Kab mob fungus yog dab tsi?

Cov txheej txheem:

Kab mob fungus yog dab tsi?
Kab mob fungus yog dab tsi?

Video: Kab mob fungus yog dab tsi?

Video: Kab mob fungus yog dab tsi?
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Mhrooms sawv cev rau tsiaj txawv tebchaws. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom: noj tau, lom, pwm, poov xab, thiab ntau lwm yam. Niaj hnub nimno science paub ntau tshaj tsib puas hom nceb. Cov tsiaj no muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, txawm nyob hauv ib tus neeg. Qee tus ntawm lawv sib raug zoo nrog tib neeg thiab ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo microflora. Ib tug pathogenic fungus yuav tsum ua tus kab mob. Nws indulges nws qhov xwm txheej thiab sib zog ua kom yeej nws qhov chaw nyob hauv qab lub hnub, nrog rau cov peev txheej rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntxiv. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv.

Definition

kab mob fungal
kab mob fungal

Cov kab mob fungi yog cov kab mob ua rau cov kab mob sib sib zog nqus thiab sab nraud ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov tsiaj no feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm dermatophytes, uas yog, lawv pub rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tsawg dua ntawm lawv yog cov kab mob qis thiab actinomycetes.

Lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov ntaub so ntswg tsiaj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias dermatophytes nyiam cov epidermis nrog cov plaub hau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, poov xab - lymphatic system, candida - parenchymal kab mob, aspergillus nyob rau hauv lub ua pa system, thiab actinomycetes nyiam nyob rau hauv cov pob txha.

Paub cov yam ntxwv no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sib txawv cov kab mob thiab sau ntawv tshwj xeebkev kho mob.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob fungi

conditionally pathogenic fungi
conditionally pathogenic fungi

Nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj ntawm fungi, pathogenic fungi tau muab faib ua ob pawg: slime pwm thiab muaj tseeb fungi. Cov tom kawg tau muab faib ua xya chav kawm, cov npe uas qhia txog lawv cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob:

- citridomycetes;

- hypocytridomycetes;

- oomycetes;

- zygomycetes;

- ascomycetes;- basidomycetes; - Deuteromycetes.

Thawj plaub tus neeg sawv cev tsim ib pawg ntawm cov nceb qis, cov seem yog cov siab dua, thiab cov chav kawg kawg - rau cov nceb tsis zoo. Feem ntau cov kab mob fungal uas ua rau tib neeg yog deuteromycetes.

Txoj kev ntawm cov kab mob fungi

pathogenic fungi spores
pathogenic fungi spores

Ib tug neeg feem ntau tsis pom tam sim ntawd cov kab mob fungi tau nkag mus rau hauv nws lub cev. Cov spores (cov noob nceb) elongate thiab coj mus rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj uas txuas ntxiv loj hlob thiab thinner kom nws thiaj li tig mus rau hauv hyphae thiab ua lub hauv paus ntawm mycelium. Twb tau nyob rau theem no, qhov sib txawv yog pom tau. Lub hyphae ntawm cov fungi siab dua muaj partitions, thaum lub qis sawv daws yuav tsis. Hyphae los ntawm txawv spores loj hlob, intertwine nrog ib leeg thiab nws thiaj li mycelium hlob nyob rau hauv substrate.

Rau kev kuaj mob thiab tsim cov tshuaj, cov kab mob fungal tau cog rau ntawm cov khoom noj xws li Sabouraud, Czapeka-Doksa, ntawm wort thiab wort agar. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog pH qis dua xya.

Cov kab mob nceb tau them nrog phab ntsa ntawm carbohydrates, tab sis chitin tseem yog cov khoom uas ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom. Nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog penicillins thiab lysozyme,yog li ntawd muaj kev phem ntau dua rau tib neeg lub cev.

Pathogenic fungus tiv taus rau lub cev thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev kho mob los ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev thiab lub cev, vim tias muaj cov tshuaj ntau hauv lub cev yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov siab tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob yog microspores, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws - candida. Kev xaiv cov tshuaj yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj antigens tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv ib hom fungus, thiab co toxins, enzymes thiab lwm yam pathogenicity yam tseem tsis tau paub.

Txoj kev kis tus kabmob hauv tib neeg

Fungi uas yog kab mob rau tib neeg tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg raws li thaj chaw:

  1. Qhov tob mycoses yog kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob parenchymal, sepsis, kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze.
  2. Subcutaneous mycoses, lawv kuj yog subcutaneous. Nceb colonize lub epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous rog, fascia thiab txawm pob txha.
  3. Epidermomycosis lossis dermatomycosis tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem sab saud ntawm daim tawv nqaij: plaub hau thiab rau tes.
  4. Nyob zoo mycoses (keratomycosis). Pathogenic fungi ntawm daim tawv nqaij cuam tshuam tsuas yog stratum corneum thiab plaub hau.

Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob kis tau tus kab mob yog ib pawg cais. Cov no yog cov kab mob kis tau zoo uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, xws li HIV, kab mob siab B lossis C, mob qog noj ntshav.

Feem ntau, cov kab mob ua rau cov kab mob mycoses nyob hauv av lossis hmoov av, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm hauv lub tshuab ua pa, ntxuav zaub thiabzaub ntsuab, ua kom ntub dej hauv qhov chaw. Sib sib zog nqus mycoses tshwm sim tom qab nqus tau cov kab mob, thiab rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom cov kab mob nkag mus rau ntawm qhov txhab.

