Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch's rods) yog Gram-positive, rod-zoo li tus kab mob uas tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv filamentous. Lawv yog cov acid-resistant thiab immobile, muaj ntau lipids thiab ciab nyob rau hauv lawv cov phab ntsa, uas predetermines lawv tsis kam mus rau tej yam, tshav ntuj los yog ziab. Cov kab mob no tsis zoo stained nrog aniline dyes thiab nthuav tawm cov kab mob siab thiab hydrophobicity.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov morphological tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob no yog cov qauv coccoid thiab L-shaped, txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau yog nyias thiab ncaj, me ntsis nkhaus rods. Tsis tas li ntawd, Mycobacterium tuberculosis muaj Fly grains (specific acid-labile granules) hauv cytoplasm.
Yog tias peb tham txog cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov kab mob no, ces lawv yog facultative anaerobes lossis aerobes. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog kev loj hlob qeeb heev thiab xav tau cov protein thiab glycerol rau kev loj hlob zoo. Hauv cov kua dej tawm, cov kab mob no tsim ib zaj duab xis saum npoo. Txog ntom cov khoom noj muaj zog kub, MyCobacacterium tuberculosis thaum lub sij hawm ua kom tiav daim ntawv qhuavcream-xim txheej, nyob rau hauv tsos lawv colonies zoo li cauliflower.
Pathogenetic nta
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob pathogenicity yog "cord factor". Cov no yog glycolipids uas tiv thaiv Koch's sticks los ntawm phagocytosis thiab predetermine cov tshuaj lom puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Mycobacterium tuberculosis yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm antigens, yog li lawv cov kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv tsis tau.
Puas yog tuberculosis kis? Hauv kev kis kab mob ntawm tus kab mob no, peb txoj kev kis tus kab mob yog qhov txawv. Nws yog huab cua, los ntawm cov kab mob tsiaj txhu (alimentary) thiab hauv huab cua. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv lub neej feem ntau los mus rau kev sib cuag nrog tuberculosis pathogens, tab sis tus kab mob no tsis tsim, uas nyob ntawm seb lub cev tsis kam.
Koch's sticks feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev ua pa, uas lawv raug ntes los ntawm macrophages. Tom qab ntawd, lub bronchopneumonic tsom xam yog tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nkag ntawm cov kab mob no, thiab o ntawm lub regional lymph nodes kuj tsim. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws thiab ua kom dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem tuberculosis. Nrog rau siab tsis kam ntawm lub cev, mycobacteria nres ntau. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv nyob hauv lub cev tau ntev thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias kev kuaj pom tus kab mob sai sai ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Niaj hnub no, ntau thiab ntau zaustxoj kev kuaj mob tshiab kawg, ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase saw.
Thaum ua PCR rau tuberculosis, nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom Koch's bacillus DNA txawm tias lawv cov nyiaj tsawg, thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob los ntawm lwm txoj kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv PCR, nws yog qhov yooj yim los kuaj xyuas qhov tsis kam ntawm mycobacteria rau cov tshuaj ib leeg. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws txaus los luam cov noob uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob rau rifampicin, isoniazid lossis lwm yam tshuaj, uas yuav siv sijhawm tsis pub dhau 48 teev.
