Meckel's diverticulum: kuaj mob, kho, phais

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Meckel's diverticulum: kuaj mob, kho, phais
Meckel's diverticulum: kuaj mob, kho, phais

Video: Meckel's diverticulum: kuaj mob, kho, phais

Video: Meckel's diverticulum: kuaj mob, kho, phais
Video: Muaj 5 nqis qhia txog cov hluas ua li cas thiaj tsim txiaj. 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Meckel's diverticulum yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug ntau los ntawm cov neeg mob. Cia peb saib kom ze rau nws. Qhov no yog ib qho pathology uas tau piav qhia thawj zaug los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Johann Friedrich Meckel. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm intrauterine txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb, ib co ua txhaum cai tshwm sim. Qhov no yog ib hom ntawm protrusion ntawm qis ib feem ntawm lub ileum. Meckel's diverticulum yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv plab hnyuv.

Meckel lub diverticulum
Meckel lub diverticulum

Kev txhim kho ntawm pathology

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb diverticula, tag nrho cov txheej ntawm cov hnyuv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Thiab nrog qhov tsis tseeb diverticula (pseudodiverticula), cov mucous membrane tas li protrudes los ntawm qhov khoob hauv cov leeg nqaij. Qhov tseeb yog congenital (peb tab tom tham txog tib yam Meckel's diverticulum), thiab qhov tau txais diverticula hauv plab yog qhov cuav.

Nyob rau theem pib, lub gallbladder duct, uasnyob ze ntawm ileum, tsim los ntawm xya lub lim tiam ntawm cev xeeb tub. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis muaj atrophy ntawm thaj chaw uas txuas nws mus rau ileum, Meckel's diverticulum yog tsim.

Cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog hu ua congenital, thiab diverticulum nws tus kheej muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov hnyuv ib txwm thiab stretches nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov opposite txuas ntawm ntug ntawm lub mesentery. Hauv ib nrab ntawm cov neeg mob, nws muaj heterotopic gastric cov ntaub so ntswg los yog pancreatic ntaub so ntswg. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum nws muaj ob daim ntaub tib lub sijhawm.

Cov teeb meem tom qab diverticulum tsim yog tsawg, tshwm sim li ntawm 2% ntawm cov neeg mob. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib deev, hauv cov txiv neej xws li anomaly ua rau muaj teeb meem ob zaug ntau dua li cov poj niam.

Cov teeb meem yog: los ntshav (lawv tseem hu ua diverticulitis), kev cuam tshuam, nrog rau ntau yam kev tsim hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qog.

Cas ntawm no pathology

Kab mob ntawm Meckel's diverticulum tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim khaws cov khoom noj khoom haus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tsim cov pob zeb fecal pib, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev kis mob hnyav.

Cov txheej txheem inflammatory muaj kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau Meckel's diverticulum, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze kuj raug rau qhov no. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim feem ntau yog tsim cov hnyuv abscess thiab kev loj hlob ntawm peritonitis. Cov cim pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob yog txhua yam ntawm protrusions ntawm lub plab mog.

Meckel's diverticulum tuaj yeem muaj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab ib txwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tsos mob uas paub meej tias lub xub ntiag ntawm nocov kab mob tsis muaj kiag li. Rau kev kuaj mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev sim tshwj xeeb ntawm no, vim cov txheej txheem lees paub yuav tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws qhov muaj nyob.

Meckel txoj kev phais diverticulum
Meckel txoj kev phais diverticulum

Symptoms of disease

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas xws li protrusion dhau los ua ib feem ntawm txoj hnyuv, nws cov tsos mob pib tshwm rau lawv tus kheej kom meej meej thiab feem ntau. Cov no suav nrog cov kab mob hauv qab no hauv lub cev:

  1. Anemia (hlau deficiency).
  2. Tshuaj plab hnyuv.
  3. txheej txheem mob, uas yuav qhia tau los ntawm txias thiab kub taub hau, nrog rau kev kuaj ntshav thiab zis.
  4. Kab ntshav, uas muaj ntshav hauv cov quav.
  5. ntuav thiab ntuav ntawm xeev siab.
  6. mob plab, uas yog tus cwj pwm nruj nruj.
  7. Zoo nrog quav.
  8. Kev tshem tawm ntawm Meckel's diverticulum
    Kev tshem tawm ntawm Meckel's diverticulum

Localization ntawm qhov mob - feem ntau nyob rau sab laug iliac cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv qhov projection ntawm cov nyuv sigmoid. Nws yog spasmodic, aggravated sai li sai tau raws li txoj hnyuv loj yog ntim nrog quav. Nws feem ntau tau yooj yim dua tom qab lub plab zom mov. Hauv qee cov neeg mob, nyob rau lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm cov spasms, npub qhov mob hauv tib lub tuam tsev tau sau tseg. Palpation ntawm lub plab tsis ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob kom pom tseeb. Qhov no qhia tias tsis muaj cov organic ua rau mob syndrome. Nws yog txuam nrog rau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm txoj hnyuv motility.

Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov mob mob yog kho los ntawm cov neeg mob los ntawm ob peb hnub thiablub lis piam mus tas li qhov mob tsis tu ncua. Lub rooj zaum cuam tshuam, thiab qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev cem quav tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg mob muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov hnyuv thiab ua kom flatulence. Hauv qee cov neeg mob, raws plab hloov nrog cem quav, uas kuj tsis zoo siab. Clinically pronounced diverticulosis (qhov no yog kab mob diverticular) tsis yog ib txwm muaj teeb meem, raws li feem ntau gastroenterologists xav. Nquag mob paroxysmal nyob rau hauv lub plab mog, tsis tu ncua kev ua txhaum ntawm lub plab zom mov - tag nrho cov no ua rau cov neeg mob ua kom tiav los yog ib feem kev tsis taus. Lawv niaj hnub mus xyuas cov chav hauv plab lossis coloproctology, qhov chaw uas lawv tau kho tsis tiav nrog ntau txoj kev.

Meckel's diverticulum diagnostics
Meckel's diverticulum diagnostics

hnub nyoog accounting

Thaum txheeb xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ntawm cov tsos mob nyob rau hauv thaum yau, blockage ntawm txoj hnyuv feem ntau tshwm sim. Raws li kev los ntshav sab hauv, tus kab mob tuaj yeem muab cov tsos mob zoo li no thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus dua. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb pom ntawm pathology feem ntau tshwm sim ua ntej hnub nyoog 12.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib qee yam tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no. Piv txwv li, los ntshav sab hauv tej zaum yuav me me thiab nres ntawm nws tus kheej li ob peb hnub. Cov yeeb yam no kuj ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob kom txaus.

Kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib

Qee zaum cov ntshav hauv tus neeg mob cov quav tau pom tas li, tab sis cov xwm txheej zoo li notsawg heev. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm kev tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus anemia, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Meckel's diverticulum. Cov tsos mob tib yam qhia tau hais tias tus neeg mob lub neej muaj kev phom sij. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov neeg mob tau pom qhov kev phais mob xwm txheej ceev rau qhov teeb meem.

Txoj kev kuaj mob

Hauv kev kuaj mob Meckel's diverticulum hauv kev phais, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no. Cov quav ntshav thaum menyuam yaus yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm pathology.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, lawv pib siv ib txoj hauv kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv, uas yog hu ua "scintigraphy". Nws yog raws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev nqus ntawm isotopes los ntawm lub plab. Qhov kev kuaj mob no tau ua tiav hauv qhov kev kwv yees sib txawv.

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, cov khoom loj ntawm radionuclides yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub zais zis thiab lub plab, nrog rau kev pab ntawm duodenum thiab cov hnyuv. Yog li ntawd, thaum kuaj Meckel's diverticulum, kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub raum thiab cov zis tau ua tiav.

Cov teeb meem ntawm Meckel's diverticulum
Cov teeb meem ntawm Meckel's diverticulum

Scintigraphy cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo yog tias tus neeg mob muaj cov kab mob ntawm radionuclide txuam nrog.

Lub diverticulum feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub plab mog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem hloov nws txoj haujlwm vim kev txav mus los. Pathology feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog plab hnyuv ob npaug.

Yog tias tus neeg mob tau ua tiav plab hnyuv txhaws lossis cov tsos mob ntawm peritonitis, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas laparoscopy. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus kab mob no twb nyob rau theem ntawm kev phais.

Meckel's diverticulum: phais

Txoj kev kho mob uas tshem tawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology muaj nyob rau hauv kev phais, chav kawm thiab cov txheej txheem uas ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb qhov pathology tau kuaj pom li cas - raws li cov tsos mob lossis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws tus kheej.

Yog tias tsis muaj tsos mob thiab tus kab mob tau kuaj pom ncaj qha rau ntawm lub rooj ua haujlwm, cov kws phais mob tam sim ntawd pib tshem tawm cov diverticulum, uas yog ua los ntawm transverse suturing. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.

Kev kho ntawm Meckel lub diverticulum yuav tsum tau raws sijhawm.

