Lub paj hlwb tsis yog tsuas yog cov neurons thiab lawv cov txheej txheem. Rau 40% nws yog sawv cev los ntawm glial hlwb, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej. Lawv cia li txwv lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb los ntawm tus so ntawm lub cev thiab xyuas kom meej nws autonomous lag luam, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj uas muaj ib tug central paj hlwb. Ntxiv mus, cov hlwb neuroglial muaj peev xwm faib tau, uas txawv lawv ntawm cov neurons.
tswvyim dav dav ntawm neuroglia
Kev sau ntawm glial hlwb hu ua neuroglia. Cov no yog cov cell tshwj xeeb uas nyob rau hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab nyob rau hauv periphery. Lawv txhawb nqa cov duab ntawm lub hlwb thiab txha caj qaum, thiab tseem muab cov khoom noj. Nws paub tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb vim muaj cov hlab ntsha-hlwb barrier. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb lossis tus txha caj qaum, nrog rau cov kua dej cerebrospinal, glial.lub cell, txo qis analog ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg peripheral macrophage, phagocytizes nws. Ntxiv mus, nws yog kev sib cais ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm peripheral cov ntaub so ntswg uas muab neuroglia.
Immune hlwb tiv thaiv
Lub hlwb, qhov twg muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg biochemical tshwm sim, uas txhais tau hais tias ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsim, yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov ntaub so ntswg neuronal ntawm lub hlwb yog rhiab heev rau kev puas tsuaj, tom qab ntawd cov neurons rov qab tsuas yog ib feem. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw hauv lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos yuav tshwm sim kuj yuav ua rau muaj kev tuag ntawm qee cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig lossis demyelination ntawm cov txheej txheem neuronal.
Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlwb somatic yuav sai sai no puv nrog cov tsim tshiab. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom restore lub functionality ntawm ib tug poob neuron. Thiab nws yog neuroglia uas txwv lub hlwb los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb yog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm txawv teb chaws antigens.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlwb glial
Glial hlwb tau muab faib ua ob hom nyob ntawm morphology thiab keeb kwm. Sib cais microglial thiab macroglial hlwb. Thawj hom cell pib los ntawm daim ntawv mesodermal. Cov no yog cov hlwb me nrog ntau cov txheej txheem uas muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytizing solids. Macroglia yog derivative ntawm ectoderm. Lub macroglial glial cell tau muab faib ua ob peb hom nyob ntawm qhov morphology. faib cov hlwb ependymal thiab astrocytic, nrog rau oligodendrocytes. Cov hom xovtooj ntawm tes no kuj tau muab faib ua ob pebyam.
Ependymal glial cell
Ependymal glial hlwb muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Lawv tsim cov endothelial hauv ob sab phlu ntawm cerebral ventricles thiab lub hauv paus txha caj qaum kwj dej. Lawv coj lawv cov keeb kwm hauv embryogenesis los ntawm ectoderm, thiab yog li ntawd sawv cev rau ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm neuroepithelium. Nws muaj ntau txheej thiab ua haujlwm ntau:
- kev txhawb nqa: ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ventricles, uas kuj tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm hydrostatic siab ntawm CSF;
- secretory: zais qee cov tshuaj rau hauv cov kua cerebrospinal;
- delimiter: cais cov medulla los ntawm cov kua cerebrospinal.
Types of ependymocytes
Ntawm cov ependymocytes, muaj qee hom. Cov no yog cov ependymocytes ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 1 thiab thib 2, nrog rau tanycytes. Cov qub tsim cov txheej txheem pib (basal) ntawm ependymal membrane, thiab ependymocytes pw hauv ob txheej saum toj no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ependymal glial cell ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 1 yog koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov hematoglyphic barrier (nruab nrab ntawm cov ntshav thiab ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm lub ventricles). Ependymocytes ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 2 muaj villi taw qhia rau CSF ntws. Tseem muaj cov tanycytes, uas yog cov receptor hlwb.
