Kev hloov pauv yog hu ua kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv DNA qauv ntawm cov kab mob nyob, ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua yam kev txawv txav hauv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Yog li, cia peb xav txog qhov kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi, cov laj thawj rau nws qhov tshwm sim thiab cov kev faib tawm uas muaj nyob hauv kev tshawb fawb. Nws tseem tsim nyog them nqi rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv genotype ntawm xwm.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias kev hloov pauv ib txwm muaj thiab muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob ntawm txhua tus tsiaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb, ntxiv rau, txog li ob peb puas ntawm lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv ib lub cev. Lawv qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov hnyav yog nyob ntawm seb qhov ua rau lawv raug provoked thiab cov caj ces caj ces raug kev txom nyem.
Cas of mutations
Qhov ua rau ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog ib txwm muaj, tab sis kuj tsim khoom, hauv chav kuaj. Cov kws tshawb fawb caj ces txheeb xyuas cov hauv qab no rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv:
1) hluav taws xob (ionizing thiab X-ray) - thaum cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hla dhau lub cev, lawv hloovtsub nqi ntawm electrons ntawm atoms, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm chemical-biological thiab physico-chemical processes;
2) qhov nce hauv lub cev kub kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv vim yog dhau lub cev qhov kev ua siab ntev;
3) DNA cell faib yuav muaj kev ncua qeeb thiab qee zaum overgrowth;
4) "kev tawg" ntawm DNA hlwb, tom qab ntawd txawm tias thaum kho dua tshiab nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab lub atom mus rau nws lub xeev qub, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tau.
Kev faib tawm ntawm kev hloov pauv
Muaj ntau tshaj 30 qhov kev hloov pauv hauv cov genotypes thiab cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv ntiaj teb, thiab lawv tsis yog ib txwm hais tawm sab nraud lossis sab hauv deformities, ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis ua rau tsis xis nyob.. Txhawm rau nrhiav cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Dab tsi yog kev hloov pauv?" - Koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau kev faib tawm ntawm mutogens, uas yog pawg nyob ntawm qhov ua rau lawv.
1. Raws li lub typology ntawm hloov hlwb, somatic thiab generative mutations yog txawv. Thawj yog pom nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm mammalian cov kab mob nyob, yog kis tau los ntawm qub txeeg qub tes. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam (piv txwv li, txawv qhov muag xim, thiab lwm yam). Qhov thib ob feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab invertebrates, tshwm sim los ntawm unfavorable sab nraud ib puag ncig yam (kev loj hlob ntawm fungi ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab lwm yam).
2. Raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv, cov kev hloov pauv hauv nuclear yog qhov txawv, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau DNA (lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho. Kev kho mob), thiab cytoplasmic - cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv hauv txhua lub hlwb thiab cov kua dej uas cuam tshuam nrog lub nucleus (kho tau lossis ua kom tshem tawm, xws li kev hloov pauv tseem hu ua atavisms).
3. Raws li cov laj thawj uas ua rau pom qhov hloov pauv, muaj cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim tam sim ntawd thiab tsis muaj laj thawj, thiab dag (induced) - cov no yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab lub cev.
4. Nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev hloov pauv tau muab faib ua:
1) genomic - hloov pauv ntawm cov lej ntawm chromosomes (Down's disease);
2) noob kev hloov pauv - kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab ke ntawm nucleotide kev tsim kho thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov DNA tshiab (phenylketonuria).
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv
Feem ntau, lawv ua mob rau tag nrho lub cev, vim lawv cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, thiab qee zaum ua rau tuag. Kev hloov pauv tau zoo yeej tsis tshwm sim, txawm tias lawv muab cov hwj chim loj. Lawv dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xaiv ntuj thiab cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov kab mob nyob, ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm hom tshiab lossis degeneration. Yog li, teb cov lus nug: "Dab tsi yog kev hloov pauv?" - Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov no yog qhov hloov pauv me ntsis hauv cov qauv DNA uas cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob.
