Tshuaj lom neeg mob feem ntau tshwm sim vim tsis quav ntsej tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia uas tuaj nrog cov tshuaj. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau yog nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, hom tshuaj noj thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nws ntau npaum li cas. Tab sis txhua qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj muaj ib qho zoo sib xws - tus neeg raug tsim txom xav tau kev pab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej.
Qee cov ntaub ntawv
Tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem ua yuam kev lossis txhob txwm ua. Hauv thawj kis, menyuam yaus raug mob ntau dua, tab sis cov neeg laus tsuas ntsib kev qaug cawv me me xwb. Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog kev txhob txwm tshaj tawm, koj tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev. Kev haus luam yeeb zoo li no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev - thaum tsis muaj kev pab tsim nyog, txawm tias tuag taus.
Cov tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm ntau pab pawg tshuaj: tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab, hypnotics thiabtranquilizers. Vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj narcotic kuj tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv cov tshuaj, tshuaj lom nrog lawv tau kuaj pom ntau zaus.
Yog vim li cas
Tshuaj lom (raws li ICD-10 - T36-T50) tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntau yam:
- kev sib txawv ntawm qhov pom zoo noj;
- lees txais cov nyiaj dhau sijhawm;
- kev kho tsis tau;
- kev sib xyaw tshuaj los ntawm ntau pawg uas tsis tuaj yeem ua ke;
- Kev xaiv tshuaj tsis raug.
Qhov tseeb, kev qaug cawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tu siab heev, thiab qee zaum txawm tias yuav tshwm sim tsis tau. Yog li tsis txhob coj tus mob no maj mam.
ICD-10 tshuaj lom cov lej - txij T36 txog T50.
Cov paib ntau
Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm muaj tej yam ntxwv. Nyob ntawm hom tshuaj uas provokes nws:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory tshuaj - mob plab tam sim ntawd, ntuav thiab raws plab. Qee zaum, kuj tseem muaj qhov txias ntawm tes thiab ko taw, ua tsis taus pa hnyav, nce salivation, tsis pom kev.
- Cardiac glycosides - delirium, syncope, arrhythmia, yuav ntuav thiab mob plab.
- Antidepressants - txo cov ntshav siab, qhov muag tsis pom kev, tsis meej pem.
- Antihistamines - tsaug zog, liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mem tes ceev, dryness thaum lub sij hawmqhov ncauj, ua tsis taus pa, lethargy.
- tshuaj tua kab mob - xeev siab thiab mob hnyav.
- Tshaj tawm - migraine, tinnitus, fainting, hws hnyav.
- Tshuaj rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib - ntuav, ua kom qab los noj mov, apathy, ntxhov siab, tuag tes tuag taw thiab caj npab, kiv taub hau, hws, nce siab, hais lus tsis zoo.
- tshuaj tsaug zog - hloov kev qaug zog thiab kev xav ntau dhau, pw tsaug zog tuaj yeem ua rau tsis nco qab.
- Tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau daim siab thiab lub raum - qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis txaus, mob hauv qab lossis hauv txoj cai hypochondrium. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj lom no tshwm sim thaum noj tshuaj tua kab mob lossis cawv.
Ntse
Nrog rau lwm yam, tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam tsos mob ntawm intoxication txuam nrog ib yam tshuaj:
- liab lossis blanching ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- tsis paub ua pa tsw tsw;
- nthuav lossis txwv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv - feem ntau pom thaum muaj tshuaj lom nrog pab pawg ntawm opiates.
Tab sis yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum tau txais kev pab xwm txheej ceev, hu rau pab pawg kws kho mob thiab sim tshawb xyuas los ntawm tus neeg mob seb nws noj tshuaj dab tsi.
Txoj cai dav dav rau kev kho tshuaj lom neeg
Txawm hais tias tus neeg raug tshuaj lom, thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog hu rau pab pawg kws kho mob thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub ceev:
- Sim nrhiav seb koj noj tshuaj dab tsiraug mob thiab ntau npaum li cas.
- Yog hais tias qhov tshuaj tau noj ntawm qhov ncauj, ntxuav lub plab thiab muab cov tshuaj sorbents rau tus neeg mob. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov txheej txheem no yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lom nrog cauterizing neeg sawv cev, piv txwv li, poov tshuaj permanganate, iodine, ammonia. as well as acids thiab alkalis.
