Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog cov tshuaj uas ua rau hnoos.
Mob khaub thuas thiab mob khaub thuas ib txwm nrog rau qhov mob ntawm txoj hlab pa, tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov hnoos qeev hauv lub ntsws thiab bronchi. Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj hnoos, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no - hnoos ntub los yog qhuav, ib qho kev nyiam rau kev tsis haum tshuaj, qhov mob hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
Txhawm rau xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos zoo, koj yuav tsum xub paub koj tus kheej nrog kev faib cov tshuaj no. Muaj ob hom tshuaj raws li kev xav:
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tau sau rau qhov mob hnoos qhuav, khaus ntawm lub suab thiab pharynx;
- xov xwm, uas yog npaj rau kev kho mob hnoos ntub nrog hnoos qeev.
Txhua pawg no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom - ntsiav tshuaj, syrups, soluble hmoov thiab tsiav tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav txawv ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov khoom ntuj tsim. Cheebtsam.
Kev faib tawm
Tsis muaj universal hnoos suppressant. Cov tactics ntawm kev kho yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov tsos mob tsis kaj siab no. Kev npaj sib txawv ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua ntawm lub cev. Lawv feem ntau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
- Centrally acting antitussive tshuaj - non-narcotic, narcotic;
- tus neeg sawv cev sab nrauv;
- txhob muab tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- expectorants thiab mucolytics.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los txhawm rau txo cov tsos mob no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Omnitus;
- Codelac;
- Glauvent;
- "Libeksin";
- "Falimint";
- "Sinekod";
- Ascoril;
- "Stoptussin";
- Bronchoton.
Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xaiv cov tshuaj uas haum tshaj plaws hauv qhov no lossis qhov ntawd.
Omnitus
Cov tshuaj hnoos-tshuaj ntawm lub hauv paus ua haujlwm muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb - butamirate citrate, uas tsis yog tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj alkaloids. Cov tshuaj muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw hnoos thiab muaj qhov nruab nrab bronchodilatory, expectorant thiab anti-inflammatory nyhuv, stabilizes ntshav oxygenation thiab spirometry.
Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nwstuaj yeem siv los txhawm rau hnoos hauv cov menyuam yaus txij li 3 xyoos. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub ua ntej uas cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Codelac
"Codelac" - ib qho tshuaj ua ke nrog expectorant thiab antitussive. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj no suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: sodium bicarbonate, codeine, tshuaj ntsuab lanceolate thermopsis hauv daim ntawv hmoov, licorice hauv paus.
Cov tshuaj no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hais tawm expectorant thiab antitussive nyhuv. Codeine txo qhov excitability ntawm qhov chaw hnoos, muaj zog sedative thiab analgesic nyhuv, thiab suppresses lub reflexes uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ntev hnoos. Hauv cov koob tshuaj me me, qhov kev kho no tsis ua rau muaj kev tsim txom ntawm qhov chaw ua pa, txo qis hauv bronchial secretion thiab cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm ciliated epithelium. Cov tshuaj no, uas suppresses hnoos qhuav, muaj ib tug muaj zog expectorant khoom, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ua kom lub suab ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub bronchi raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm vagotropic nyhuv, intensifying lub zog ntawm lub ciliated epithelium thiab accelerates mucus excretion.
Txhim kho cov haujlwm zais cia ntawm cov qog ntawm lub bronchi. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog qhov txawv ntawm ganglion thaiv cov khoom. Cov tshuaj sodium bicarbonate activates lub cev muaj zog ua haujlwm ntawm ciliated epithelium thiab bronchioles, txo qhov ceev ntawm cov hnoos qeev thiab ua rau nws cov pH ntau alkaline. Licorice yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, antispasmodic thiab expectorant los. Cov nyhuv expectorant yog vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm glycyrrhizin, uas txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm ciliary.epithelium nyob rau hauv lub bronchi thiab trachea. Cov tshuaj no tseem txhim khu kev ua haujlwm secretory ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm cov kab mob ua pa. Cov nyhuv antispasmodic yog vim muaj cov flavone compounds (liquiritoside).
Cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos no yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv bronchial hawb pob, ua pa tsis ua haujlwm, kev tswj hwm nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab (buprenorphine, nalbuphine, pentazocine) thiab cawv, hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation.
Glauvent
Cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj no yog glaucine hydrobromide lauvent - tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws suav nrog ib qho alkaloid secreted los ntawm cov nroj tsuag daj macho, uas muaj peev xwm los suppress lub hnoos chaw, tab sis tsis zoo li codeine, lub caij no tsis suppress lub chaw ua pa. Cov tshuaj tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnyuv, nrog rau kev siv ntev nws tsis ua rau muaj kev quav tshuaj thiab kev quav yeeb tshuaj.