Meckel txoj kev kho diverticulum
Meckel txoj kev kho diverticulum

ua haujlwm ib ntus

Thaum thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm qhov los ntshav. Yog hais tias nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub diverticulum, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ileum, raws li txoj cai, ib tug segmental resection ntawm seem no ntawm txoj hnyuv yog ua. Txoj kev no yuav pab kom tshem tawm qhov los ntshav sai sai thiab cawm tus neeg mob txoj sia. Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem phais rau Meckel's diverticulum koom nrog?

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas pom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm plab hnyuv hauv daim ntawv intussusception, thawj kauj ruam yog ua tiav cov txheej txheem disinvagination thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib tshem tawm cov diverticulum. Yog hais tias lub resection ua rau nqaim ntawm txoj hnyuv lumen, segmental plab hnyuv resection yog tsim nyog. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm intussusception ua qhov hloov tsis tau thaum Meckel's diverticulum lossis plab hnyuv gangrene. Hauv cov xwm txheej noRaws li txoj cai, manipulations xws li anastomosis thiab plab hnyuv resection yog siv. Qee zaum, nws tuaj yeem siv cov stomas, uas tau siv ib ntus, tom qab ntawd tshem tawm.

Kev rov ua kom tiav ntawm tus neeg mob tom qab tshem tawm Meckel lub diverticulum tshwm sim hauv ob peb lub lis piam.

Ua rau mob plab hnyuv

plab hnyuv, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm volvulus los yog herniation, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim cov khib nyiab hauv cov ducts.

Kev mob ntawm Meckel's diverticulum
Kev mob ntawm Meckel's diverticulum

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, txoj kev kho mob yog tshem tawm kev ua txhaum ntawm txoj hnyuv los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kua tsib. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm tau ua raws li qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li thaum tshem Meckel's diverticulum. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws perforation, daim duab kho mob tej zaum yuav phem dua, uas kuj tshwm sim nrog plab hnyuv gangrene thiab strangulated hernia. Hauv 10% ntawm cov neeg mob, thaum cov txheej txheem phais, kev tuag ntawm tus neeg mob tshwm sim, uas kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob sib kis.

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm Meckel's diverticulum yog tsim ntawm adhesions thiab plab hnyuv obstruction.

Ntawm me nyuam

Cov kab mob no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob congenital anomalies ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv yuav luag 4% ntawm cov me nyuam, feem ntau yog cov tub. Yog tias tsis kuaj pom tus kab mob ua ntej hnub nyoog 10, ces thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30 xyoo muaj 100% uas nws yuav tshwm sim rau qee txoj kev.

Meckel's diverticulum hauv cov menyuam yaus yog ib yam kab mob tshwj xeeb,uas tuaj yeem ua mus ntev yam tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb tab tom ua haujlwm los txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj mob pathology no, uas yuav pab txo qis tus menyuam kev tuag ntawm nws cov teeb meem.

Cov kab mob asymptomatic ntawm cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nyuaj thiab sai lossis tom qab ntawd yuav dhau los ua vajtswv rau cov kws phais mob thaum laparotomy rau kev kuaj mob.

main manifestations

Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, nws qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem los ntshav hauv cov hnyuv, mob hnyav hauv plab plab, tarry quav uas muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo dub. Cov kev tshwm sim no tuaj yeem nrog kev qaug zog, pallor, nce plawv dhia, kiv taub hau. Kev kuaj ntshav thiab kuaj ntshav yuav tsum tau kuaj. Qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb uas tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv thawj qhov chaw yog qib ntawm hemoglobin. Yog tias nws qis dhau, qhov no qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav liab hauv tus menyuam, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav hnyav.

Tej zaum kuj tsis muaj cov tsos mob xws li xeev siab thiab ntuav, tab sis qhov mob ntawm Meckel's diverticulum zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob appendicitis. Ntawm no muaj cov tsos mob ntawm Shchetkin-Blumberg, leukocytosis, mob plab, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, cov kws phais mob pib ua haujlwm ntawm mob plab hnyuv, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm phais, qhov tseeb ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim.

Huab cua rau exacerbation

Tsuas yog hauv 5% ntawm cov neeg mob Meckel's diverticulum ua rau nws tus kheej hnov txog lub neej. Cov neeg feem coob tsis txawmxav tias muaj tus kab mob. Cov neeg mob tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws phais mob kuaj pom muaj diverticulitis yog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 12 xyoo.

Nyob hauv kaw

Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov teeb meem ntawm Meckel's diverticulum tom qab kev phais, lub sijhawm ntawm kev nrhiav kev pab kho mob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov no tsis tshua muaj, tshwj tsis yog tias tej zaum yuav muaj adhesions hauv cov hnyuv vim yog cov txheej txheem hloov pauv, thiab qhov no, dhau los, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv plab hnyuv.

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