Saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, txoj kev kho mob

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Saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, txoj kev kho mob
Saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, txoj kev kho mob

Video: Saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, txoj kev kho mob

Video: Saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb: ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob, txoj kev kho mob
Video: Da Vang - Puas Yog Nyuab2 Koj (nkauj tawm tshiab 2021) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Muaj ntau tus neeg tau ntsib xws li ib yam li saccular aneurysm. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm protrusion ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv nws cov qauv. Feem ntau me ntsis cov hlab ntsha, aortas, tag nrho lub cev raug cuam tshuam.

Dab tsi ua rau muaj qhov txhab pob txha? Dab tsi yog qhov predisposing yam? Puas muaj cov tsos mob uas qhia tau tias nws tshwm sim? Thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, yuav ua li cas kho cov kab mob no? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab ntau lwm cov lus nug ntsig txog lub ncauj lus tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus.

Nyob rau ntawm pathology

Yog li ntawd, lub saccular aneurysm yog ib tug protrusion ntawm ib qho chaw tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau nws cov phab ntsa.

Vim li cas lub npe zoo li no? Vim qhov pom kev, qhov neoplasm zoo li lub hnab. Feem ntau nws tsis manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, thiab yog li ntawd, ua ntej qhov kev xeemtseem tsis tau pom dua. Tab sis qee zaum lub hnab tuaj yeem tawg. Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav yuav raug tso rau hauv pob txha taub hau, uas yuav ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo. Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim loj (stroke).

Saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb tseem hu ua saccular. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kawm. Ntawm tag nrho cov intracranial aneurysms, txog 80-90% poob rau nws. Raws li txoj cai, "bags" yog tsim rau ntawm ceg ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj, nrog rau ntawm lawv cov bifurcations.

saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb
saccular aneurysm ntawm lub hlwb

Txheeb cais thiab kev faib tawm

Nws tsim nyog tham me ntsis txog qhov feem pua ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Saccular aneurysms daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov chaw hauv qab no:

  • Internal carotid artery (36%).
  • Nruab nrab cerebral (33%) thiab anterior (15%).
  • Basic artery, tseem hu ua basilar artery (6%).
  • Posterior medulla (5%).
  • External carotid (2%).

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw, cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm muab faib ua ob peb hom. Muaj xws li kev faib me me:

  • Cerebral artery aneurysm. Visually zoo ib yam li lub pob me me los yog bulge nyob rau hauv lub nkoj. Zoo li nws yog "dai" rau ntawm qia.
  • Aneurysm ntawm anterior sib txuas hlab ntsha. Kev phom sij neoplasm. Nws tsis qhia rau koj paub txog nws tus kheej kiag li. Yog tias nws tsis pom thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, tus neeg mob yuav kawm txog nws tsuas yog tom qab nws tawg. Thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub hypothalamus los yog ib tug nco tsis meej.
  • Aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv carotid. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug cais seem protrudes. nwsprovokes ib tug qaug zog cheeb tsam ntawm lub nkoj.

Feem ntau cov "hnab" no muaj tseeb, uas yog, sab hauv phab ntsa protrudes sab nraud. Lawv ua dab tsi? Los ntawm cov tawv tawv tawv fiber ntau. Raws li aneurysm loj hlob, nws feem ntau hloov cov duab, thiab cov ntshav txhaws hauv nws. Hauv qhov no, qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim.

Dab tsi txog qhov loj? Cov hnab no tuaj yeem me me (txog 5 hli), nruab nrab (6-15mm), loj (16-25mm) thiab loj (tshaj 25mm).

Yog vim li cas

Cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tau ua haujlwm rau lawv cov lus qhia tau ntev. Tab sis txog niaj hnub no, tsuas yog cov xwm txheej predisposing tau paub, vim tias qhov saccular aneurysm ntawm sab laug lossis sab xis tuaj yeem tsim. Lawv tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov npe hauv qab no:

  • Nicotine tsim txom.
  • Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
  • mob hlab ntsha.
  • Meningitis.
  • Hereditary predisposition. Manifested nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa tsis muaj zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha thaum yug.
  • Tub tuberculosis.
  • polycystic raum kab mob.
  • Pab mob plab.
  • Syphilis nyob rau theem siab.
  • Kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv.
  • Hypertension.

Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov xwm txheej uas tsim cov aneurysms tau ua ntej los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib kis. Feem ntau, cysts thiab qog ua rau cov kab mob no.

Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej. Tab sis pawg pheej hmoo feem ntau yog txiv neej tshaj 50.

saccular aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid
saccular aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid

Symptoms

Ntau zaus ib lub saccular aneurysm ntawm lub paj hlwb tsim tsis muaj tej yam tshwj xeeb qhia tau hais tias nws. Tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho uas yuav muaj cov tsos mob. Lawv tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov npe hauv qab no:

  • Headache. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, tab sis ntau zaus lawv ua rau lawv tus kheej hnov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qaug dab peg. Feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ntshav siab. Mob yog nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw - nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw raws nraim lub saccular aneurysm tau tsim. Yog hais tias nws yog tob, ces qhov tsis xis nyob yuav tsis thab ib tug neeg ntau, vim hais tias lub hlwb tsis muaj mob receptors. Tab sis aneurysms superficial nyem cov membranes - lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xis nyob. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob txawm raug mob migraine, uas ploj tom qab kev phais.
  • Npaj tsaug zog. Yog hais tias ib qho saccular aneurysm tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam uas tswj kev pw tsaug zog, tus neeg yuav muaj kev tsaug zog los yog insomnia.
  • Qhia thiab ntuav. Cov tsos mob no tshwm sim yog tias mob meninges khaus. Thiab xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshwm sim los ntawm superficial aneurysms. Loj "lub hnab" ua rau muaj zog intracranial siab, thiab nws kuj yog fraught nrog xeev siab uas tshwm sim vim kiv taub hau. Thiab nws tsis ploj mus txawm tias tom qab noj tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias muaj teeb meem hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hlwb.
  • Meningeal tsos mob. Lawv qhov ua rau yog superficial los yog loj aneurysms. Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau yog nro hauv caj dab cov leeg, tsis muaj peev xwm khoov ob txhais ceg ntawm lub hauv caug lossis lub duav sib koom.
  • Txhawj xeeb. Lawv sawvvim compressed superficial qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb. Cov tsos mob no qhia txog qhov loj aneurysms. Nws mob hnyav heev, vim qhov mob taub hau tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa ua pa.
  • Impaired rhiab heev. Feem ntau, saccular aneurysms ntawm cerebral hlab ntsha compress cov qauv uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov no. Feem ntau txawm tias tactile rhiab heev poob rau qee qhov chaw, hnov lus thiab tsis pom kev tshwm sim. Lub xub ntiag ntawm aneurysm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav.

Txawm tias cov tsos mob hnyav dua yog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab lub paj hlwb ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias txhua tus neeg mob uas muaj saccular aneurysm ntawm lub paj hlwb muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kheej. Qhov no nyuaj heev rau kev kuaj mob.

kev ua haujlwm saccular aneurysm
kev ua haujlwm saccular aneurysm

Saccular aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid

Qhov no pathology tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nws yeej tsis ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib qho twg, thiab nws cov tsos mob sib txawv.

Loj aneurysms txawm pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Lawv yog cov qog me me ntawm lub caj dab. Lub saccular aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha carotid tuaj yeem hnov qhov elasticity (yog tias muaj cov ntshav ua kua) lossis tuab (yog tias tsuas muaj cov hlab ntsha hauv).

Cov tsos mob ceeb toom hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  • kiv taub hau.
  • Insomnia.
  • Nyob ntev.
  • Tinnitus.
  • Headheev for tsis muaj laj thawj.
  • Kev tsis xis nyob hauv cheeb tsam hauv plawv.
  • Kev tsis pom kev.
  • ua tsis taus pa.
  • Cov me nyuam mob plab thiab mob qhov muag.
  • Zoo li cov hlab ntsha tawg.
  • Mob hauv xub pwg, nraub qaum ntawm lub taub hau, caj dab.

Yog tias lub saccular aneurysm ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv carotid loj, ces nws nias rau ntawm lub ntsws, caj pas, txawm tias txoj hlab pas. Vim li no, muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Lawv tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov ntswg, dyspnea (ua tsis taus pa), dysphonia, hoarseness.

Thaum nws loj tuaj, cov qog loj hlob zuj zus, sib sib zog nqus, ua rau cov hlab ntsha nyob sib ze. Vim li no, mob mob tshwm sim, paresis, tuag tes tuag taw.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais kev tshwj tseg tias lub saccular aneurysm ntawm txoj hlab ntsha sab xis yog cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Cov no yog fainting, mob taub hau, tsis nco qab, dyspepsia, convulsions, psychomotor agitation. Yog hais tias lub neoplasm tau tshwm sim ntawm sab laug hlab ntsha, ces epileptiform qaug dab peg, lub cev muaj zog aphasia, hemianopsia, paresthesia yog ua tau.