Immunity

Ib kab mob fungus, nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas cov antigen thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.

Raws li txoj cai, txhua tus nceb yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li tib neeg feem ntau ua xua rau lawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim raws li hom qeeb-hom hypersensitivity lossis cytotoxic hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, T-helpers txhawb cov ntaub so ntswg macrophages kom tshem tawm cov spores. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv humoral tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab, uas tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab txog theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, nrog rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua kom lub zog ntxiv raws li txoj hauv kev classical thiab lwm txoj hauv kev.

Kev kuaj mob mycoses

fungi pathogenic rau tib neeg
fungi pathogenic rau tib neeg

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob fungus yog microscopy. Ntshav, hnoos qeev, thiab tawv nqaij raug coj los ntawm cov neeg mob los ntawm cov chaw cuam tshuam, siv rau iav slides, stained los yog kho nrog acids, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub teeb los yog electron microscope. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob thiab txiav txim siab nws hom.

Qee zaum cov nceb tau sown hauv chav kuaj ntawm cov xov xwm xaiv thiab pom rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab fermentation ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Qhov no yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob los ntawm qhov pom ntawm biochemical.

Nyob rau hauv teb rau kev qhia txog cov kab mob fungi hauv tib neeg cov ntshav tshwmcov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm serological txoj kev tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tsis raug, vim ntau hom nceb muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev kis kabmob, txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem uas twb muaj cov kab mob fungal, kev kuaj tawv nqaij tau siv. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau seb lub cev puas tau ntsib cov antigen no los yog tsis tau. Txoj kev no tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj mob, vim nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsawg.

Genus Candida

pathogenic fungi ua rau
pathogenic fungi ua rau

Tam sim no, 186 hom ntawm genus Candida tau raug cais tawm, tab sis tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg. Piv txwv li, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Quillermondii thiab lwm yam.

Cov no yog cov kab mob kis tau zoo uas niaj hnub pom hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Lawv loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv xov xwm nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates. Colonies muaj me me oval hlwb intertwined nrog mycelial filaments. Lawv sib faib sai heev nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 37 degrees, twb nyob rau hauv peb teev phav phav tshiab hyphae yog tsim los ntawm ob peb spores. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov ntaub so ntswg yog nrog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos muaj zog nrog kev tsim cov kua paug.

Hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv thiab tsiaj txhu, fungi ntawm genus Candida tau sown hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav hauv 50 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, hauv cov quav - yuav luag txhua zaus, ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous ntawm qhov chaw mos - txog li 10 feem pua.. Txawm hais tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim feem ntau nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab endocrine systems. Kev kho tshuaj nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, glucocorticosteroids, cytostatics, mob hluav taws xob, kev kho mob ntev ntev, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj tuaj yeem ua rau mob candidiasis.

Pathogenic fungi ua rau cov kab mob tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm ntshav qab zib mellitus, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov qog endocrine thiab lwm yam. Tsis ntev los no, tus naj npawb ntawm iatrogenic candidiasis tom qab kev phais thiab kev kuaj mob tau nce ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj rau daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous membranes los ntawm fungus ntawm genus Candida yog ib qho ntawm cov cim ntawm AIDS.

Pneumocystis pneumonia

pathogenic fungi ntawm daim tawv nqaij
pathogenic fungi ntawm daim tawv nqaij

Pneumocystis carinii yog cov kab mob uas feem ntau kis rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub ntsws. Txhawm rau saib nws cov kab lis kev cai, cov kab lis kev cai ib txwm siv tsis txaus, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov embryos qaib lossis hloov cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes.

Cysts yog cov hlwb puag ncig nrog lub cev basophilic pom sab hauv. Cov ntawv hluas thiab nruab nrab yeej ib txwm nyob hauv thaj tsam ib puag ncig cov kab mob loj. Lub xub ntiag ntawm intracellular lub cev tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los faib pneumocysts li actinomycetes.

Cov kab mob no ua rau mob ntsws, tab sis qee zaum lwm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam: ob lub raum, spleen, lymphatic system, retina, plawv, siab, pancreas thiab txawm tias lub hlwb. Tus kab mob, raws li txoj cai, tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv qis.

Aspergillosis Aspergillosis

kab mob fungal
kab mob fungal

Cov kab mob no ua kom duntsuab colonies uas loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev kub tab sis tsis kam rau tshav kub zoo. Feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, ntoo. Lawv ua rau muaj mob hnyav tom qab ntau tus kab mob nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev nrog rau cov zaub mov, xws li khob cij. Feem ntau tus kab mob no tshwm sim zaum ob, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov ntshav pathologies, sarcoma, tuberculosis, kho nrog corticosteroids, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis kis ntawm ib tug mus rau lwm tus.

feem ntau cuam tshuam rau txoj kev ua pa, qee zaum ua rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li eczema. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub mycelium, cov ntaub so ntswg ua necrotic, thiab granulomas tshwm sim hauv qhov txhab. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog cov tsos ntawm kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam, uas muaj cov kab mob fungal. Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kis kab mob dav dav nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb.

Pom zoo: