no kho tau.

Kev txhim kho kab mob

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pulmonary hypertension nyob rau hauv ob qho tag nrho cov me nyuam mos thiab tom qab lub sij hawm yog suav tias yog ib qho mob ntev ntawm asphyxia lossis hypoxia. Lub ntsiab tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yuav yog ib tug ua txhaum nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha pulmonary, uas ua rau hnyav ua pa nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hauv qab no yuav cuam tshuam cov tsos mob ntawm pathology:

  • Lub ntsws puas ntawm qhov xwm txheej hypoxic.
  • Diaphragmatic hernia tej zaum yuav ua rau mob ntsws pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos.
  • Muaj qhov nce siab hauv lub ntsws ntawm lub ntsws.
  • muaj vascular obstruction.
  • Ib tug me nyuam yug tshiab muaj sepsis.
  • Tus me nyuam mob los ntawm lub plawv tsis xws luag.
  • Thaum lub sij hawm fetal txoj kev loj hlob, muaj qeeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm phab ntsa hlab ntsha.

Yog tias cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob hauv lub ntsws tsis muaj sijhawm los txhim kho thiab loj hlob, qhov no ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab ua pa hnyav rau tus menyuam. Vim li no, muaj qhov txo qis ntawm cov hlab ntsws pulmonary uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tag nrho. Tus lej ICD-10 rau pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab yog P29.3.

Ib daim duab ntawm diaphragmatic hernia
Ib daim duab ntawm diaphragmatic hernia

Tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam

Cov kws tshaj lij kuj txheeb xyuas ntau yam ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm pulmonary hypertension hauv tus menyuam mos. Cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem raug kaw vim yog vim li cas hauv qab no:

  • ib tug poj niam tau noj cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal anti-inflammatory thaum cev xeeb tubkeeb kwm;
  • acidosis;
  • menyuam mos muaj ntshav tsis txaus hu ua polycythemia;
  • muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv;
  • intrauterine hypoxemia tshwm sim;
  • hauv plab tus menyuam tau raug hypoxia tsis tu ncua;
  • ib tug poj niam tau noj cov tshuaj uas muaj lithium thaum cev xeeb tub;
  • lwm tshuaj;
  • tso co toxins.

Persistent pulmonary hypertension yog ib yam kab mob nyuaj thiab txaus ntshai uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav txhaws thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm hauv tus menyuam mos. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub atherosclerosis ntawm lub plawv feem ntau pom, thiab tus me nyuam muaj ib tug me me qhov hnyav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab heev, tej zaum yuav muaj kev ncua ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam los yog txawm tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm no pathology, nws yog tsim nyog los txiav txim ib tug neeg cov tsos mob sai li sai tau thiab sau ntawv kho mob rau pulmonary hypertension.

Hauv cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov ua txhaum ntawm lub plawv dhia hauv plab, nrog rau kev xeeb tub tsis zoo li qub. Feem ntau, pulmonary hypertension tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam mos uas muaj kab mob plawv. Cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tus kab mob no suav nrog kev yug me nyuam nyuaj, qhov qhab nia Apgar tsawg dhau rau tus menyuam yug tshiab.

Poj niam cev xeeb tub noj tshuaj
Poj niam cev xeeb tub noj tshuaj

kab mob daim ntawv

Tsis yog cov tsos mob sib txawv thiab kev kho mob ntsws pulmonary hypertension, tab sis kuj muaj cov kab mob no. Qhov tseeb txhais ntawm daim ntawv tseem cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zookev kho mob. Pulmonary hypertension nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam mos yuav yog thawj (PHN). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam, tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm pathology, tab sis tom qab ib co sij hawm tsis tu ncua arterial hypoxemia raug pom. Daim ntawv thib ob ntawm pulmonary hypertension yog nrog los ntawm kev cia siab ntawm thawj cov quav ntawm tus menyuam (meconium), mob ntsws, pulmonary vasoconstriction (lub vascular lumen pib nqaim sai).

Pathology tuaj yeem txhim kho peb txoj hauv kev sib txawv. Hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, lub txaj pulmonary txuas ntxiv txhim kho ib txwm thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv nws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tus menyuam raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hypoxia, acidosis thiab qee yam kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej thib ob, vascular hypertrophy tshwm sim, tab sis qhov chaw hla ntu tsis txo qis. Qhov thib peb yog suav hais tias yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, thaum hypertrophy ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha tshwm sim, thiab cov kev hloov no yog qhov hloov tsis tau.

theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathology

Thaum cov menyuam yug tshiab, cov kab mob tau muab faib ua theem ib yam li cov neeg laus:

  1. thawj theem yog suav tias yog thim rov qab tag nrho, muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo. Kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov ntsuas ntshav siab hauv lub ntsws, uas ncav cuag qib 26-35 hli. ua rt. st.
  2. theem thib ob - ntsuas ntsuas siab nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 36-45 hli. ua rt. st.
  3. Thib Peb - cov ntsuas ntshav siab nce mus rau qib 46-55 mm. ua rt. st.
  4. theem plaub yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, thiab feem ntau nws txoj kev kho mob tsis coj qhov zoo. Nyob rau hauv xws licov ntaub ntawv, cov hlab ntsha siab nyob rau hauv lub ntsws ntsws yuav siab tshaj 55 mm. ua rt. st.

Cov tsos mob

Cov tsos mob thawj zaug uas tshwm sim thaum tus menyuam muaj ntshav siab tuaj yeem hu ua ua pa luv, uas tsis ploj mus txawm tias nyob hauv lub xeev so. Tsis tsuas yog lub ntsws ntawm tus menyuam mos raug kev txom nyem, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam hauv lub cev. Feem ntau muaj cov leeg mob, tom qab ib ntus koj tuaj yeem pom qhov ua txhaum ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, qhov hnyav tau nce qeeb heev. Lwm cov tsos mob ntawm pulmonary hypertension muaj xws li:

  • tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam, cyanosis pib tsim, muaj cyanosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
  • pneumonia tsim;
  • kev puas tsuaj;
  • tachypnea - ua pa nrawm heev hauv tus menyuam;
  • tus me nyuam muaj meconium meconium hauv trachea;
  • daim siab loj;
  • Ib tug me nyuam mos muaj diaphragmatic hernia.

Nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov xwm txheej, ntshav siab poob qis heev, tab sis nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev mob ntsws ntsws, tuaj yeem ua rau dhia ntse. Tib lub sijhawm, pulmonary hypertension tshwm sim. Cov menyuam mos uas muaj mob ntsws pulmonary tuaj yeem yog hypercapnic. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li pathology, tus me nyuam muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntau dhau hauv cov ntshav. Yog tias koj x-ray, koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub plawv loj me ntsis - muaj cardiomegaly.

Raws li cov menyuam yaus tsim muaj mob ntsws pulmonary hypertension, lub plawv yws pib tshwm. Cov chaw pliable ntawm lub hauv siab yog retracted, thiabcov pa roj carbon dioxide nce ib txhij nrog kev loj hlob ntawm hypoxia hauv tus menyuam. Cov tsos mob no tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho oxygen ib leeg. Tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiaj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev kho mob tom qab kuaj xyuas tus menyuam kom zoo.

Blueness ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam mos
Blueness ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam mos

YKev kuaj mob ntawm pathology

Tom qab tus me nyuam muaj thawj cov tsos mob ntawm pulmonary hypertension, cov kws kho mob ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas kom meej kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab mob no. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cyanosis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev muab cov pa oxygen rau kev ua pa ntawm cov crumbs, kuj raug cais tawm lossis lees paub. Rau kev kuaj mob, siv ntau txoj kev sib txawv kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.

Electrocardiography

Ib qho ECG tsuas tuaj yeem muab qhov tseeb yog tias muaj qhov txhab nyob rau hauv txoj cai ventricle. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov muaj qhov sib txawv hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau suav tias yog tus qauv rau tus menyuam yug tshiab.

Echocardiography

Txoj kev no yuav tsis tso cai rau koj hais kom tus menyuam muaj ntshav siab. Echo yog suav tias yog ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv rau ECG, kom tus kws tshaj lij muaj lub sijhawm kom tau txais cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev kuaj mob. EchoCG tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb tus menyuam puas muaj lub plawv tsis xws luag, nrog rau lwm yam kev txawv txav hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv txoj kev kuaj mob no, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm myocardium.

X-ray

Kev kuaj tus menyuam lub hauv siab siv X-ray yog ua nyob rau hauvFeem ntau kom kuaj pom qhov muaj qhov nce ntawm qhov loj ntawm sab xis ntawm lub siab.

Koj tseem tuaj yeem paub meej tias muaj pulmonary hypertension hauv tus menyuam yug tshiab nrog kev pab los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical. Tsis tas li, cov kws tshaj lij ua txoj kev tshawb fawb txog cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav, uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab seb qib oxygen thiab carbon dioxide nyob hauv nws li cas thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv yog dab tsi. Qhov kev sim rau hyperoxia tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb tus naj npawb ntawm txoj cai thiab sab laug xaiv hauv tus menyuam. Raws li kev kuaj mob sib txawv, kev kuaj mob hypertoxic, hyperventilation tuaj yeem siv. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob thaum kawg, tus kws kho mob tuaj koom tuaj yeem sau cov duab sib nqus resonance.

Kev kho mob

Kev kho ntawm cov kab mob no yog pib txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau (tso) lub siab hauv cov hlab ntsws. Kev kho cov pa oxygen yog nqa tawm tam sim ntawd, thiab nws yuav nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus menyuam. Cov pa tuaj yeem nkag mus rau tus menyuam lub cev los ntawm lub npog ntsej muag lossis lub tshuab ua pa tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev txhim kho tam sim ntawm vascular oxygenation. Cov txheej txheem tau ua tiav qeeb qeeb, vim tias thaum muaj kev poob qis hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv cov ntshav, cov hlab ntsha yuav pib nqaim dua - kev tawm tsam ntawm vasoconstriction yuav rov ua dua.

