horsetail ephedra yog dab tsi? Cov nroj no zoo li cas, nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg thiab siv rau dab tsi? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kab lus nthuav tawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb
Ephedra horsetail yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm tsob ntoo uas muaj nyob rau hauv genus Ephedra thiab tsev neeg Ephedra, lossis Ephedra. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov nroj tsuag no muaj lwm lub npe: horsetail ephedra, roob ephedra.
Ephedra horsetail: botanical piav qhia
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov nroj tsuag hauv nqe lus nug yog ib xyoos ib zaug thiab densely branched shrub, qhov siab uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1-1.5 meters. Nws cov cag yog tuab heev, branched thiab ntev. Lub qia ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog ib leeg (tej zaum yuav yog ntawm ob peb). Nws kuj yog tuab, woody, branchy thiab grey los ntawm lub hauv paus.
Ntxhais ntawm tsob ntoo hais tias yog taw rau saum. Lawv ncaj, segmented, nrog internodes txog li 2 cm, du, protruding, mus txog 1.5-2 mm inch, ntsuab, thiab kuj finely furrowed.
Ephedra horsetail muaj scaly thiab opposite nplooj uas yog fused ntawm lub hauv paus. Saum toj no, lawv yog luv-daim duab peb sab, tsis muaj chlorophyll thiab txo mus rau sheaths. Chloroplast tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo uas tsis yog-lignified thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas stems.
Txiv neej spikelets ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog ib leeg lossis hauv tus lej ntawm ob lossis peb. Lawv ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm 4-5 mm. Cov nplooj no muaj neeg coob coob thiab nyob raws cov ceg ntoo.
Sab nrauv ntawm tsob ntoo suav tias yog puag ncig-oval. Lawv yog blunt, nyias. Anthers, suav nrog rau rau rau yim daim, yog tsawg heev thiab yuav luag tsis muaj.
Cov poj niam spikelets ntawm cov nroj tsuag no nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li anther sawv daws yuav, uas yog, ntawm ob txhais ceg ntev 1-2 mm. Ephedra horsetail muaj 2-3 khub ntawm bracts. Hauv qab no lawv yog dav oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, thiab raws ntug lawv yog nqaim membranous. Lawv tau pollinated los ntawm cua.
Puas horsetail ephedra dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo? Cov duab ntawm berries ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no. Lawv yog xim liab los yog txiv kab ntxwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog fleshy, spherical-elongated thiab ib-seeded. Lawv cov noob yog round, 4-6 mm ntev thiab convex rau ob sab.
Thaum twg tshuaj ntsuab ephedra horsetail tawg? Daim duab ntawm tsob ntoo no tau nthuav tawm saum toj no. Nws flowering tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis-Lub rau hli ntuj. Cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hais txog lawv cov ripeness nkaus xwb thaum Lub Xya Hli, thiab cov pineal berries poob rau lub Cuaj Hli.
Ephedra horsetail nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg?
Hauv tebchaws Russia, tsob ntoo no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv thaj tsam Volga, nrog rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag hauv nqe lus nug yog muaj nyob rau hauv Caucasus, nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm Central Asia, Western Siberia, Eastern Tien Shan, Mongolia thiab Tuam Tshoj.
Nyob hauv thaj chaw twg horsetail ephedra nyob? Qhov twgno tsob ntoo puas loj tuaj? Xws li ib tsob nroj yog ib txwm rau thaj tsam roob. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv roob-steppe, roob-ntoo thiab subalpine zones.
Feem ntau, tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab loj hlob ntawm gravelly scree, pob zeb thiab hauv pob zeb crevices, nrog rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1000-1700 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Hauv qhov chaw zoo li no, cov nroj tsuag siv hauv paus ua tsaug rau nws cov hauv paus muaj zog.
Ephedra horsetail cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntom, tab sis dav heev. Nws yog qhov xav tau heev ntawm lub teeb, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov vegetatively, los ntawm kev faib cov hav txwv yeem.
Siv hauv ornamental gardening
horsetail ephedra xav tau dab tsi? Cog thiab saib xyuas cov nroj tsuag no yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho, nws cov tsos zoo nkauj nyob ntawm nws.
Raws li botanists, tsob ntoo no yog siv rau:
- toj roob hauv pes tsim;
- ua raws li cov tsiaj qus thiab cov thickets;
- toj roob hauv pes thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm pob zeb vaj thiab rockeries;
- tsim ciam teb pem hauv ntej ntawm pob zeb vaj;
- ua raws li cov cua daj cua dub thiab nthwv dej hauv cov khoom zoo nkauj;
- raws li cov lus hais hauv kev tsim niaj hnub;
- sau hauv av thiab tsim kom muaj keeb kwm zoo nkauj cog.