Saccular aortic aneurysm

Lwm rooj plaub uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntxiv. Vim qhov tsim no, ib qho irreversible expansion ntawm lub lumen ntawm arterial pob tw tshwm sim. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub plab (37%), nyob rau hauv lub ascending thiab descending cheeb tsam thoracic (23% thiab 19.5%) thiab nyob rau hauv lub arches (19%). Feem ntau, qhov neoplasm no ua ke nrog coarctation thiab aortic insufficiency.

Cov tsos mob txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov "pob" tshwm sim. Mob feem ntau yog cov tsos mob. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm stretching los yog puas rau lub aortic phab ntsa, los yog lub thiaj li hu ua compressionSyndrome.

Yog tias, piv txwv li, lub plab aorta raug cuam tshuam, tus neeg mob tau ntsib nrog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • Nkauj kho siab heev.
  • Heaviness nyob rau hauv lub epigastrium.
  • Burp.
  • Kev tsis xis nyob hauv plab.
  • Ntaus thiab ntuav.
  • Zoo plab plab.
  • Kev poob phaus.
  • plab hnyuv dysfunction.
  • Nyob hauv plab plab.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum ib qho aneurysm tsim nyob rau hauv ascending aorta, retrosternal mob, kiv taub hau, tachycardia, ua tsis taus pa tshwm sim. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsos mob zoo tshaj vena cava, o ntawm lub ntsej muag lossis txawm tias lub cev sab saud.

Thaum "cov hnab" tsim ntawm lub aortic arch, muaj compression ntawm txoj hlab pas, hnoos qhuav, hoarseness, bradycardia thiab drooling. Tej zaum yuav muaj stridor ua pa, ua pa luv. Thiab nrog aneurysm ntawm descending aorta, qhov mob tshwm nyob rau hauv lub scapula, sab caj npab. Yog tias cov hlab ntsha intercostal tseem koom nrog, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho tus txha caj qaum ischemia.

saccular aneurysm ntawm superior vena cava
saccular aneurysm ntawm superior vena cava

Diagnosis

Raws li txoj cai, kev tshuaj xyuas yog ua raws li tib txoj cai - nws tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub cev pob txha ntawm cov vena cava superior lossis ib qho uas tau tsim hauv cov hlab ntsha carotid.

Ua ntej, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav, qhia meej cov lus tsis txaus siab, sau cov anamnesis, kawm cov duab kho mob. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas raug muab tso tseg. Raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ua qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, sau ntawv kho kom muaj peev xwm. Nov yog cov txheej txheem qhia paub ntau tshaj:

  • Ultrasound. Muaj peev xwm muab cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog cov qauv ntawm phab ntsa vascular, nrog rau kev ceev ntawm cov ntshav khiav thiab lub xeev ntawm lumen.
  • Doppler kuaj. Pab txiav txim seb tus neeg mob puas muaj kab mob vascular.
  • Angiography. Nws koom nrog kev tswj hwm txoj hlab ntshav ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv rau kev tsim cov x-rays tom ntej. Lawv yog cov tseeb, meej, qhia txog lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab tag nrho cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lawv.
  • Duplex scanning. Nws pab ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv ob-dimensional projection lub xeev ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Triplex, feem, hauv peb-dimensional.
  • MRI. Siv txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem tsim kev kuaj mob, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab txog daim ntawv thiab theem ntawm tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej - los txiav txim qhov kev kho mob tactics. Tab sis ntau zaus, MRI yog nyiam rau CT - xam tomography yog qhov tseeb dua.

Yog tias tus kws kho mob pom tias nws tsim nyog, ces electroencephalography yog sau. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim seb muaj lwm yam teeb meem vascular hauv lub hlwb.

saccular aneurysm ntawm sab hauv carotid hlab ntsha
saccular aneurysm ntawm sab hauv carotid hlab ntsha

Kev ua haujlwm

Kev phais yog qhia yog tias qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb loj dua 7 hli.

Ua ntej lub sijhawm teem sijhawm ua haujlwm, kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam dav dav yog yuav tsum tau ua. Ntawm lawv:

  • Kev tshuaj ntsuam zis thiab ntshav.
  • Coagulogram.
  • kuaj ntshav biochemical.
  • ECG.
  • x-ray.
  • kuaj ntshav txhawm rau kuaj pom lossis tsis muaj tus kab mob siab kab mob siab, RW, HIV.

