Ntau cov ntshav potassium: ua rau thiab kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Ntau cov ntshav potassium: ua rau thiab kho
Ntau cov ntshav potassium: ua rau thiab kho

Video: Ntau cov ntshav potassium: ua rau thiab kho

Video: Ntau cov ntshav potassium: ua rau thiab kho
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Cov ntshav muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua qee yam txheej txheem hauv lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tswj tau qhov ionic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntshav. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev no yuav ua tau cellular cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus kom raug. Lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ions belongs rau potassium. Cov kab mob ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. Nws koom nrog cov txheej txheem biochemical hauv lub hlwb thiab qee yam kabmob ntawm lub plab zom mov. Tag nrho cov kab ke no tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav yog tias muaj cov poov tshuaj siab hauv cov ntshav. Yog vim li cas rau tus mob no yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws.

ntshav siab potassium ua rau
ntshav siab potassium ua rau

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv lub cev

Cov kab no muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb yog lub luag haujlwm rau ntau yam txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Nws tswj cov dej sib npaug, normalizes lub plawv dhia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov poov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb feem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov leeg nqaij thiab paj hlwb.

Qhov microelement no txhawb lub hlwb kom pom tseeb, pab lub cev tshem tawm cov co toxins thiab co toxins, txhim kho lub hlwb oxygenation. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov poov tshuaj zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj immunomodulators. Cov kab mob zoo pab tiv thaiv kev ua xua thiab pab txo cov ntshav siab.

Yog li, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov poov tshuaj rau lub cev yog raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Kev tswj cov kua qaub-puag hauv cov ntshav, dej sib npaug ntawm cellular thiab intercellular kua, dej- ntsev tshuav, osmotic siab.
  2. Kev kis ntawm paj hlwb impulses.
  3. Ua kom muaj qee yam enzymes, carbohydrate thiab protein metabolism.
  4. Txhim lub plawv dhia ib txwm.
  5. YProtein synthesis, converting qabzib rau glycogen.
  6. Txhim kho lub raum normalization (excretory muaj nuj nqi).
  7. Txhim kho plab hnyuv.
  8. kev txhawb siab ib txwm.

Muab tag nrho cov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog dab tsi zais, yog tias nce cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav tau kuaj pom, qhov ua rau ntawm qhov tshwm sim no. Tab sis ua ntej nkag siab txog qhov chaw ntawm pathology, ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb dua yuav tsum tau kov rau.

Dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm qib nce?

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab hauv lub cev nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li:

  • noj cov zaub mov nrog zaub mov;
  • nws faib rau hauv lub cev;
  • microelement output.
ntshav siab potassium ua rau
ntshav siab potassium ua rau

Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev rau poov tshuajtsis muaj "depot" muab. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm qib yuav tsum tau ua rau muaj ntau yam kev ua txhaum cai. Cia peb xav seb yog vim li cas cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav nce lossis txo qis, thiab nws yog dab tsi.

Thaum pib, xav txog cov ntsiab lus dab tsi yog qhov pom tau.

Hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg Tus lej ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav plasma (mmol / l)
Tus me nyuam qis dua 1 xyoos 4, 1–5, 3
Me nyuam 1-14 xyoos 3, 4-4, 7
Cov neeg mob hnub nyoog 14+ 3, 5-5, 5

Rau ib tug neeg, ob qho tib si tsis muaj thiab cov poov tshuaj ntau dhau yog qhov txaus ntshai. Cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv yog tias kev tsom xam pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov ntshav siab tshaj 5.5. Qhov no, tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom tias muaj hyperkalemia.

Nyob ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov poov tshuaj "ntau tshaj", tus neeg mob tuaj yeem txhim kho:

  1. Paralysis ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Qhov xwm txheej yuav yog ib ntus. Kev qaug zog dav dav nrog nws.
  2. Lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tsim ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia thiab lwm yam kev mob tsis zoo. Ib txhia txawm ua rau tuag lawm.
  3. Impaired ua pa tsis ua hauj lwm, mus nres.

tsis yog vim li cas rau qhov nce

Yog li, vim li cas thiaj muaj cov poov tshuaj ntau ntxiv hauv cov ntshav? Cov laj thawj rau lub xeev no yog qhov tseeb lossis tsis tseeb. Peb yuav tham txog yav dhau los tom qab. Tam sim no xav txog dab tsi yam tuaj yeem qhia tsis tseeb hyperkalemia. Tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem kuaj ntshav tsis zoo.

Kev kuaj yuav pom cov poov tshuaj siab yog:

  • lub xub pwg nyom nrog lub tourniquet ntev ntev (ntau tshaj 2-3 feeb);
  • cov khoom siv roj ntsha tsis zoo khaws cia;
  • ntshav kuaj tau tshwm sim tom qab kev qhia txog cov tshuaj potassium rau hauv lub cev;
  • ib leeg raug mob thaum tsom xam;
  • tus neeg mob tau nce qib ntawm leukocytes, platelets.

