Rau cov neeg Lavxias feem ntau, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam. Txhais tau hais tias tswj thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm yogurts, curds, vitamins, siv uas koj muaj peev xwm tsis nco qab tag nrho cov mob. Qhov tseeb, lub xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis yog nyob ntawm kev noj cov mis nyuj fermented lossis ib qho tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv. Ntxiv mus, nrog kev nplua nuj ntawm txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm dav dav txhais tau tias txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj, xws li immunomodulators thiab immunostimulants, lawv siv yuav tsum tau ua kom ceev faj heev. Feem ntau rants txog cov khoom siv txuj ci tseem ceeb tsuas yog kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ntse.
Lub tswvyim ntawm kev tiv thaiv
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau tswj xyuas qhov chaw nyob sab hauv ntawm lub cev, tsim los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob thiab kab mob thiab txhim kho txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv cov teebmeem tom kawg thaum lawv nkag mus.
Yam kev tiv thaiv
Hom kev tiv thaiv muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm raws lintau yam cim.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv sib koom ua ke thiab tau txais hom kev tiv thaiv.
Hom kab mob tshwm sim vim yog kev xeeb tub, kis los ntawm cov placenta nrog niam cov ntshav, pub niam mis nrog mis.
Kev tiv thaiv tau raug tsim thoob plaws ib tus neeg lub neej. Cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam yog ib puag ncig nrog nws cov kab mob, kab mob yav dhau los. Hom no qhia txog kev faib rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yog hloov kho los ntawm kev nco qab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab passive, thaum npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nkag rau hauv lub cev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab sera.
Kev tiv thaiv hauv zos tau muab faib ua dav dav thiab hauv zos. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob npog tag nrho lub cev nrog kev tiv thaiv, ib cheeb tsam - ib lub cev tshwj xeeb.
Raws li qhov ua, kev lom zem thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes yog qhov txawv.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab hloov pauv kev tiv thaiv yog qhov txawv ntawm cov lus qhia.
Antitoxic tiv thaiv yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Antitoxic hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Antitoxic tiv thaiv yog txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom uas tso tawm los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob xws li diphtheria, tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism, poliomyelitis, dysentery. Nws cov khoom tiv thaiv yog raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm immunoglobulin G. Nws yog nws uas tsim kev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo, tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus. Immunoglobulin G kuj tseem muaj lub cim xeeb, thiab yog tias lub cev tau rov ua rau tib yamtus kab mob, nws yuav tshem tawm sai sai.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kabmob
Antitoxic tiv thaiv yog vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas yog tsim los teb rau cov tshuaj lom ntawm co toxins tso tawm los ntawm cov kab mob uas kis tus kab mob, inhibiting kev ua ntawm lawv cov tshuaj lom.
tus kws tshawb fawb German P. Ehrlich tau tsim ib lub tswv yim uas qhia txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov co toxins. Cov nyhuv tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim thaum nws tau tswj kom cling rau cov khoom muaj sia nyob hauv cov ntshav. Yog tias muaj kev sib txuas zoo li no, lub cev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov ntshav raug cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj lom neeg lom.
Cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom muaj sia nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg txawv teb chaws hauv lub cev nyob deb ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no, yog li lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib hloov cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov co toxins nrog cov tshiab. Cov kab txuas tshiab no yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nyob rau hauv adhesion nrog cov tshuaj lom, lawv suppresses cov nyhuv tom kawg ntawm cov khoom nyob.
Los ntawm no cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab los: tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (antitoxins) tsis tua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis ua rau nws cov khoom muaj tshuaj lom. Ehrlich txoj kev tshawb fawb tau muab tus cwj pwm tshiab rau cov hom kev tiv thaiv. Nws pib muab faib ua cellular (thaum ntxov pom los ntawm I. Mechnikov) thiab humoral, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntshav plasma.
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tshuaj
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej tsis yog ib txwm txaus los cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom ntawm antigens. German immunologist-microbiologist A. Behring thiabFabkis tus txiv neej E. Roux, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Erlich txoj kev tshawb fawb, invented ib antitoxic serum. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob xws li kab mob diphtheria, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria tau txhaj rau hauv tus neeg mob, thiab nrog rau lawv cov kev pab, tus neeg mob ua tiav cov kab mob.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, diphtheria serum yog cov kua uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau. Nws tau txais nrog kev koom tes ntawm nees tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria. Tus kab mob diphtheria antigen yog txhaj rau hauv tus tsiaj kom txog thaum tus tsiaj pib tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob loj heev rau nws. Cov ntshav ntshav zoo li no nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab rau kab mob diphtheria yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob lom no.
Tib txoj kev kho yog siv rau lwm yam kab mob sib kis, xws li kab mob tetanus, dysentery, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg mob tau muab cov tshuaj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov tshuaj lom antigens ntawm tus kab mob.
Mechanisms los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob
daim ntawv tiv thaiv kab mob no tsis yog keeb kwm, muaj peev xwm kis tau los ntawm niam mus rau fetus. Antitoxic kev tiv thaiv - tau txais, tsim los ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj lom antigens nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ntuj los yog dag. Lawm, kev tiv thaiv antitoxic yog kis tau thaum lub sij hawm hloov cov kab mob lom heev, thaum nws tus kheej tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm lub cev yog cov lus teb rau cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov kab mob.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob toxic yog tsim los ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis toxoid, thiabkuj immune sera.
Immune tension
Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob sib kis yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim tawm hauv cov kua hauv cov ntshav tawm tsam tus kab mob no. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hu ua kev tiv thaiv nruj.
Qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog txheeb xyuas nyias rau txhua tus kab mob thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, yog tias 1/30 ntawm 1 ml ntawm cov ntshav yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, peb tuaj yeem ntseeg siab tias tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias immunology muab nws qhov chaw ntawm kev hwm rau antitoxic kev tiv thaiv, txij li thaum txoj kev kawm ntawm nws mechanisms ntawm kev ua thiab ntau lawm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tau tib neeg cov kab mob tuag taus xws li diphtheria, tetanus, dysentery, botulism, gas gangrene, thiab lwm yam.