Glaucin muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov khoom adrenolytic, tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav siab. Raws li cov lus qhia rau cov tshuaj antitussive, cov tshuaj "Glauvent" yog pom zoo rau siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm hnoos qhuav ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm, nrog rau cov kab mob xws li kis kab mob thiab inflammatory pathologies ntawm lub ntsws, ntsws thiab bronchi (pneumonia, mob ntev thiab mob bronchitis).). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no feem ntau raug muab rau kev mob ntsws asthma, hnoos hawb pob, pleurisy,tuberculosis, mob ntsws cancer. Contraindications rau nws siv yog myocardial infarction, sputum hyperproduction, arterial hypotension, hypersensitivity. Tso cai pub rau menyuam yaus tom qab 4 xyoos.
Yuav ua li cas lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus?
Libeksin
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no yog prenoxdiazine hydrochloride, uas yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral. Nws thaiv qhov hnoos reflex vim yog cov teebmeem hauv qab no:
- bronchodilating kev txiav txim uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm stretch receptors thiab koom nrog hauv hnoos reflex;
- me ntsis inhibition ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ua pa (kev nyuaj siab ua pa tsis tau pom);
- cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, uas txo cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm peripheral receptors uas ua rau hnoos.
Cov nyhuv antitussive ntawm Libexin yog kwv yees li sib npaug ntawm codeine. Cov tshuaj no tsis muaj yees thiab nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj mob bronchitis muaj cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory. Cov tshuaj tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, tshwj tsis yog muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab. Cov tshuaj no yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau ib tug bronchographic los yog bronchoscopic kuaj, nrog nocturnal hnoos nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, nrog ib tug unproductive hnoos ntawm tej etiology, nrog rau cov tshwm sim los ntawm bronchitis, mob npaws, ua pa catarrh, emphysema, pneumonia.
Contraindications rau nws txais tos yog cov kab mob uas muaj ntaubronchial secretion, lactase deficiency, mob tom qab nqus tau tshuaj loog, siab rhiab heev rau cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov menyuam yaus hnoos qhuav yuav tsum tau noj nrog kev saib xyuas zoo.
Falimint
Nov yog ib yam tshuaj uas nyob rau qeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub hnoos tsis tsim nyog, nyob rau hauv uas cov hnoos qeev tsim tsis pom. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cuab yeej no suav nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb - acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene. Thaum nkag mus rau hauv cov mucous daim nyias nyias, cov tshuaj irritates lub paj hlwb thiab muaj ib tug me ntsis analgesic nyhuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj muaj cov nyhuv antiemetic thiab antiseptic, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm siv cov tshuaj no hauv kev kho hniav. Nws cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov menthol.
Zoo li menthol, cov khoom siv tshuaj no ua rau muaj qhov txias txias hauv qhov ncauj thiab caj pas. Nws tsis qhuav tawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias thiab tsis ua loog. Falimint kuj muaj cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory. Indications rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj yog inflammatory pathologies ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av tau, tshem tawm ntawm hnoos thiab txham nyob rau hauv lecturers, ncaws pob, haus luam yeeb, yuav tsum tau kom tau ib tug antiemetic nyhuv thaum kho mob manipulations nyob rau hauv lub caj pas kab noj hniav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos no tsis haum rau menyuam yaus.
Sinekod
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "Sinekod" yog butamirate, uas suav nrog hauv qeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab. Cov tshuaj no tsis zoo lialkaloids thiab tsis ua rau kev quav tshuaj thiab kev vam khom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos los ntawm kev ua ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw hnoos thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov nyhuv bronchodilator (bronchodilatory). Nws pab txhawb kev ua pa, txhim kho cov ntshav oxygenation (oxygen saturation) thiab spirometry (txo cov pa tsis haum).
Cov tshuaj no yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrup thiab tee rau lub qhov ncauj. Cov te yog siv thaum yau.
Tshuaj "Sinekod" yog muab rau cov tsos mob ntawm hnoos qhuav ntawm ntau yam etiologies: thaum lub sij hawm bronchoscopy thiab phais, nrog rau hnoos hawb pob, thiab yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los suppress hnoos nyob rau hauv lub postoperative lub sij hawm. Contraindications rau noj nws yog thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub, lub sij hawm lactation, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus me nyuam yog tsawg tshaj li 2 lub hlis - rau tee thiab 3 xyoo - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrup.
Ascoril
Qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov tshuaj bronchodilator, expectorant thiab mucolytic teebmeem. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug phoov thiab muaj ob peb yam active tshuaj: salbutamol sulfate, guaifenesin thiab bromhexine hydrochloride. Salbutamol muaj cov nyhuv bronchodilator, txhawb nqa beta2-adrenergic receptors ntawm cov hlab ntsha, myometrium thiab bronchi, tshem tawm lossis tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm bronchospasm, txo qis hauv cov kav dej ua pa, ua kom lub ntsws muaj peev xwm. Cov tshuaj no ua rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv tsis txo cov ntshav siab.