Yog tus kws kho mob tsis ntseeg qhov kev tshawb fawb, tus neeg mob raug pom zoo kom rov kuaj dua.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb

Tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov tseeb, uas muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav. Cov laj thawj tuaj yeem dag nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam los yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob sab hauv.

nce qib ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav ua rau
nce qib ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav ua rau

Ntau qhov chaw ntawm hyperkalemia yog:

  1. Kev tsim txom ntau ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cov poov tshuaj ntau dhau. Cov khoom noj xws li txiv ntseej, zaub qhwv, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, nceb, molasses, txiv tsawb nce cov kab mob hauv cov ntshav plasma. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob pathological tuaj yeem txhim kho tsuas yog yog tias tus neeg mob tau ua txhaum ntawm lub raum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm excretory.
  2. Kev tso tawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov poov tshuaj los ntawm cov hlwb. Xws li ib tug redistribution ntawm ions yuav dictated los ntawm ntau yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cev. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob no tshwm sim nws tus kheej nrog cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm insulin, nce ntxivacidosis (acidification ntawm cov kua dej interstitial). Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic, uas cov poov tshuaj nce ntxiv hauv cov kua nruab nrog cev, tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm cov qog tsim, kub hnyiab, kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov leeg nqaij.
  3. tso zis tsawg. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau tus mob no yog pathology ntawm ob lub raum, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug insufficiency ntawm excretory muaj nuj nqi yog kuaj. Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tuaj yeem raug txiav txim los ntawm qee yam kab mob. Feem ntau, hyperkalemia tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm adrenal tsis txaus, ntshav qab zib nephropathy, kab mob hauv lub cev (xws li lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis).

Tshuaj ua rau

Muaj lwm qhov, vim cov kws kho mob hais tias cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv. Qhov ua rau ntawm tus mob no yuav raug muab zais hauv kev siv qee yam tshuaj. Koj yuav tsum paub tias qee cov tshuaj feem ntau ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo.

tshaj poov tshuaj nce poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav
tshaj poov tshuaj nce poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav

Hyperkalemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm:

  1. NSAIDs.
  2. Potassium-sparing diuretics: Triamterene, Spironoloctone.
  3. Cov tshuaj muaj ntau cov cations. Cov no yog ntau hom tshuaj ntsuab npaj los ntawm nettle, milkweed, dandelions.
  4. Tshuaj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev thauj cov poov tshuaj hla lub cell membrane. Cov tshuaj no yog mob plawv glycosides, beta-blockers, tshuaj "Mannitol"
  5. txhais tau tias txo qhov tso tawm ntawm aldosterone. Cov no yog cov tshuaj antifungalACE blockers, tshuaj "Heparin"

yam ntxwv tsos mob

Tsuas yog kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov ua rau muaj ntshav plasma potassium. Tab sis tus neeg mob nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov lus qhia uas lub cev qhia txog qhov teeb meem.

Thaum hyperkalemia, tus neeg mob muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • hyperactivity, chim siab, muaj kev ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab, profuse tawm hws;
  • degenerative musculoskeletal mob, cov leeg tsis muaj zog yog tshwm sim;
  • arrhythmia, neurocirculatory dystonia tshwm sim;
  • muscle paralysis yog pom;
  • ua rau lub plab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tus neeg mob raug mob los ntawm colic;
  • kev tso zis tshwm sim (peb tab tom tham txog kev nce hauv cov txheej txheem).
yog vim li cas cov poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog nce los yog tsawg thiab nws cov cai
yog vim li cas cov poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog nce los yog tsawg thiab nws cov cai

Txoj kev kuaj mob

Nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawm kev kuaj sim.

Txhawm rau kuaj mob, cov neeg mob tau sau cov ntawv xeem hauv qab no:

  1. pub ntshav. Tus qauv yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 3, 5-5, 5 mmol / l hauv cov ntshav ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cation yog nce.
  2. ntsuas zis. Tso cai rau koj kuaj xyuas qhov concentration ntawm cov poov tshuaj tawm hauv lub cev.
  3. EKG. Pathology yog qhia los ntawm qhov nce amplitude ntawm T yoj, ib qho elongated ventricular complex.

Kev kho mob ntawm pathology

Nco ntsoov, qhov no yog qhov mob hnyav heev yog tias tus neeg mob tau nce cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav. Qhov ua rau thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob yuav muaj peev xwm txhais tau txausspecialist xwb.

Ntxiv rau, kev mob hnyav ntawm hyperkalemia tuaj yeem ua rau, raws li tau hais los saum toj no, ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg: ua pa lossis mob plawv. Yog li ntawd, kev kho mob pib sai li sai tau thaum tus neeg mob tau kuaj pom.

txheeb xyuas cov qib siab ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav
txheeb xyuas cov qib siab ntawm cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav

Kev kho mob suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

  1. Kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj poov tshuaj antagonists. Kev tswj hwm lub plawv nruj, tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv Calcium Gluconate.
  2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov cation hauv cov hlwb. Yog li ntawd, nws cov concentration hauv cov ntshav txo qis. Rau cov laj thawj zoo li no, cov tshuaj tau muab tso rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav: "Insulin" thiab "Glucose".
  3. Ua kom lub cev tawm ntawm cov poov tshuaj los ntawm lub cev nrog cov zis. Thiazide diuretics xws li tshuaj Furosemide tau pom zoo.
  4. Dialysis. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb apparatus, lawv purify cov ntshav. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau muab rau kev mob hnyav.
  5. tshuaj tua kab mob, ion pauv resins. Cov nyiaj no yog tsom rau khaws cov cation hauv cov hnyuv thiab tshem tawm cov quav.
  6. Betta mimetics. Cov tshuaj "Salbutamol" txhawb kev txav ntawm cov poov tshuaj rau hauv cov hlwb.
nce potassium hauv cov ntshav ua rau thiab kho
nce potassium hauv cov ntshav ua rau thiab kho

lus pom zoo

Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov: Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim qhov tseeb, yog tias kuaj pom cov poov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav siab, qhov ua rau tus mob no. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los daws cov kab mob hauv qab, thiab tsis nrog nws cov tsos mob. Yog hais tias tus kab mob yog provoked los ntawm kev noj tshuaj, ces tus kws kho mob yuav txo tau cov tshuaj los yog kiag li tshem tawm cov tshuaj,ua rau pathology. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg mob tau pom zoo rau kev noj zaub mov noj, uas txhais tau tias tsis suav nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cation.

Pom zoo: