Hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism yog cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov poj niam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 30 xyoo muaj feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov mob no. Thaum ntxov, tus kab mob tuaj yeem kho tau zoo, thaum kev kuaj mob lig tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm chav kawm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm daim duab kho mob tiag tiag, paub qhov twg koj tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab tswj koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Anatomy
Cov thyroid caj pas yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov thyroid pob txha nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm caj dab. Lub trachea, larynx, carotid hlab ntsha thiab paj hlwb nyob ze rau nws. Cov thyroid caj pas muaj sab laug thiab sab xis lobes, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 6 lub pob txha mos ntawm lub trachea. Tseem muaj ib qho isthmus uas txuas cov shares. Nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm 3rd pob txha mos ntawm lub trachea. Cov ntshav yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas sab sauv thiab qis. Nkag mus rau hauv lub stroma ntawm lub cev, lawv muab faib ua ntau ceg, nourishing txhua cell. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj lwm yam qog, parathyroid. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm cov haujlwm, lawv tau ceev faj heev kom cais lawv. Tom qab tag nrho, tshem tawm xws li chaw nres tshebParathyroid hormone tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tuag.
Qhov txawv ntawm hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism yog dab tsi? Kev sib piv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov thyroid caj pas hauv cov mob no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig - ob qho tib si hauv thawj thiab thib ob, nws yuav nce ntxiv.
Thyroid function
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov qauv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog thyrocyte. Nws yog lub xovtooj ntawm tes uas ntes cov iodine ions tsis zoo los ntawm cov ntshav thiab, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov enzyme tshwj xeeb, tsim cov protein - thyroglobulin. Thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, koom nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm ob lub ntsiab hormones: triiodothyronine thiab thyroxine, uas yog tom qab tso rau hauv cov ntshav.
Lub hom phiaj rau lawv qhov kev ua yog kiag li txhua lub hlwb ntawm peb lub cev. Triiodothyronine thiab thyroxine koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm lub cev metabolism, txhawb cov leeg nqaij thiab tsim cov protein, thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau cov metabolism ntawm cov vitamins A thiab B12.
Ntxiv rau thyrocytes, cov thyroid caj pas muaj ob hom cell ntxiv. Qee qhov tsim cov calcitonin, thaum lub sijhawm tom kawg yog ib hom kev cia siab los hloov cov neeg ua haujlwm ploj uas tsim ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism, lawv cov tsos mob nyob ntawm tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine hauv cov ntshav, tab sis kuj muaj cov receptors tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg rau lawv.
Cov ntsiab lus teb
Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj huab tais ntawm tag nrho cov endocrine qog - lub pituitary caj pas. Nws yog nws leej twg, nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov tshuaj hormones, tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog adrenal, zes qe menyuam, thyroid caj pas.
Tab siskev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qog pituitary kuj tseem tswj tau. Lub hypothalamus, nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov tshuaj hormones liberins thiab statins, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis ua kom lub zais zis ntawm lub qog pituitary. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lem, secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, uas nkoos lub thyroid caj pas.
Yog tias qhov txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine hauv cov ntshav, lub teeb liab raug xa mus rau pituitary caj pas thiab cov synthesis ntawm thyrotropin tau qhib. Nws nce qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, thiab qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones rov qab los rau nws cov qauv qub. Yog hais tias theem ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, lub hypothalamus secretes statins, uas inhibit qhov secretion ntawm pituitary caj pas. Cov thyroid-stimulating hormone tsis secreted, thiab cov thyroid caj pas nres secreting cov tshuaj hormones. Yog li, theem ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine rov qab mus rau qhov qub.
Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism ntawm cov thyroid caj pas yog cov xwm txheej uas qhov tshwm sim hormonal cuam tshuam thim rov qab cov ntsiab lus tawm tswv yim tawm tsam tib neeg lub cev.
Hyperthyroidism: txhais, cov ntaub ntawv thiab thawj cov tsos mob
Hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsos mob no yuav pab kom kuaj tau sai sai ntawm pathology. Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum xub muab rau cov haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine. Hyperthyroidism yog ib yam mob ntawm lub cev txuam nrog ntau tshaj ntawm cov thyroid hormones. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem yog thawj hauv pathology ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nws tus kheej, theem nrab - ua txhaum ntawm lub caj pas pituitary - thiab tertiary - yog tias tsis ua haujlwm ntawm hypothalamus.
Muaj peb hom hyperthyroidism: asymptomatic, manifest, nyuaj. Thawj daim ntawvtus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis pom kev pom ntawm tus kab mob, thiab kev kuaj mob tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev kuaj thiab ntsuas ntsuas. Daim ntawv manifest yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov tsos mob zoo nkauj. Hyperthyroidism yog suav tias yog qhov nyuaj thaum cov kab mob pathological los ntawm lwm yam kabmob thiab cov kab ke txuas nrog. Piv txwv li: qhov tshwm sim ntawm arrhythmia, qhov tsos ntawm edema.
thawj cov tsos mob uas yuav tsum tau saib yog qhov poob qis heev. Cov neeg mob kuj muaj tsawg blinking, nce lub plawv dhia, bulging ob lub qhov muag, tawm hws, nqhis dej tas li, thiab lub sijhawm ntawm overeating. Insomnia thiab chim siab dhau los ua tus khub tas li. Cov poj niam muaj kev coj khaub ncaws tsis xwm yeem.
Hypothyroidism: thawj cov tsos mob
Hypothyroidism yog ib yam mob ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis muaj cov thyroid hormones. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau thawj, theem nrab thiab theem nrab. Raws li cov tsos mob, nws kuj tau muab faib ua subclinical, manifest thiab complex cov ntaub ntawv. Cov neeg mob tau sau tseg qhov txo qis hauv kev xav, qaug zog, tsaug zog, hnyav nce. Cov tawv nqaij qhuav, nkig plaub hau, cem quav, lub plawv dhia qeeb, ntshav siab - tag nrho cov no yuav tsum ua rau lub tswv yim ntawm hypothyroidism thiab ua ib qho laj thawj rau kev mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum ntxov. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism?
Qhov txawv
Kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism, lawv cov tsos mob yog qhov txawv txav. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv hauv kev kuaj mob, nrog rau kev zamCov ntaub ntawv subclinical, uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntawv kuaj. Rau kev kuaj mob, kev txiav txim siab ntawm qib thyroxine dawb, triiodothyronine thiab thyroid-stimulating hormone yog siv.
Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism: cov tsos mob
| Sign | YHypothyroidism | YHyperthyroidism |
| Lub cev hnyav | Kev nce qib | Kev poob qis |
| - | daim tawv nqaij ntub, tawm hws, plaub hau roj | |
| Kev xav sphere | Kev txaus siab, kev ua siab loj | |
| Nervous system | Txo txhua qhov kev xav | Txhaj rau txhua qhov kev xav |
| Lub plawv dhia qeeb, ntshav siab | Ntau lub plawv dhia, nce ntshav siab | |
| YDigestive system | Kev cem quav | Zoo, ntuav |
kho mob hyperthyroidism
Kev kho mob ntawm thyrotoxicosis yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj thiab ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab tswj xyuas kom zoo. Cia peb txheeb xyuas nws cov ntsiab cai yooj yim. Hauv cov neeg mob hyperthyroidism, lub zog metabolism yog nce, uas txhais tau tiasLawv noj cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates ntau ntxiv, uas ua rau poob phaus. Yog vim li ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho cov zaub mov. Thawj txoj haujlwm yuav yog txhawm rau ua kom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus caloric ntawm cov khoom noj txhua hnub. Koj yuav tsum tswj nws ntawm qib 3500 kilocalories. Ntau yam khoom noj siv mis, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, zaub thiab nqaij ntshiv. Kas fes, txuj lom, tshuaj yej muaj zog, nceb thiab cov khoom noj muaj roj yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm cov khoom noj. Kev kho tshuaj ntawm hyperthyroidism nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab muaj cov kab mob sib kis los yog teeb meem. Antithyroid tshuaj ua rau cov thyroid hlwb thiab thaiv cov synthesis ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine.
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev kho mob zoo li no yog qhov siab heev thiab muaj txog 50%. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum noj tshuaj li 8 lub lis piam kom txog thaum cov tsos mob ntawm hyperthyroidism ploj tag. Txoj kev kho no haum rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 50 xyoo uas tsis muaj kev sib kis. Kev kho mob radioactive iodine yog siv rau cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo uas muaj kab mob siab heev thiab nodular degeneration ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
Txoj kev kho no ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm thyrocytes, thiab cov tsos mob ploj mus. Kev kho mob nrog radioactive iodine yog nruj me ntsis contraindicated rau cev xeeb tub, lactating thiab cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 20 xyoo. Yog tias kev kho tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm, ces lawv mus rau kev kho mob phais, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub radical tshem tawm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Txoj kev no kuj tseem siv rau cov txheej txheem tsis tau teev tseg lossis xav tias mob qog noj ntshav.
Tiv thaiv hyperthyroidism
Kev txiav txim siabNtau qhov laj thawj rau kev txhim kho ntawm tus mob no, nws nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob no. Tab sis yog tias koj ua raws li cov ntsiab cai dav dav, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hyperthyroidism lossis kuaj pom nws thaum ntxov. Nws raug nquahu kom mus kuaj ultrasound ntawm cov thyroid caj pas ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis thiab pub ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones. Nws kuj tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los tswj koj lub siab ntsws keeb kwm yav dhau los, ntxiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub ntxiv rau koj cov zaub mov.
Kev kho mob hypothyroidism
Tshuaj kho mob thiab noj zaub mov yog tsim los tshem tawm cov thyroid caj pas. Noj cov zaub mov uas yooj yim digestible thiab tsawg-calorie. Tseeb, nrog hypothyroidism, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic cuam tshuam thiab cov txheej txheem oxidative hauv cov ntaub so ntswg raug kev txom nyem. Cov nqaij nruab deg yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv cov khoom noj. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv iodine. Cov zaub nyoos thiab tshuaj ntsuab tshiab kuj txais tos. Cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau yuav pab txhim kho plab hnyuv. Nws tseem pom zoo kom siv kas fes ntuj. Nws muaj magnesium thiab B vitamins.
Nrog rau kev kho tshuaj rau hypothyroidism, cov neeg mob tau tos lub neej siv cov tshuaj hloov kho. Hauv kev kho mob tshuaj L-thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine yog siv. Cov no yog cov analogues ntawm tib neeg cov thyroid hormones. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no tsis kho hypothyroidism, lawv tsuas yog ua rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm iodine hauv lub cev. Nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj, cov tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism yuav twv yuav raug hu rov qab. Kev kho mob pib nrog cov koob tshuaj tsawg tsawg. Hauv cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo, qhov ntau npaum li cas yog txo los ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov pib koob tshuaj nrog kev kho mob.
Tiv thaiv hypothyroidism
Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm iodine hauv dej tau sau tseg hauv Russia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no uas hu ua endemic goiter muaj ntau. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai yooj yim noj zaub mov, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm endemic hypothyroidism. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom suav nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine hauv koj cov zaub mov. Cov no suav nrog: roj ntses, seaweed, kefir, cranberries, cod, qhob cij dawb, txiv tsawb.
Kev hloov ntawm ib lub xeev mus rau lwm qhov
Puas yog hypothyroidism hloov mus ua hyperthyroidism? Hauv kev kho mob, ntau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tau piav qhia. Qhov no yog ua tau nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm kev kho tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm hypothyroidism. Kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov thyroid hormones analogues tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hyperthyroidism. Yog hais tias hypothyroidism tau hloov mus ua hyperthyroidism, qhov no yog ib qho kev poob siab loj rau lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv, digestive thiab paj hlwb. Clinically, tshuaj-induced hyperthyroidism tsis txawv ntawm tib yam mob nyob rau hauv pathology ntawm cov thyroid caj pas nws tus kheej los yog lub pituitary caj pas. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev kuaj mob thiab ua mob rau lub cev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tshuaj kho mob ntawm kev hloov kho hauv kev kho mob hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism hloov mus ua hypothyroidism
Qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas hauv kev kho mob hyperthyroidism raug ua txhaum cai. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem tsawg heev uas tshwm sim thaum tsis tau txheeb xyuas.kev kho mob. Saum toj no, koj yuav tsum paub meej cov tsos mob. Qhov hnyav nce, tsis qab los noj mov, kev nyuaj siab thiab txo cov ntshav siab yuav tsum ceeb toom rau tus neeg mob thiab nws tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum hyperthyroidism tau hloov mus ua hypothyroidism, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuaj kho sai sai.