Ntau zaus, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj kho lub ntsws ua pa - IVL rau cov menyuam mos. Vim li no, lub ntsws qhib sai heev. Nitric oxide pib ua kom cov leeg du, uas ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlab ntsws. Tsis tas li ntawd,nce ntshav txaus hauv lub cev no. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb yog mob hnyav, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation yog ib qho kev kho ntxiv.

Txhawm rau tswj hwm qib calcium, kua dej, qabzib hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab, siv tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Yog tias tus menyuam muaj sepsis, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tuaj yeem muab nrog. Vasoconstrictors kuj tseem siv rau kev kho mob, feem ntau muaj xws li Tubocurarine, Tolazoline, sodium nitroprusside, alpha-adrenergic antagonists.

Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv los kho mob kom tsis txhob muaj lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Cov no suav nrog Dopamine, Adrenaline thiab Dobutamine. Qee zaum cov tshuaj siv tau los tiv thaiv hypoxia, xws li Eufillin. Txhawm rau ua kom lub ntsws qhib tag, cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj Surfactant.

Yog tias muaj cov lus qhia tias mob ntsws pulmonary hypertension tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob, ces kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas yuav tsum tau ua. Tsis tshua muaj, yuav siv tau diuretics lossis anticoagulants. Yuav tsum muaj qee yam qhia rau lawv siv, vim tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no yog siab heev, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm kev kho mob ntsws pulmonary hypertension hauv cov neeg laus.

Kev kho menyuam mos
Kev kho menyuam mos

Muaj Teeb Meem

Pulmonary hypertension yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai heev, nyob rau hauv qhov muaj qhov hnyav ntawm lub plawv ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab nce ntau zaus. Kev txheeb cais qhia tias 8 ntawm 10 tus menyuam yausnrog cov kab mob zoo sib xws tuaj yeem nyob tau ob peb hnub thiab tuag vim mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Nws tsim sai heev, thiab tib lub sijhawm, qhov mob hnyav zuj zus vim yog qhov tsis tu ncua hypoxemia. Yog tsis pib kho, ob tug me nyuam yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nyob tau tsawg kawg yog tsib xyoos.

Tsis tas li, cov teeb meem suav nrog thrombosis, kev loj hlob qeeb, ob lub hlwb thiab lub cev. Hypertensive crises muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas muaj pulmonary hypertension.

Tiv thaiv kab mob

Hnub no, cov kws tshaj lij tsis tuaj yeem sau npe rau daim ntawv teev npe, ua raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm 100% tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob ntshav siab hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm qhov tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob no. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ua raws li cov lus qhia yooj yim no:

  • Ua noj qab nyob zoo thaum cev xeeb tub.
  • Kev siv zog yuav tsum tau ua kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo kis tus menyuam hauv plab.
  • Tsis txhob noj tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub yam tsis muaj kws kho mob pom zoo lossis saib xyuas.
  • Koj yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia ntawm gynecologist uas saib xyuas tus poj niam thaum nws cev xeeb tub.
poj niam cev xeeb tub noj zaub mov zoo
poj niam cev xeeb tub noj zaub mov zoo

Huab cua

Nrog pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab, qhov kev cia siab tau zoo heev. Raws li kev txheeb cais, nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los, tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev loj hlob pulmonaryntshav siab. Tawm ntawm 1500 cev xeeb tub, pathology tshwm sim tsuas yog ob peb zaug. Yog tias kuaj pom tus kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab kho tam sim ntawd, 9 ntawm 10 tus menyuam yug tshiab muaj sia nyob, thiab txog li thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv kuj zoo li qub.

Mob ntshav siab mob ntsws uas tshwm sim hauv tus menyuam mos tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thiab tuag taus, uas yog vim li cas pulmonary hypertension hauv cov menyuam mos yuav txaus ntshai. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib kho sai li sai tau. Thaum thawj cov cim tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Kev kho sai sai yog pib, qhov ntau dua qhov uas tus menyuam muaj rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua tiav lub neej. Cov kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav tsum tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev kho mob ntshav siab nyob rau hauv cov menyuam mos.

Tus menyuam yug tshiab hauv tsev kho mob
Tus menyuam yug tshiab hauv tsev kho mob

Tsis txhob nkim sijhawm thiab xav tias txhua yam yuav dhau los ntawm ob peb teev lossis ob peb hnub. Pulmonary hypertension yog ib yam kab mob uas suav nrog feeb, thiab txhua teev ntawm lub neej ntawm tus menyuam mos uas tseem tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem yog qhov kawg. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kho yuav tsum tau pib sai li sai tau thiab tsis txhob nkim sij hawm muaj nuj nqis.

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