Lub ileum (los ntawm lo lus Latin "ileum") yog ntu qis ntawm txoj hnyuv me. Xws li cov khoom ntawm lub plab zom mov muaj nws cov haujlwm thiab cov qauv. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntxiv txog lawv hauv qab no.
Ileum: nws nyob qhov twg?
Lub ileum nyob rau hauv txoj cai iliac fossa (los yog ib feem ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav) thiab yog cais los ntawm caecum los ntawm lub bauhinia valve, los yog lub thiaj li hu ua ileocecal valve. Ib feem me me ntawm lub cev no nyob hauv thaj tsam epigastric, thaj tsam ntawm lub plab, thiab lub plab pelvic.
Kev tsim kho
Lub ileum thiab jejunum yog qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv. Tag nrho cov txheej sab hauv ntawm cov khoom no yog cov mucous daim nyias nyias, uas yog abundantly them nrog villi (lawv nce li ntawm 1 millimeter). Nyob rau hauv lem, lub nto ntawm cov ntsiab lus muaj ib tug cylindrical epithelium. Hauv qhov chaw yog cov lymphatic sinus, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha (cov hlab ntsha).
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias lub villi nyob rau hauv lub ileum yog ntau me dua nyob rau hauv lub jejunum. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus ntawm lawv tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov rog yog absorbed los ntawmlymphatic hlab ntsha, thiab amino acids thiab monosaccharides - los ntawm venous. Tag nrho ileal mucosa muaj qhov tsis sib xws. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov crypts, villi thiab ncig folds. Cov kev tsim no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tag nrho cov kab mob hauv cov hnyuv, uas tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus cov zaub mov digested.
Txoj kev ntawm cov qauv ntawm ileum
Lub jejunum thiab ileum muaj tib lub villi, cov duab uas zoo li nplooj ntawv lossis ntiv tes. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lumen ntawm lub cev. Tus naj npawb ntawm villi hauv ileum tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 18 mus rau 35 daim ib 1 sq. mm. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv nyias nyias dua li cov uas nyob hauv duodenum.
Cov kab mob hauv plab, lossis lub npe hu ua Lieberkühn caj pas, yog kev nyuaj siab hauv lub plhaub, zoo li cov hlab me me. Lub mucosa thiab submucosa ntawm ileum daim ntawv ncig folds. Lub epithelium ntawm lawv yog prismatic ib txheej limbic. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub cev kuj muaj nws tus kheej submucosa, ua raws li cov leeg nqaij. Cov tom kawg yog sawv cev los ntawm 2 cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov fibers: sab nrauv (los yog longitudinal) thiab sab hauv (los yog ncig). Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog cov ntaub so ntswg xoob, uas muaj cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha musculo-testinal plexuses. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej no txo mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv me. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov leeg nqaij daim nyias nyias ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw chyme thiab nwsthawb.
Lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm lub ileum yog serous. Nws raug them los ntawm txhua sab.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ileum
Lub cev nthuav tawm ua haujlwm ntau yam. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- cais tawm ntawm enzymes;
- nqus cov as-ham, minerals thiab ntsev;
- digesting khoom noj.
Txoj kev ntawm ileum
Cov kua txiv hauv plab ntawm lub cev no pib tso tawm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov phab ntsa nrog chyme. Hauv 24 teev, nws cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2.4 litres. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog alkaline, thiab nws qhov ntom ntom yog tsim los ntawm cov qog-epithelial hlwb uas tsim thiab tsim cov enzymes. Nyob rau lub sijhawm, cov hlwb pib tsis lees paub rau hauv txoj hnyuv lumen, thiab tom qab ntawd raug rhuav tshem, yog li ua rau plab zom mov.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txhua lub epithelial cell muaj microvillus. Lawv yog ib hom ntawm outgrowths uas enzymes yog tsau. Ua tsaug rau lawv, lwm theem ntawm kev zom zaub mov tshwm sim, hu ua daim nyias nyias (parietal). Nyob rau theem no, zaub mov yog hydrolyzed thiab absorbed nyob rau hauv lub ileum.
Raws li koj paub, kua txiv plab hnyuv muaj 22 enzymes. Lub ntsiab yog hu ua enterokinase. Cov enzyme no yog tsim los ua kom pancreatic trypsinogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, ileum secretes kua txiv, uas muaj cov tshuaj xws li lipase, amylase, sucrase, peptidase thiab alkaline.phosphatase.
Kev txhawb nqa ntawm chyme mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm txoj hnyuv yog ua los ntawm kev cog lus ntawm cov fibers ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Lawv hom kev txav tseem ceeb tuaj yeem hu ua perist altic thiab pendulum. Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg ntawm contractions ua agitation ntawm chyme. Raws li worm-zoo li (perist altic) nthwv dej, lawv txav zaub mov mus rau thaj tsam distal.
Los ntawm txoj kev, ob qho tib si nthuav tawm hom kev zom zaub mov muaj nyob hauv kev sib txuas ncaj qha. Nrog cavitary hydrolysis ntawm ntau complex tshuaj mus rau lub thiaj li hu ua intermediate tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom noj uas ua tiav yog tawg los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus cov as-ham thiab cov as-ham pib. Qhov no yog vim qhov nce hauv lub plab hnyuv siab, nrog rau kev txav ntawm cov leeg nqaij thiab kev txav ntawm villi.
Kev mob ntawm cov kab mob ileum
Lub ileum (qhov chaw ntawm lub cev no nyob, piav me ntsis saum toj no) feem ntau raug rau cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm no ib feem ntawm cov hnyuv muaj xws li tshwm sim. Raws li txoj cai, lawv ua raws li kev ua txhaum ntawm lub plab zom mov, excretory, nqus thiab lub cev muaj zog. Hauv kev xyaum kho mob, cov kev sib txawv no feem ntau ua ke hauv ib lub npe - malabsorption syndrome.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob
Lub ileum, cov kab mob twg tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntau yam, yuav luag ib txwm ua rau nws tus kheej hnov los ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm malaise. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- mob siabsyndromes;
- quav quav;
- rumbling hauv plab hnyuv;
- nce roj tsim.
Ntau zaus, cov neeg mob yws rau lawv tus kws kho mob tias lawv mob raws plab ntev nrog kev mus rau chav dej txog 4-7 zaug hauv ib hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom noj uas tsis tau tso tseg tuaj yeem pom hauv cov quav. Thaum sawv ntxov, tus neeg mob feem ntau xav tias rumbling nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv, uas feem ntau nws tsuas yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj.
Lub ileum cuam tshuam qee zaum ua rau mob. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam (hauv cheeb tsam umbilical, mus rau sab xis ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub plab thiab hauv qab "dawb") thiab tus cwj pwm (bursting, rub thiab mob). Raws li txoj cai, qhov kev siv ntawm qhov mob no tshwm sim tom qab tso tawm ntawm cov roj tsim tawm.
Cov tsos mob sab nraud ntawm cov kab mob ntawm ileum
Cov kab mob ntawm qhov no ntawm cov hnyuv me tuaj yeem nrog los ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab. Lawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm impaired absorption thiab tawg ntawm as-ham, vitamins thiab minerals. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg mob poob phaus sai thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua. Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamins B thiab hlau feem ntau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav ntshav, tsim cov kab nrib pleb ntawm daim di ncauj thiab o ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Yog hais tias lub cev pib tsis muaj vitamin A, qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv dryness ntawm conjunctiva thiab hmo ntuj dig muag. Yog hais tias muaj hemorrhages ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev, qhov no qhia tau hais tias ib tug tsis muaj vitamin K.
YCrohn's disease
Tus kab mob loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau ntawm qhov no ntawm txoj hnyuv me yogCrohn tus kab mob (los yog hu ua terminal ileitis). Feem ntau, nrog rau qhov kev kuaj mob no, qhov mob yog nyob rau hauv lub xeem 15-20 centimeters ntawm ileum. Tsis tshua muaj, qhov muag tsis pom, tuab thiab duodenal seem ntawm lub plab hnyuv tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem.
Kev mob ntawm ileum, cov tsos mob uas peb yuav tham hauv qab no, yuav tsum tau kho raws sijhawm. Txwv tsis pub, tom qab 3-4 xyoos, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem xws li plab hnyuv, fistulas, abscesses, peritonitis, amyloidosis, los ntshav, thiab lwm yam.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob Crohn
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no txawv.
- mob hnyav hauv thaj tsam sab xis (feem ntau nco txog qhov chaw kho mob appendicitis). Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob ua npaws, txhawj xeeb txog qhov xeev siab thiab ntuav tas li. Feem ntau mob tshwm sim 3-5 teev tom qab noj mov.
- Kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib thiab noj tsis txaus.
- Cicatricial hloov nyob rau hauv lub ileum, uas ua rau plab hnyuv obstruction.
- Npaum cem quav lossis raws plab, nrog rau cov hnyuv hauv plab.
- los ntshav hnyav los yog ntshav me me hauv cov quav
Lwm yam kab mob
Lymphoid hyperplasia ntawm ileum tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub xeev thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov phab ntsa hauv plab hnyuv. Feem ntau cov kev hloov pauv no yog ib ntus thiab feem ntau ploj mus yam tsis muaj kab ntawm lawv tus kheej. Yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm xws li ib tug deviation tej zaum yuav tsis txaus cov lus teb ntawm cov hnyuv lymphoid cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tshwm sim rau sab nraud stimuli.
Cov tsos mob ntawm lymphoidhyperplasia
Cov tsos mob yuav tsum muaj xws li:
- mob plab;
- mob plab;
- sib tov ntawm cov ntshav thiab cov hnoos qeev hauv cov quav;
- gas thiab tsam plab;
- poob phaus;
- txo lub cev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob.
Nrog hyperplasia hnyav, cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Ntawm lwm yam, enteritis thiab mob qog noj ntshav tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv no.
Kev kuaj kab mob thiab ua rau tshwm sim
Kev mob ntawm ileum yog kuaj pom los ntawm cov tsos mob sab nraud thiab tus mob ntawm tus neeg mob tom qab kuaj ntshav, zis thiab quav, nrog rau kev siv cov kev kuaj niaj hnub no xws li fiber ntau-optic endoscopy. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv hauv submucosal txheej ntawm txoj hnyuv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob. Xws li qhov tsis txawv txav tuaj yeem tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm diffuse polyposis, tonsillitis ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv txoj hnyuv.
Kev kho mob
Ib txwm, lymphofollicular hyperplasia tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg ileum. Tus kab mob no yog ib tug mob concomitant, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis xav tau kev kho mob. Raws li rau Crohn tus kab mob, mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam txheej txheem inflammatory, yog tias lawv kho tau lig, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau tuag. Hauv qhov no, kev kho mob muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuaj, suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas tau sau tseg.tsuas yog los ntawm kev paub txog gastroenterologist. Los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau cov kab mob no nyob rau theem tom qab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog kho nrog kev phais.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias nrog rau cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov hnyuv me, kev noj zaub mov nruj kuj tau sau tseg. Raws li txoj cai, nws suav nrog tsuas yog lub teeb, zom sai sai thiab cov zaub mov muaj vitamin-nplua nuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg mob tau txwv tsis pub haus dej cawv ntau, qab ntsev, ntsim, rog, kib thiab hnyav nqaij, ntses, nceb tais diav. Cov neeg mob noj cov zaub mov yuav tsum muaj xws li cov cereals sov nrog cov mis nyuj, cov qhob cij dawb ntawm nag hmo ntau lawm, qee zaum butter, qe scrambled qe, tshuaj yej, compotes, txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus, decoctions ntawm qus sawv, blueberries, noog cherry. Yog tias koj ua raws li kev noj haus thiab noj tag nrho cov tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob ileum yuav ua tau zoo.