Yog muaj pov thawj, nws yog uakev sab laj ntawm ib tug kws kho mob, neurologist thiab lwm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. MRI, CT thiab digital subtraction angiography tseem yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev cuam tshuam.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tshem tau cov kab mob saccular aneurysms? Kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem qhib lossis endovascular. Thawj hom yog qhov nyuaj dua, vim nws cuam tshuam nrog craniotomy. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, tsuas yog ib qho puncture xwb.

Kev kho mob saccular aneurysm
Kev kho mob saccular aneurysm

Rehab

Tom qab ua haujlwm, tus neeg ntawd nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob hauv chav saib xyuas mob hnyav. Kwv yees li ntawm 24-48 teev nws raug xa mus rau cov paj hlwb. Nyob ntawd, cov kws kho mob txuas ntxiv saib xyuas thiab kho rau 7-14 hnub.

Puas muaj teeb meem? Yog, tab sis lawv tsis tshua muaj neeg. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho kev tsis zoo rau cov tshuaj loog, kev puas tsuaj rau cov phab ntsa vascular. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj niaj hnub, qhov no yuav luag tsis tshwm sim, tab sis ib tug neeg yuav tsum paub txog cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv:

  • Clot formation.
  • Stroke.
  • Cerebral edema.
  • hais lus nyuaj.
  • Kev mob.
  • Kev nco lossis tsis pom kev.
  • Teeb meem nrog kev sib koom tes thiab sib npaug.

Tab sis tshem tawm qhov aneurysm txo qis qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Kev khiav hauj lwm thiab cov teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm kho dua tshiab yog qhov sib piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig uas yuav tshwm sim vim qhov tawg ntawm "lub hnab". Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov teeb meem raug tshem tawm thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis hnub tom qab phais.

BHauv ob lub lis piam, tus neeg mob yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm mob taub hau, ntxhov siab vim thiab qaug zog. Yog tias qhib kev cuam tshuam, ces qhov tsis xis nyob yuav luag me ntsis.

Nws siv sijhawm li ob lub hlis kom rov zoo. Tej zaum koj yuav tau txais cov txheej txheem physiotherapy, kev pab los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb, ua haujlwm nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus, kev tawm dag zog, kev zaws. Nco ntsoov noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj raws li kws kho mob hlwb, nrog rau kev tswj hwm txoj kev ua neej nyob ntsiag to. Nws yog txwv tsis pub nqa tej yam uas hnyav tshaj 2-2.5 kg.

saccular aortic aneurysm
saccular aortic aneurysm

Aneurysm rupture

Yog tias nws tshwm sim, ces qhov kev cia siab feem ntau tsis zoo. Kwv yees li 30% ntawm cov neeg mob tuag, thiab yog vim li cas cov tsos mob ceeb toom tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Kev phais yuav cawm tau txoj sia.

Yog tias muaj qhov tawg, tus neeg tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab raug phais. Qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev kom kho lub saccular aneurysm. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub txaj nruj thiab noj tshuaj. Raws li txoj cai, tus kws kho mob tau sau ib qho hauv qab no:

  • Sedatives: Persen, Bellaspon, Valocordin.
  • painkillers: Brustan, Ibuklin, Ketonal.
  • Y Vasodilators: Cinnarizine, Pentoxifylline, Papaverine.
  • txhais tau tias txhim kho cov ntshav: "Trental", "Complamin", thiab nicotinic acid.
  • Antihypoxants: Actovegin.
  • Antiaggreants: Cardiomagnyl, Curantil, Aspirin.
  • Vitamins: Neuromultivit.

Lub hom phiajtshuaj kho mob - txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa vascular. Qee tus neeg tseem xyaum siv tshuaj kho pej xeem, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ua tau yog tias tus kws kho mob tuaj koom tau pom zoo. Propolis, dill los yog hawthorn tincture, qus sawv decoction, chokeberry infusion ua haujlwm zoo.

Tab sis dhau ntawm qhov no, nws tseem yuav tsim nyog los ua kom lub neej zoo li qub. Nws yog txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv, noj nqaij liab thiab zaub mov tsis zoo. Kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum muaj ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tshiab, nco ntsoov saib xyuas cov qib roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav.

Thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab lawm, koj yuav tsum pib ua lub neej ua haujlwm ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Taug kev sab nraum zoov ntau zaus, mus rau hauv pas dej ua ke ob peb zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua. Aneurysm yog kab mob txaus ntshai, tab sis nws tsis yog kab lus. Nrog rau kev kho raws sijhawm thiab tus neeg mob lub luag haujlwm tus cwj pwm rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv, qhov kev cia siab tau zoo.

Pom zoo: