Techniques raws li x-rays yog siv los ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub cev. Kev taw qhia ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv rau hauv tib neeg lub cev txhim kho kev kuaj mob. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm iodine molecules rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg nce lawv cov txiaj ntsig.
Kev piav qhia
Cov tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv cais raws li ib tug txhais tau tias rau radiopaque diagnostics nrog ib tug ionic qauv. Nws yog txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab kab noj hniav.
Cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj, muaj raws li cov kua ntshiab, tsis muaj xim lossis xim me ntsis.
Composition
Hauv cov tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv txhais cov khoom xyaw nquag raws li 3, 5-bis-(acetylamido)-2, 4, 6-triiodobenzoic acid. Cov tshuaj muaj xws li ob ntawm nws cov ntsev: sodium thiab meglumine. Muaj ob koob tshuaj ntawm 60 thiab 76 feem pua.
Ib milliliter ntawm cov tshuaj yuav muaj 0.292 g lossis 0.370 g ntawm iodine hais. Tus nqi ntawm meglumine amidotrizoate hauv ib lub ampouleyog 10.4 g lossis 13.2 g, thiab sodium amidotrizoate yog 1.6 g lossis 2 g. Qhov concentration ntawm thawj ntsev hauv ib milliliter yog 0.52 g lossis 0.66 g, thiab qhov thib ob yog 0.08 g lossis 0, 1 xyoo
Kom tau txais cov tshuaj ruaj khov, cov khoom xyaw uas tsis muaj zog yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sodium calcium edetate, sodium hydroxide thiab ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj aqueous.
Cov tshuaj tau ntim rau hauv 20 ml ampoules.
Cov khoom zoo sib xws
Tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv yog hais txog cov tshuaj uas ua kom cov duab zoo sib xws vim qhov nqus ntawm X-rays los ntawm iodine ions, uas muaj nyob rau hauv amidotrizoate ntsev.
Yuav siv cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog osmolality, viscosity, ntom thiab pH tus nqi.
Muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no ntawm cov tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Analogues nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev npaj "Triombrast" thiab "Trazograph" kuj yog siv raws li radiopaque diagnostic cov cuab yeej uas muaj iodine hais.
Nrog kev qhia txog cov tshuaj zoo li no, cov duab ntawm lub cev ua rau qhov sib txawv ntau dua.
Yuav siv li cas
Tshuaj "Urografin 76" cov lus qhia rau kev siv pom zoo siv rau retrograde urography, angiography, arthrography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Cov tshuaj tau noj ua ntej intraoperative cholangiography, sialography, fistulography,hysterosalpingography.
Yuav siv li cas
Ua ntej siv cov khoom "Urografin 76", cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia koj kom npaj tus neeg mob ua ntej. Lub plab zom mov kom huv si yuav tsum tau ua rau lub plab angiography thiab cov txheej txheem urographic. Ob hnub ua ntej manipulation tsis txhob noj zaub mov uas ua rau tsam plab. Cov zaub mov no suav nrog legumes, zaub xam lav, dub thiab tshiab ci, thiab zaub nyoos.
Ua ntej kev ntsuam xyuas, koj tuaj yeem noj hmo tsis pub dhau 18 teev, tom qab ntawd koj noj cov tshuaj laxative. Cov lus qhia zaum kawg no tsis siv rau cov menyuam yaus.
Kev ntxhov siab, mob hnyav ua rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj, yog li ntawd tus neeg mob thiaj li mob siab rau kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm kev hais lus lossis noj tshuaj.
Nrog myeloma, nce ntshav qabzib nrog rau lub raum ua haujlwm tsis zoo, polyuria, oliguria, hyperuricemia, cov menyuam mos thiab cov neeg laus tau txais kev siv dej los kho cov dej thiab electrolyte.
Cov cuab yeej npaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia qhia kom siv tsuas yog thaum tswj xyuas lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog tias muaj nag lossis daus tshwm, qhov ntxoov ntxoo tau hloov, lossis lub ntim khoom puas lawm, tsis txhob siv nws. Cov kua yog sau ua ntej kev tswj hwm, thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv yog muab pov tseg.
Kev noj tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm hnub nyoog, lub cev hnyav thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm lub raum lossis lub plawv, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov tshuaj yog siv. Tom qab cov txheej txheem, xyuas cov nolub cev rau peb hnub.
cov txheej txheem Angiographic yuav tsum tau yaug lub catheter nrog ntsev kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xwm txheej thromboembolic. Thaum cov tshuaj tau txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej lub supine txoj hauj lwm. Ib nrab teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg mob tau saib xyuas zoo txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem sab hauv lub sijhawm.
txhawm rau paub meej tias tus kab mob no, cov tshuaj tau rov ua ntau zaus ntawm 10 mus rau 15 feeb kom them nyiaj rau cov ntshav osmolarity ntau ntxiv nrog cov kua dej nruab nrab. Thaum ib koob tshuaj ntawm 0.300 txog 0.350 litres ntawm cov tshuaj tau muab rau tus neeg laus, cov tshuaj electrolyte yuav tsum tau muab tso rau.