- Yog tias cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, coj tus neeg raug tsim txom tawm sab nraud, cia nws ua pa. Yaug koj lub qhov ncauj, qhov muag, qhov ntswg thiab caj pas nrog dej txias.
- Yog tias cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv koj lub qhov muag, ntxuav lawv kom huv si, tom qab ntawd muab cov ntaub qhwv ntaub qhwv los yog siv cov iav. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov mob thiab tua kab mob, siv Albucid lossis Levomycetin.
- Cia li cia tus neeg mob so kom nws xis nyob kom txog thaum tus kws kho mob tuaj txog.
Txawm tias muaj tshuaj lom dab tsi tshwm sim, lub siab yuav luag ib txwm raug kev txom nyem ntau dua li lwm yam kabmob. Tej zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm me ntsis thiab siv qee yam tshuaj los normalize nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm hepatoprotectors thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus nrog lecithin, omega-3, selenium, amino acids, chromium thiab antioxidants. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los sab laj tus kws kho mob rau kev tawm tswv yim.
Barbiturate poisoning
Yuav luag tag nrho cov derivatives ntawm cov tshuaj no yog absorbed sai sai, thiab rau feem ntau nws yog lub digestive ib ntsuj av. Qhov koob tshuaj tuag yog 10 koob tshuaj kho mob.
Mob ntshav qab zibCov tshuaj uas muaj cov nyhuv hypnotic yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog ua pa tsis ua haujlwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm oxygen tshaib plab. Ua pa sai heev, ua tsis taus pa thiab ua tsis taus pa.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus neeg mob lub reflex functions yog inhibited. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv thaum xub thawj constrict thiab hnov mob teeb pom kev zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd nthuav dav, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam. Kev tuag tuaj yeem tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tuag tes tuag taw ntawm chav ua pa thiab ua txhaum loj ntawm cov ntshav ntws.
Muaj ntau theem ntawm kev lom nrog tshuaj tsaug zog:
- thawj - tsaug zog, tsaug zog heev tshwm sim, qeeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis txaus siab, tab sis tus neeg muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus;
- second - superficial coma, fainting;
- thib peb - sib sib zog nqus coma, muaj qhov tsis muaj txhua qhov kev xav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb raug txwv;
- plaub - lub xeev tom qab tsis nco qab uas kev nco qab maj mam rov qab los.
Tej yam teeb meem ntawm kev qaug cawv yog: mob ntsws, mob plab, tracheobronchitis.
Kev pab ib zaug
Barbiturate lom yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Thawj kauj ruam yog tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm lub cev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, yaug nrog li 10-14 liv dej yuav tsum tau siv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv kev sojntsuam. Yog tias tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis nco qab, koj tuaj yeem ua rau ntuav tom qab noj dej sov. Koj tuaj yeem siv ntsev zoo tib yam, mustard hmoov, lossis subcutaneously "Apomorphine".
rauKev tshem tawm sai ntawm barbiturates, haus dej kom ntau thiab noj cov tshuaj diuretics yog pom zoo. Hauv kev tshuaj lom tshuaj lom neeg hnyav, kev tswj hwm txoj hlab ntshav ntawm 5% cov kua qabzib lossis sodium chloride tau qhia.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho mob ntsws thiab qhov kub thiab txias, tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab tshuaj - intramuscularly "Amidopyrin". Vasoconstrictor tshuaj yog siv los normalize vascular laus. Txhawm rau ua kom lub siab ua haujlwm, xav tau glycosides sai. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob lub plawv nres, nws yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj adrenaline thiab muab ib tug massage.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab
Cov tshuaj no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nqus sai hauv lub plab thiab faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev, uas ua rau muaj tshuaj lom ntau ntxiv. Qhov kev cia siab rau qhov kev lom neeg no yog ib txwm mob hnyav heev, vim tias kev ua kom tuag nrog kev qaug cawv nce mus txog 20% thaum siv ntau tshaj li ib gram ntawm cov tshuaj nquag.
Cov hlab plawv thiab cov hlab plawv hauv nruab nrab raug kev txom nyem feem ntau. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab tshuaj lom, overexcitation, hallucinations tshwm sim, thiab kub poob. Kev ua pa ua pa yog maj mam txo qis thiab coma tsim. Nrog rau cov tshuaj lom no, mob plawv nres thiab mob plawv feem ntau yog qhov ua rau tuag taus.