Guaifenesin yog cov tshuaj mucolytic uas txo qisKev nruj ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qauv bronchopulmonary, nkoos lub secretory hlwb ntawm lub bronchial mucosa, txhawb kev tsim ntawm neutral polysaccharides, depolymerization ntawm acid mucopolysaccharides, txo cov viscosity ntawm cov hnoos qeev, activates lub ciliary apparatus ntawm lub bronchi ntawm lub reputation. Kev hloov pauv los ntawm qhov hnoos tsis muaj txiaj ntsig mus rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig. Bromhexine yog ib qho mucolytic uas muab expectorant thiab antitussive los. Nws pab ua kom cov serous muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bronchial secretions, qhib lub cilia ntawm lub epithelium, ua kom cov hnoos qeev thiab txhim kho nws tawm.
Raws li cov lus qhia, cov tshuaj no yog siv los ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kab mob bronchopulmonary uas tshwm sim nrog kev tsim thiab sib cais ntawm cov hnoos qeev: pulmonary emphysema, pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, tracheobronchitis, obstructive bronchitis., bronchial hawb pob, pulmonary tuberculosis, hnoos hawb pob. Cov tshuaj no yog contraindicated rau peptic ulcer, gastric los ntshav, plawv tsis xws luag, tachyarrhythmia, arterial hypertension, myocarditis, glaucoma, decompensated diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Cov tshuaj no raug tso cai los sau rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab 6 xyoo.
Cov npe tshuaj tiv thaiv hnoos rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tsis tas yuav xaus.
Stoptussin
Cov tshuaj "Stoptussin" yog ob yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas muaj cov tshuaj bronchodilator thiab expectorant nyhuv. Dosage forms - ntsiav tshuaj thiab tee rau kev tswj qhov ncauj.
ActiveCov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no: butamirate dihydrocitrate thiab guaifenesin. Cov tshuaj hnoos tau raug sau tseg, uas ua rau lub chaw hnoos hnoos, hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Contraindications rau nws lub sij hawm yog: myasthenia gravis, I trimester ntawm cev xeeb tub, lactation, hypersensitivity. Cov menyuam yaus raug muab tshuaj rau hauv daim ntawv tee (txij li 6 lub hlis), tom qab 12 xyoos, nws muaj peev xwm noj cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj.
Yuav tshuaj dab tsi tseem txo qhov hnoos?
Bronchoton
"Bronchoton" yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ke nrog cov nyhuv bronchodilatory. Cov tshuaj tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm syrups. Qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuab uas muaj bronchodilatory thiab antitussive mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus:
- glaucine - ib yam khoom uas ua rau lub chaw hnoos hnoos, tsis ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ua pa thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj;
- ephedrine - ib yam khoom uas txhawb nqa qhov chaw ua pa thiab tshem tawm qhov o ntawm cov mucous ntawm lub bronchi;
- basil roj - muaj cov tshuaj sedative, antispasmodic thiab antimicrobial nyhuv.
Kev siv tshuaj "Bronchoton" yog qhia rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsws uas tshwm sim nrog hnoos qhuav (raws li ib feem ntawm kev kho mob ua ke): bronchial hawb pob, bronchitis, tracheobronchitis, hnoos hawb pob, bronchoconstriction. Cov tshuaj no yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, kab mob plawv, arrhythmias, arterial hypertension,Cov kab mob atherosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, ntshav qab zib mellitus, insomnia, kaum-kaw glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, cev xeeb tub, lactation. Cov tshuaj siv tau rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yog cov hnoos ntub dej.
tshuaj kho hnoos hnoos
hnoos hnoos qeev hu ua tsim los yog ntub dej. Rau nws cov kev kho mob, cov tshuaj uas muaj expectorant zog yog siv:
- "ACC" - ib yam tshuaj uas ua rau hnoos qeev, pab ua kom hnoos hnoos. Kev nyem tau pom nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev nkag. Cov tshuaj muaj antioxidant thiab anti-inflammatory zog. Tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj hnoos thiab paracetamol. Tej zaum yuav muab rau menyuam yaus.
- Tus Kws Kho Mob yog tshuaj hnoos hnoos uas tawm tsam cov kab mob ua pa, tshem tawm qhov ntswg, mob khaub thuas thiab mob ntsws. Ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lozenges, lozenges, syrups, ointments, ntsiav tshuaj, menyuam xaum. Cov tshuaj no tau muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2 xyoos. Dab tsi lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog muab rau hnoos ntub?
- "Bronholitin" yog ib qho tshuaj kho mob uas nrov heev thiab yog tus yam ntxwv ua pov thawj thiab siv tau zoo. Nws suppresses qhov chaw hnoos, tsis ua pa nyuaj, ua tiav cov kab mob ua pa, ua kom hnoos qeev, relieves o ntawm cov mucous membranes. Siv dav rau thaum yau.
- "Bromhexine" - ib qho tshuaj uas tau muab raumob ntev thiab mob bronchial pathologies nrog hnoos qeev. Cov tshuaj tau yooj yim zam, muab rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab 6 xyoo, tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, ua rau lawv nkag mus sai rau hauv cov kab mob pathological. Kev noj haus tau pom zoo thaum kho.
- "Ambroxol" - tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau hnoos ntub rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus feem ntau siv. Nws yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab syrup. Pab hauv lub sijhawm luv luv los kho hnoos uas tshwm sim nrog tracheitis, mob ntsws, hnoos hawb pob thiab mob ntsws.
