Dab tsi yog CD4 lymphocytes thiab vim li cas lawv tus lej tseem ceeb heev, txhua tus neeg mob HIV paub. Rau peb feem ntau, lub tswv yim no tsis paub. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog cov qe ntshav dawb, CD4 thiab CD8 lymphocytes, lawv lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseem ceeb.
Peb cov neeg tiv thaiv tseem ceeb
Lymphocytes yog ib yam ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kab mob, kab mob, kab mob fungal, tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab koom tes ua haujlwm ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob..
Muaj 3 hom lymphocytes:
- B-lymphocytes yog "cov neeg soj xyuas" ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv, muaj ib zaug ntsib nrog cov kab mob, nco ntsoov nws. Nws ua tsaug rau lawv uas peb txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb tau muaj. Lawv yog 10-15%.
- NK-lymphocytes yog "KGB" ntawm peb lub cev. Lawv taug qab "tus neeg ntxeev siab" - kab mob ntawm lub cev lossis cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Lawv yog 5-10%.
- T-lymphocytes yog "cov tub rog" ntawm peb txoj kev tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv - txog 80%, lawv ntes thiab rhuav tshemCov kab mob uas nkag mus rau peb lub cev.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Txhua cov lymphocytes yog 15 txog 20 microns hauv txoj kab uas hla. Lub ntim ntawm lub cytoplasm yog loj, thiab lub nucleus tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov duab nrog lub teeb chromatin. T-lymphocytes thiab B-lymphocytes tuaj yeem sib txawv tsuas yog siv cov txheej txheem immunomorphological.
Txhua tus muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau hauv cov kua nruab nrog cev thiab cov kua nruab nrog cev.
Protein receptors nyob rau saum npoo ntawm T-lymphocyte daim nyias nyias, uas yog txuam nrog molecules ntawm tib neeg loj histocompatibility complex. Nws yog cov co-receptors uas txiav txim siab ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm uas ntau hom leukocytes daws.
Lawv lub neej nyob nruab nrab yog 3-5 hnub, lawv tuag ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, lossis hauv daim siab thiab tus po. Thiab txhua yam yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha los ntawm hematopoietic precursors.
T-lymphocytes: cov lus qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv
Cov tub rog loj no ua haujlwm rau peb cov txiaj ntsig ntau txoj hauv kev:
- T-killers ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Ntawm lawv daim nyias nyias muaj nyias CD8 co-receptor proteins.
- T-tus pab txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv cov lus teb thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws rau B-lymphocytes kom lawv tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lawv daim nyias nyias yog glycoprotein CD4.
- T-suppressors tswj lub zog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Peb txaus siab ua haujlwm thiabtus nqi ntawm T-lymphocytes ntawm CD4 pab. Nws yog hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pab cuam uas peb yuav tham kom ntxaws.
me ntsis ntxiv txog lymphocytes
Txhua cov lymphocytes yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha pob txha los ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic tshwj xeeb (hematopoietic qia cell, los ntawm Greek lo lus haima - ntshav, poiesis - tsim). B-lymphocytes tau loj hlob hauv cov pob txha, tab sis T-lymphocytes nyob rau hauv lub caj pas thymus lossis thymus, uas yog vim li cas lawv tau txais lawv lub npe.
Cov ntawv sau CD sawv cev rau pawg ntawm kev sib txawv. Cov no yog cov proteins tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cell membranes, uas muaj ntau ntau lub kaum os. Tab sis CD4 thiab CD8 feem ntau raug tshuaj xyuas, vim lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob.
HIV and CD4 cells
Nws yog T-tus pab uas yog lub hom phiaj rau kev tawm tsam ntawm tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tus kab mob no nkag mus rau cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ntxig nws cov DNA rau hauv DNA ntawm lymphocyte. Lub cd4 lymphocyte tuag thiab muab lub teeb liab los ua kom cov T-helpers tshiab. Qhov no yog raws nraim li tus kab mob xav tau - nws tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau cov tub ntxhais hluas lymphocytes. Yog li ntawd, peb muaj lub voj voog phem uas peb tiv thaiv tsis tau, zoo li txhua yam tshuaj niaj hnub.
Norm and tasks
Nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm CD4 T-lymphocytes hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev. Yog muaj ob peb, lub cev tsis muaj zog.