Lawv nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm 3rd cerebral ventricle. Muaj microvilli ntawm sab apical thiab ib txheej txheem ntawm sab basal, lawv tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov neurons txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm CSF kua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kua cerebrospinal nws tus kheej los ntawm ntau qhov me me zoo li qhov nruab nrab ntawm ependymocytes ntawm 1st thiabKev txiav txim thib 2 tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha rau cov neurons. Qhov no tso cai rau peb hais tias ependyma yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm epithelium. Nws ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis yog morphological counterpart ntawm lub periphery ntawm lub cev yog endothelium ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendrocytes yog hom glial hlwb uas nyob ib puag ncig cov neuron thiab nws cov txheej txheem. Lawv pom ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb thiab nyob ze ntawm lub peripheral sib xyaw thiab autonomic qab haus huv. Cov oligodendrocytes lawv tus kheej yog polygonal hlwb nruab nrog 1-5 txheej txheem. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, cais cov neuron los ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm lub cev thiab muab cov xwm txheej rau cov paj hlwb thiab tsim cov impulses. Muaj peb hom oligodendrocytes uas txawv hauv morphology:
- central cell nyob ze lub cev ntawm lub hlwb neuron;
- satellite cell nyob ib puag ncig lub cev ntawm cov neuron nyob rau hauv lub peripheral ganglion;
- Schwann cell, npog cov txheej txheem neuronal thiab tsim nws cov myelin sheath.
Oligodendrocyte glial hlwb pom ob qho tib si hauv lub hlwb thiab qaum qaum thiab hauv cov hlab ntsha peripheral. Ntxiv mus, nws tseem tsis tau paub tias lub xov tooj ntawm tes satellite txawv li cas ntawm lub hauv paus. Xav txog tias cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm txhua lub hlwb ntawm lub cev, tshwj tsis yog cov hlwb ntawm kev sib deev, yog tib yam, nws zoo li cov oligodendrocytes tuaj yeem hloov pauv ib leeg. Cov haujlwm ntawm oligodendrocytes yog raws li hauv qab no:
- reference;
- insulating;
- sib;
- trophic.
Astrocytes
Astrocytes yog cov hlwb glial ntawm lub hlwb uas tsim cov medulla. Lawv zoo li lub hnub qub thiab me me, txawm hais tias lawv loj dua li microglial hlwb. Tsuas muaj ob hom astrocytes: fibrous thiab protoplasmic. Thawj hom hlwb nyob hauv cov teeb meem dawb thiab grey ntawm lub hlwb, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov dawb.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov txheej txheem neuronal myelinated tseem ceeb. Protoplasmic astrocytes tseem yog cov hlwb glial: lawv pom nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem dawb thiab grey ntawm lub hlwb, tab sis lawv muaj ntau ntau hauv cov teeb meem grey. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv txoj haujlwm yog los tsim kev txhawb nqa rau lub cev ntawm cov neurons thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav-hlwb barrier.
Microglia
Microglial hlwb yog hom kawg ntawm neuroglia. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li tag nrho lwm cov hlwb ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb, lawv yog mesodermal keeb kwm thiab yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm monocytes. Lawv cov precursors yog qia qe ntshav. Vim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neurons thiab lawv cov txheej txheem, nws yog glial hlwb uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Thiab lawv cov haujlwm yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov ntaub so ntswg macrophages. Lawv muaj lub luag haujlwm rau phagocytosis thiab antigen paub thiab nthuav tawm.
Microglia muaj hom tshwj xeeb ntawm glialcov hlwb uas muaj cov receptors ntawm kev sib txawv pawg, uas paub meej tias lawv cov pob txha pob txha hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev siv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Lawv kuj yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob demyelinating, Alzheimer's disease thiab Parkinson's syndrome. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cell nws tus kheej tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem pathological. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum, thaum nws muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau lub mechanism ntawm microglia activation, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no yuav raug suppressed.