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev siv ephedra raug txwv, vim nws muaj cov tshuaj narcotic. Kev cog qoob loo thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm txoj cai. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv no tsis siv rau cov nroj tsuag ornamental, txij li ephedrine ntawm cov nyom no tsis yogsiv hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim.
Txoj kev loj hlob
Txhua hom nroj tsuag hauv nqe lus nug yog accustomed mus rau ib tug qhuav huab cua, raws li zoo raws li steppe, rocky thiab suab puam av. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem cog tau txawm nyob rau hauv cov av tsis zoo.
Thaum kho koj lub vaj, lub conifer yuav tsum muab qhov chaw tshav ntuj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov nroj tsuag zoo li no tau zoo nrog cov ntawv sau, tsis yog capricious ntawm cov pa phem thiab tsis ntshai cua.
Cov av rau horsetail ephedra xav tau tshwj xeeb. Nws paub tias nyiam cov av uas muaj dej zoo thiab qhuav alkaline.
Waterlogging ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog kev puas tsuaj, nrog rau lub caij ntuj no. Undersized conifers xav zoo nyob rau hauv crevices ntawm rockeries thiab pob zeb, nrog rau cov av pob zeb. Yog tias cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv lub txaj paj lossis cov av zoo tib yam, ces cov dej muaj zog thiab cov dej zoo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw cog.
cog tsob ntoo
Ib qho chaw cog xws li tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Cov av yog khawb tob thiab tov nrog xuab zeb los txhim kho nws cov permeability.
Cov av ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid lossis ib puag ncig nruab nrab yuav tsum tau limed. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txheej dej siab tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw tsaws.
Ephedra horsetail siv cag zoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau nws tsaws yog:
- mid-April-May;
- mid-Aug-September.
cog tsob ntootshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau tib lub sijhawm yog tsis ua kom tob rau hauv lub caj dab basal. Watering cov nroj tsuag tom qab cog yog yuav tsum tau. Cov dej yog faib nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm qhov tsaws. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, watering ephedra yog nqa tawm tsuas yog thaum drought.
Ephedra horsetail yog cov nroj tsuag tiv taus thiab tawv. Kev saib xyuas nws nqis los tswj cov dej ntws ntawm cov av thiab nws muaj peev xwm dhau cov kua.
Irrigation is not need for such shrubs. Yog hais tias cua sov heev, ces tswj cov dej noo yuav ua rau tsim cov berries zoo nkauj.
Pub mis rau cov conifers tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tsuas yog thaum lawv loj hlob hauv cov av tsis zoo.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb rau ephedra yog xoob av. Ua thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb
Txhua feem ntawm tsob ntoo hauv nqe lus nug muaj pseudoephedrine thiab ephedrine. Cov tua ntawm cov nroj tsuag no suav nrog txog 11% tannins. Lawv tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais tannic extracts.
Nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab Kazakhstan, horsetail ephedra qia tshauv yog qee zaum ntxiv rau zom haus luam yeeb.
daim ntawv thov kho mob
Ephedrine yog ib yam khoom uas muaj cov nyhuv stimulating rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab lub plawv. Nws kuj inhibits plab hnyuv motility, ua rau vasoconstriction, nce ntshav siab, excites lub chaw ua pa thiab nthuav lub bronchi.
Lub ntsiab lus no txawv ntawm adrenaline hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nwskev siv maj mam, tab sis muaj cov nyhuv ntev dua.
Kev npaj raws li cov nroj tsuag no yog siv los txo cov vasoconstriction hauv rhinitis thiab o, nrog rau kev ua kom ntshav siab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, kis kab mob, narcolepsy, myasthenia gravis, raug mob, lom nrog tshuaj tsaug zog thiab tshuaj narcotic. Tsis tas li ntawd, ephedrine yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv ophthalmic xyaum kom dilate cov menyuam kawm ntawv thaum kuaj.
Side effects
Thaum noj ephedrine tsis raug, nws tau hais tawm cov kev mob tshwm sim, uas tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej hauv daim ntawv xeev siab, kiv taub hau, me ntsis tshee, ntuav, mob precordial, palpitations, ntshai tuag, arterial hypertension, insomnia, nervous excitement, urinary retention thiab hyperhidrosis, thiab mob taub hau thiab pob khaus.