Tus naj npawb ntawm CD4 lymphocytes hauv ib lub cubic millimeter ntawm cov ntshav yog los ntawm 500 txog 1500 units. Kev suav lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg muaj HIV. Precisely raws liTus naj npawb ntawm CD4 lymphocytes hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav, tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab pib kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob HIV, thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob, cov neeg pab hauv cov ntshav txo qis los ntawm 50-100 hlwb ib xyoos. Thaum cov CD4 lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav tsawg dua 200 units, cov neeg mob pib tsim cov kab mob AIDS (piv txwv li, pneumocystis pneumonia).
Txoj kev pab ntawm kev kuaj ntshav
Rau ib tug neeg zoo tib yam, nws tsis yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb uas tseem ceeb dua, tab sis lawv qhov kev faib ua feem hauv cov ntshav, thiab nws yog kab ntawv no feem ntau pom hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav. Hauv cov neeg noj qab haus huv, qhov feem ntawm CD4 lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav yog 32-68% ntawm tag nrho cov leukocytes.
Nws yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm T-tus pab cuam uas feem ntau yog qhov tseeb dua li lawv suav ncaj qha. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov pab hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau lub hlis los ntawm 200 txog 400, tab sis lawv feem yog 21%. Thiab tsuav yog qhov ntsuas no tsis hloov, peb tuaj yeem xav tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov qub.
Yog tias qhov feem pua ntawm CD4 T-lymphocytes txo qis mus rau 13%, tsis hais lawv tus lej, qhov no txhais tau tias kev puas tsuaj loj tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Immune status
Hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam, qhov piv ntawm T-tus pab rau T-killers - CD4 + / CD8 + (tus naj npawb ntawm CD4 lymphocytes faib los ntawm tus lej ntawm cd8 lymphocytes) kuj tuaj yeem qhia tau. Cov neeg muaj tus kab mob HIV yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsawg CD4 suav thiab CD8 suav, thiab, raws li, lawv qhov piv yuav yogqis. Ntxiv mus, yog tias qhov ntsuas no nce ntxiv thaum kho, qhov no qhia tau tias kev kho tshuaj ua haujlwm.
Qhov piv ntawm CD4 rau CD8 lymphocytes ntawm 0.9 txog 1.9 yog suav tias yog ib txwm nyob hauv tib neeg cov ntshav suav.
Tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tus nqi
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus lej thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pab pawg tseem ceeb thiab subpopulations ntawm lymphocytes hauv cov neeg mob cov ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, lymphoproliferative pathologies thiab kab mob HIV.
CD4 suav tuaj yeem nce ntxiv nrog rau lwm yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob xws li kev kis kab mob lossis kev hloov pauv hloov.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus lej thiab qhov sib piv ntawm cov lymphocyte subpopulations yog siv los lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob, saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhawm rau kwv yees qhov hnyav thiab lub sijhawm ntawm tus kab mob, thiab ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob..
Thaum twg xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas?
Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj ntshav CD4 yog:
- Cov kab mob sib kis uas muaj qhov mob ntev thiab ntev, mob rov qab tsis tu ncua.
- Kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov yug los lossis tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- kab mob autoimmune.
- YOncological pathologies.
- kab mob ua xua.
- Kev kuaj ua ntej thiab tom qab hloov pauv.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg mob ua ntej kev phais plab loj.
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv lub sijhawm postoperative.
- Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kev ua tau zoocytostatics, immunosuppressants thiab immunomodulators.
Npaj thiab tshuaj ntsuam
Biomaterial rau kev soj ntsuam kuaj mob - tus neeg mob cov ntshav venous. Ua ntej pub ntshav rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm CD4 + / CD8 +, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis suav nrog kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev. Ntshav tau noj ntawm lub plab khoob, noj mov kawg yog tsawg kawg 8 teev ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos thiab cov neeg mob uas tau txwv tsis pub yoo mov raug tso cai noj zaub mov ob teev ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam.
txhais cov txiaj ntsig
Tus CD4+/CD8+ piv yog siab dua li ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob xws li lymphocytic leukemia, thymoma, Wegener's kab mob thiab Cesari's syndrome. Kev nce ntawm cov cell tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj cov kab mob tseem ceeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv autoimmune.
Daim duab no nce nrog mononucleosis, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob Epstein-Barr, mob lymphocytic leukemia, myasthenia gravis, ntau yam sclerosis, kab mob HIV.
Ratios hauv cheeb tsam ntawm peb feem ntau pom thaum lub sijhawm mob hnyav ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib kis. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, txo tus naj npawb ntawm T-pab thiab nce tus naj npawb ntawm T-suppressors feem ntau pom.
Txo qhov ntsuas no vim qhov nce ntawm tus lej ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog yam ntxwv ntawm qee cov qog (Kaposi's sarcoma) thiab kab mob lupus erythematosus (ib qho tsis xws luag ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob).