Cov tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia kom sov txog 36 degrees, uas yuav tso cai rau tus neeg sawv cev zoo sib xws kom txhaj tshuaj sai dua thiab yooj yim dua rau kev zam vim qhov txo qis hauv viscosity. Tsis yog txhua lub ampoules raug rhuab, tab sis tsuas yog tus nqi xwb.
Cov cuab yeej no tsis raug kuaj ua ntej vim qhov tsis ntseeg ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.
Kev Tshawb Fawb
Nrog rau kev kuaj mob urographic, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj hauv 20 ml ib 1 feeb. Yog tias muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj maj mam, uas yog ib nrab teev.
Tus neeg mob laus raug tshuaj 0.02 litres ntawm cov tshuaj "Urografin 76" lossis 0.05 litres ntawm 60% tshuaj. Ua kom cov tshuaj ntawm cov concentration ntau dua rau 0.05 l txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj mob.
Daim duab ntawm lub raum parenchymal cov ntaub so ntswg raug coj mus rau qhov kawg ntawmprick rau cov zaub zoo dua. Txhawm rau pom cov qauv ntawm lub plab thiab cov zis, 1 daim duab yog coj 5 feeb tom qab, thiab 2 yog noj 12 feeb tom qab cov kua dej.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj 0.1 l, lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 10 feeb. Rau cov neeg uas muaj kab mob myocardial, cov nyiaj no yog nchuav rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv ib nrab teev. Thawj cov duab tau muab tso rau thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev taw qhia, thiab cov tom ntej no tau muab 20 feeb.
Hauv kev kuaj X-ray ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thaum aortography, angiocardiography lossis coronary angiography tau ua, siv cov tshuaj "Urografin" ntau npaum li cas. Kev siv cov tshuaj 76% yog nyiam. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm lub hnub nyoog yam ntxwv, qhov hnyav, feeb ntim ntawm lub plawv cov leeg, kev noj qab nyob zoo, thiab txoj kev tswj hwm.
Cov kab mob tso zis tau kawm siv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas urographic retrograde, uas tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv tau txhaj tshuaj catheterically rau hauv lumen ntawm cov zis. Ib 30% kua yog siv, uas yog tau los ntawm diluting ib 60% tov nrog dej txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1 mus rau 1. Kom tsis txhob spasms nyob rau hauv lub ureter thaum khaus los ntawm ib tug txias tshuaj, qhov sib piv tus neeg sawv cev yog rhuab mus rau 36 degrees.
Rau qee qhov kev kuaj mob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom 60 feem pua. Kev siv tshuaj ntau dhau qee zaum ua rau cov tsos mob khaus khaus.
Tus neeg sawv cev yog infused nyob rau hauv fluoroscopic tswj los ua arthrographic,Kev kuaj hysterosalpingographic thiab retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Yuav ua li cas haus cov tshuaj kom raug
Txhawm rau ua cov tomography ntawm cov hnyuv thiab lwm yam kabmob, cov kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj "Urografin". Cov lus qhia rau kev siv sab hauv tsis pom zoo kom noj, nws tsis piav txog txoj kev siv no. Yog tias tus kws kho mob tsis tau qhia rau tus neeg mob txog cov cai ntawm kev siv thiab tshuaj, ces nws yuav nyuaj rau tus neeg mob nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob pom zoo kom haus cov tshuaj Urographin ua ntej kuaj. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau CT hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub ampoule (20 ml) yuav tsum tau diluted nrog ib liter ntawm dej ntshiab, coj cov kua no mus rau theem.
Siv pib 24 teev ua ntej kuaj mob, ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov hnyuv thiab lwm yam kabmob. Qhov kawg 200 ml ntawm "Urografin" tov yog pom zoo kom muab los ntawm cov lus qhia rau CT thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tsis muaj kev sim ua ntej rau kev siv qhov ncauj.
Thaum tsis siv
Rau cov tshuaj "Urografin" contraindications yog txuam nrog kev nce ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, decompensated los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm lub plawv.
Tus mob pancreatitis tsis suav nrog cholangiopancreatography.
Hysterosalpingographic kuaj mob tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm yug menyuam thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob hnyav hauv cheeb tsam pelvic.
Myelographic, ventriculographic thiab cisternographicCov kev tshawb fawb tsis tau ua nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv no vim nws cov teebmeem neurotoxic.
kev tawm tsam tsis zoo
Rau cov tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia rau kev siv suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev phiv thaum lub sij hawm intravascular infusion. Kev ua pa tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog ua pa luv, hnoos, pulmonary edema, ua pa nres.
Kev cuam tshuam hauv plab hnyuv yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntuav, mob plab.
Kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha yog cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav siab thiab ntau zaus contractile. Qee zaum muaj teeb meem thromboembolic tuaj yeem tshwm sim, ua rau lub plawv nres ntawm myocardial cov leeg.
Kev tsis xav tau ntawm cov zis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub siab thiab lub raum ua haujlwm.
Kev hloov pauv hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm mob taub hau, tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis nco qab, tsis zoo ntawm kev hnov lus thiab pom kev pom, convulsive qaug dab peg, ntshai lub teeb, coma, tsaug zog.
Cov xwm txheej hauv zos muaj xws li mob, venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis lesions, cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis.
Txoj kev kho mob
Tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia qhia siv ua tib zoo thaum muaj kev nkag siab ntau dhau rau tus neeg sawv cev uas muaj iodine. Kev tswj xyuas kom raug yuav tsum tau ua rau lub raum mob hnyav thiab mob siab, ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm cov leeg nqaij, mob ntsws emphysema, kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo ntawm tus neeg mob, atherosclerotic vascular mob,decompensated nce ntshav qab zib, subclinical ntxiv dag zog rau cov thyroid caj pas thiab generalized myeloma. Cov teebmeem uas tsis xav tau hauv cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Kev siv cov tshuaj radiopaque tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua pa nyuaj, erythema ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua pob liab liab, kub hnyiab lossis o ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub taub hau. Hauv kev mob hnyav, angioedema, bronchial spasm thiab anaphylactic shock tshwm sim. Cov teebmeem uas tsis xav tau tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv 60 feeb tom qab noj tshuaj.
Feem ntau, cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob uas ua xua rau cov nqaij nruab deg thiab cov khoom siv iodized, uas tau muaj kab mob hay fever, urticaria lossis bronchial hawb pob. Ua ntej yuav muab tshuaj radiopaque, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob yav dhau los. Yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis haum, ces siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los tiv thaiv nws.
Kev nkag siab zoo rau cov tshuaj nce ntxiv nrog kev siv beta-blockers. Cov tshuaj no ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum rau kev kho mob.
Inorganic iodine kua muaj peev xwm hloov cov haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Cov ntaub ntawv no raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum muab cov tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas muaj daim ntawv latent ntawm hyperthyroidism.
Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog laus, muaj ib tug pathology ntawm vascular phab ntsa thiab ib tug neurological mob tsis ruaj tsis khov,uas txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis xav tau los ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj iodine sib piv.
Nrog cov tshuaj intravascular, qee zaum muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm lub raum. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws, koj yuav tsum kawm cov kab mob hauv lub raum yav dhau los, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub cev no. Qhov kev pheej hmoo yog nce los ntawm myeloma, muaj hnub nyoog siab, mob vascular kab mob, paraproteinemia, mob ntshav siab, tso zis ntawm uric acid nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha.
Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, ua ntej ua cov txheej txheem hydration uas siv cov txheej txheem intravascular infusion. Nws kuj tseem ua tiav qhov kawg ntawm kev kuaj mob kom tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv ntawm lub raum.
Txhawm rau txo lub nra ntawm lub cev thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm cov tshuaj, tsis txhob siv tshuaj nephrotoxic thiab cholecystographic qhov ncauj, tsis txhob ua angioplasty ntawm lub raum cov hlab ntsha lossis kev phais loj.
Nrog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm lub plawv li qub thiab nrog nce siab hauv lub ntsws, kev siv tshuaj ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hemodynamic. Cov neeg laus uas muaj kab mob myocardial yav dhau los yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ischemic thiab arrhythmic lesions. Yog tias muaj lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd nrog kev siv intravascular, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws o.
Reviews
Feem ntau, cov neeg mob ib txwm pom cov tshuaj radiopaque. Txhua yam kev phiv los ntawm kev noj tshuaj yog piav qhia los ntawm cov tshuaj "Urografin" cov lus qhia. Kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau qhia tau hais tias muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov neeg mob feem ntau qhia tus txheej txheem kuaj mob nws tus kheej dua li kev siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv.
Muaj kev tshuaj xyuas txog kev qhia tshuaj rau hauv lub tsev menyuam. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau tsis xis nyob, tsis xis nyob.
Tsis yog txhua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm muaj cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm "Urografin" tshuaj. Rau CT, kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj diluted hauv qhov ncauj ib hnub ua ntej kev kuaj mob thiab hauv chav kho mob. Nws saj zoo li cov dej tsis muaj xim zoo tib yam, uas tsis hnov tsw ntawm dab tsi.
Muaj kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo thaum tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem kuaj mob urographic vim muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm qhov tsis xis nyob thaum tswj hwm cov tshuaj. Tus neeg mob tau mob, nws cov ntshav poob qis heev.
Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias thaum tsis muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov tshuaj iodine, kev siv tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai. Cov tshuaj no nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb yog siv los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij rau kev kuaj.