Tus neeg mob cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilate, qhov ncauj qhov ncauj qhuav, lub plab zom mov raug cuam tshuam, qee zaum plab hnyuv paresis tshwm sim.
Kev pab thawj zaug rau tshuaj lom nrog tshuaj ntawm pawg tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, plab hnyuv yuav tsum tau ua nrog dej qab zib, ntsev los yog activated charcoal. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thawj 2 teev tom qab qhov xwm txheej, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua dua. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj enema.
Vometic tshuaj suav hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv lub plawv glycosides, yog tias pom muaj teeb meem ua pa, kev ua pa ntawm lub ntsws yog qhov tsim nyog.
Hypertensin yog siv los ua kom lub suab vascular. Txhawm rau tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab thiab overexcitation, koj yuav tsum noj Aminazine thiab barbiturates. Cov kws kho mob kuj pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj ntawm Physostigmine. Cov tshuaj no txo cov mem tes thiab nce ntshav siab.
Tranquilizer lom
Symptomatology tau tshwm sim hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab. Vim cov leeg tsis muaj zog, qhov tshee tshwm, lub plawv dhia tsis zoo, thiab lub siab poob. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm kev lom nrog tshuaj ntawm pab pawg tranquilizer yog nce peristalsis ntawm lub plab zom mov, nrog rau lub qhov ncauj qhuav.
Nyob rau hauv kev qaug cawv hnyav, lwm yam cim tseem ceeb tau sau tseg: kev hnov lus, tsis meej pem, convulsions, arousal hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tachycardia, daim tawv nqaij xiav, thiab cov teeb meem ua pa tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm.
Yuav pab li cas
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm kev ntxuav raws sijhawm siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, tshuaj laxative los ntawm ntsev thiab siphon enema. Qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug yog kev siv tshuaj rau ib txwm muajKev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv - "Cocarboxylase", "Strophanthin", "Korglikon", vasoconstrictor tshuaj, nrog rau cov tshuaj alkaline. Yav tom ntej, kev kho cov pa oxygen tau pom zoo rau cov neeg mob.
Tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Nrog xws li qaug cawv, tinnitus, tsis pom kev, txhua yam mob plab, nrog rau raws plab, ua pa nrov nrov, feem ntau tshwm sim. Hauv qhov mob hnyav, kev loj hlob ntawm coma tsis suav nrog. Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg mob uas muaj uterine thiab nosebleeds. Qhov kev kwv yees ntxiv rau cov tshuaj lom tshuaj lom (ICD-10 code - T39) feem ntau yog qhov zoo.
pab
Tom qab plab hnyuv, ib khob ntawm cov roj vaseline tau ntxig los ntawm kev sojntsuam, tom qab ntawd noj tshuaj laxative - 20 g ntawm sodium sulfate. Tus neeg raug tsim txom tau pom ntau cov kua thiab cov enemas txhua teev. Xws li kev kho yog tsim nyog kom txog thaum ua pa normalizes.
Tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov hlab plawv
Nrog rau kev qaug cawv, kev tso dej ntawm novocaine nrog piam thaj yog tsim nyog, nrog rau cov tshuaj intramuscular - magnesium sulfate thiab subcutaneous - diphenhydramine. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj lom (raws li ICD-10 - T46) tau ua rau convulsions thiab ua tsis taus pa, 10% kev daws ntawm barbamyl, 8-10 ml intravenously ntawm ib nrab ib feeb, yuav tsum tau. Txoj kev kho no yog ua kom txog thaum tshem tawmmob taub hau. Enemas nrog 1% chloral hydrate kuj tau siv.
Yog tias qhov piav qhia kev pab cuam thaum muaj tshuaj lom nrog cov tshuaj ntawm cov pab pawg glycoside ua tsis tiav, kev tswj hwm ntawm Ditilin hauv cov hlab ntsha ua raws li kev ua pa ua pa yog tsim nyog. Yog tias cov mem tes tau dhau los ua tsawg heev, yuav tsum siv "Atropine" thiab calcium chloride intravenously. Yav tom ntej, tus neeg mob tau pom zoo kho cov pa oxygen.
