Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) yog cov protein tshwj xeeb ntawm pawg cytokines - cov tshuaj hormone zoo li tsim los ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. Nws yog qhov txaus siab rau cov tshuaj vim nws cov khoom - lub peev xwm ua rau cell tuag (necrosis) ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg intratumoral. Qhov no yog qhov kev ua txhaum tiag tiag hauv cov tshuaj, tso cai rau kev siv tshuaj nrog TNF rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Discovery keeb kwm
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ib qho qauv tau pom nyob rau hauv kev kho mob: hauv qee cov neeg mob, muaj qhov txo qis thiab / lossis ploj ntawm cov qog tom qab raug mob. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas William Coley pib txhob txwm txhaj tshuaj rau cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov kab mob sib kis (cov kab mob thiab lawv cov co toxins).
Txoj kev tsis tau lees paub tias muaj txiaj ntsig, vim nws muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog rau lub cev ntawm cov neeg mob. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb uas coj mus raukuaj pom cov protein hu ua qog necrosis factor. Cov tshuaj pom tau tshwm sim ua rau tuag sai sai ntawm cov hlwb malignant implanted nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas sim. Ib me ntsis tom qab, ntshiab TNF raug cais tawm, uas ua rau nws siv tau rau kev tshawb fawb.
Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tiag tiag hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Yav dhau los, nrog kev pab los ntawm cytokine proteins, nws muaj peev xwm kho tau tsuas yog ib co oncological formations - daim tawv nqaij melanoma, raum mob cancer. Tab sis kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev kawm txog cov khoom muaj los ntawm cov qog necrosis. Kev npaj raws li nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem chemotherapy.
Mechanism of action
Tumor necrosis yam ua rau ntawm lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Muaj ob peb lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua:
- Los ntawm tshwj xeeb TNF receptors, ntau theem txheej txheem tau pib - programmed cell tuag (apoptosis). Qhov kev txiav txim no hu ua cytotoxic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias qhov ploj tag ntawm neoplasm lossis qhov txo qis hauv nws qhov loj yog pom.
- Los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lossis ua tiav ntawm lub voj voog ntawm tes. Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tsis tuaj yeem sib faib thiab cov qog loj hlob tsis tau. Qhov kev txiav txim no hu ua cytostatic. Feem ntau, cov qog yuav tsum tsis txhob loj hlob lossis me me.
- Los ntawm thaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov hlab ntsha tshiab ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha uas twb muaj lawm. Cov qog, deprived ntawm kev noj haus, necrotizes, shrinks thiab ploj.
Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov qog nqaij hlav cancer tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov tsw rau cov tshuaj noj vim kev hloov pauv. Ces cov txheej txheem piav saum toj no tsis tshwm sim.
siv kho mob
Tumor necrosis factor yog siv nyob rau hauv lub npe hu ua cytokine therapy - kho nrog cov proteins tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ntawm cov qe ntshav ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov txheej txheem yog ua tau nyob rau txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem qog thiab tsis yog contraindicated rau cov neeg uas muaj concomitant pathologies - plawv, raum, hepatic. Recombinant qog necrosis yog siv los txo toxicity.
Kev kho nrog cytokines yog qhov tshiab thiab txhim kho kev coj ua hauv oncology. Tib lub sijhawm, kev siv TNF suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Txij li cov tshuaj no yog tshuaj lom heev, nws yog siv los ntawm lub npe hu ua regional perfusion. Cov txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ib feem ntawm lub cev los yog ib feem ntawm lub cev kis tus kab mob yog cais los ntawm cov ntshav dav dav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd pib cov ntshav ncig nrog TNF qhia.
Txoj Kev Txaus Siab
Tumor necrosis factor yog siv nrog ceev faj hauv kev kho mob. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ua pov thawj tias TNF yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho sepsis, toxic shock. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov protein no nce cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kab mob HIV hauv tus neeg mob. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias TNF koom nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune (piv txwv li, mob caj dab rheumatoid) uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua yuam kev.muab cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlwb ntawm nws lub cev rau lub cev txawv teb chaws thiab ua rau lawv puas tsuaj.
Kom txo qis cov teebmeem tshuaj lom neeg tsawg, cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no raug pom:
- siv tsuas yog hauv zos ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qog tsim;
- ua ke nrog lwm yam tshuaj;
- ua haujlwm nrog mutant tsawg toxicity TNF proteins;
- txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo.
Cov xwm txheej no yuam kev siv cov qog necrosis tsawg. Lawv txoj kev kho yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo.
Diagnostic indicator
Kev kuaj ntshav tsis sau npe TNF hauv lub cev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis nws qib nce siab hauv cov kab mob sib kis, thaum cov kab mob co toxins nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem ntim rau hauv cov zis. Cov qog nqaij hlav necrosis hauv cov kua dej sib koom qhia pom tias mob caj dab rheumatoid.
Tsis tas li, qhov nce hauv qhov ntsuas no qhia txog kev tsis haum tshuaj, kab mob oncological thiab yog ib qho cim ntawm kev tsis lees txais cov neeg pub khoom nruab nrog cev. Muaj pov thawj tias qhov nce ntawm qhov ntsuas no yuav qhia tau tias tsis muaj kab mob sib kis, piv txwv li, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, mob ntsws asthma.
Nrog ntau yam kev tiv thaiv kab mob (xws li AIDS) thiab cov kab mob kis hnyav, nrog rau kev raug mob thiab kub hnyiab, cov xwm txheej raug tsim los txo cov qog necrosis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav muaj qhov zoo sib xws.
Tshuaj
TNF-raws li cov tshuaj raug hu ua lub hom phiaj - muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho molecule ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, ua rau cov neeg tuag tom qab. NtawmQhov no cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kabmob tseem tsawg, uas txo cov toxicity uas qog necrosis muaj. TNF-based tshuaj yog siv ob leeg ntawm nws tus kheej (monotherapy) thiab ua ke nrog lwm yam tshuaj.
Hnub no muaj ob peb TNF-raws li cov nyiaj, uas yog:
- NGR-TNF yog ib qho tshuaj txawv teb chaws uas nws cov khoom xyaw nquag yog TNF derivative. Muaj peev xwm ua kom puas cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov qog, depriving nws ntawm kev noj haus.
- "Alnorin" yog kev txhim kho Lavxias. Ua tau zoo heev ua ke nrog interferons.
Refnot yog cov tshuaj Lavxias tshiab uas muaj cov qog nqaij hlav necrosis thiab thymosin-alpha 1. Nws cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg heev, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib npaug rau ntuj TNF thiab txawm tias dhau nws vim nws cov nyhuv immunostimulating. Cov tshuaj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1990. Nws tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev sim tshuaj uas tsim nyog thiab tau sau npe hauv xyoo 2009 nkaus xwb, uas tau tso cai rau kev kho mob ntawm malignant neoplasms.
Kev tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm cov tshuaj raws li cov qog necrosis yog txwv nruj heev. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
