Cov tshuaj Hormonal, lub npe thiab cov khoom uas tau piav qhia hauv qab no, yog siv los kho cov kab mob ntawm cov poj niam qhov chaw mos thiab cov kab mob raug cuam tshuam nrog cov thyroid caj pas. Cov tshuaj yog analogues ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tsim los ntawm lub cev. Kev siv lawv yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal tsis txaus los ntawm cov qog endocrine, nrog rau kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm kev tswj hwm qee yam haujlwm ntawm lub cev, ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Hom tshuaj hormones siv hauv tshuaj
Raws li txoj kev tau txais tshuaj hormonal yog qhov txawv ntawm:
- Hormones rho tawm ntawm cov qog tsiaj.
- Zoo sib xyaw ua ke cov tshuaj hormones.
- Synthetic yuav luag zoo tib yam analogues.
- YNroj tsuag cov tshuaj hormones.
Raws li lub cev uas cov tshuaj hormones synthesized:
- YPituitary hormones.
- Tsim los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub txiav.
- Cov tshuaj hormones ntawm qhov chaw mos.
- YThyroid Hormones.
- Cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm cov qog parathyroid.
Cov tshuaj hormones
Qhia rau kev teem sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones
Cov kab mob hnyav thiab mob ntev ntawm ntau lub cev raug kho nrog tshuaj hormonal, uas yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tiv thaiv tus kab mob, tab sis yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis raws li kev saib xyuas kev kho mob. Tag nrho cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg no muaj indications thiab contraindications.
Siv cov tshuaj hormone-based:
- Kab mob uas txo cov thyroid ua haujlwm (hypothyroidism).
- Gynecology (kev ua poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov tsos mob menopausal, endometriosis, teeb meem nrog kev xeeb tub, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev txhawb zog ua haujlwm).
- Tshem tawm cov kab mob, ua xua, cov tsos mob edematous hauv kev kho mob dav dav.
- Kho cov kab mob autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid mob caj dab).
- Nrog cov protein metabolism tsis zoo, cachexia thiab nqaij nkim.
Kev kho cov thyroid pathology nrog cov tshuaj hormones
"L-thyroxine" yog ib qho tshuaj kho cov thyroid pathology. Cov tshuaj yog ib tug hluavtaws isomer ntawm cov tshuaj hormone T 4, uas yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm hormonalntsiav tshuaj nrog cov khoom xyaw nquag levothyroxine sodium, uas ua haujlwm tib yam hauv lub cev uas T 4yuav tsum ua. Cov no suav nrog kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, kev saib xyuas cov metabolism, cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb, lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Nws yog kws kho mob endocrinologist rau hypothyroidism (qhov txo qis hauv thyroxine hauv qab ib txwm), raws li kev hloov T4 thaum cov thyroid caj pas raug tshem tawm vim goiter, mob qog noj ntshav.
Muaj nyob rau hauv 50, 75, 100 thiab 150mcg ntsiav tshuaj. Qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov ntshav. Kev txais tos ib txwm nqa tawm ntawm lub plab khoob thaum sawv ntxov. Txij li cov tshuaj yog ib feem tseem ceeb, nws tseem yuav tsum tau noj txawm tias thaum cev xeeb tub.
L-thyroxine yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov thyroid muaj nuj nqi, mob myocardial infarction, myocarditis, adrenal insufficiency, intolerance mus rau lub ntsiab tshuaj levothyroxine sodium los yog auxiliary Cheebtsam.
Raws li kev noj zaub mov zoo, cov tshuaj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsuas yog nrog kev noj ntau dhau (palpitations, arrhythmia, insomnia, tawm hws, raws plab, tshee hnyo).
npe tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal
Kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau kev npaj cev xeeb tub yog ib qho txhais tau tias tsis yog txo cov kev rho menyuam tawm xwb, tab sis kuj los tawm tsam qee yam kab mob ntawm cov poj niam qhov chaw mos. Cov no suav nrog kev rov ua kom muaj kev coj khaub ncawsLub voj voog nrog lub sij hawm tsis tu ncua, mob hnyav, pab nrog mob hnyav premenstrual, kho pob txuv (pob txuv).
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Hormonal rau cov poj niam tau muab faib ua ob peb tiam:
- Thawj tiam muaj cov tshuaj estrogen ntawm 0.1-0.05 mg thiab tsis siv hauv gynecology niaj hnub.
- tiam thib ob muaj 0.03-0.035 mg ethinylestradiol thiab progestogens (levonorgestrel, norethisterol, norgestrel).
- tiam thib peb muaj ethinylestradiol 0.02-0.03mg thiab progestogens (desogestrel, gestodene, norgestimate).
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thib peb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov poj niam. Tsawg dua li cov tshuaj thib ob ua rau qhov hnyav nce vim yog cov tshuaj hormones siab.
Los ntawm hom, kev npaj tshuaj hormonal muab faib ua monophasic, biphasic thiab triphasic. Qhov sib txawv yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv progestogen, uas nyob rau hauv ib-theem tus neeg sawv cev muaj nyob rau hauv tib tus nqi nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiav tshuaj. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv biphasic, tus nqi ntawm gestagens hloov nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm lub voj voog, thiab hauv peb-theem contraceptives, cov kev hloov pauv ntau dua physiological (hauv peb theem).
Monophasic contraceptives yog qhia rau cov neeg mob uas mob hnyav tsis khov, mob hnyav premenstrual, nyuaj rau ovulation, mastopathy ntawm cov qog mammary, ua haujlwm ntawm zes qe menyuam. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj monophasic hormonal pob txuv rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, sib txuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pob txuv.
Tau monophasicCov tshuaj muaj xws li: Novinet, Logest, Silest, Regulon, Mercilon, Jess, Diane-35, Lindinet, Zhanin, Yarina, Rigevidon, Microgynon.
Cov tshuaj Hormonal "Novinet" vim qhov sib xyaw ua ke inhibit ovulation vim qhov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj hormones gonadotropic ntawm lub caj pas pituitary, thiab tseem ua rau kom cov viscosity ntawm cov mucus ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab hloov lub endometrium, uas tiv thaiv cov viscosity. phev los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev menyuam thiab lub qe los ntawm kev txuas mus rau nws phab ntsa. Cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lipid metabolism thiab ntxuav cov tawv nqaij los ntawm pob txuv.
Cov tshuaj "Jess" muaj cov tshuaj progestogen uas tshaj li ntawm "Novinet". Cia peb siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau mob hnyav premenstrual syndrome, pob txuv. Cov tshuaj Hormonal "Jess", raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, tawm tsam pob txuv zoo dua "Novinet".
Biphasic contraceptives suav nrog: "Anteovin", "Minisiston", "Bifazil".
Daim npe ntawm peb-theem tshuaj hormonal: Trikvilar, Tri-regol, Tri-merci, Triziston, Milvane.
Risks thiab contraindications rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv
Cov tshuaj hormones yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus qhia, suav nrog hnub nyoog, comorbidities, hormonal keeb kwm yav dhau, lub cev qhov hnyav. Ntawm koj tus kheej, tsuas yog muab lub npe koj nyiam, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv tshuaj hormonal, vim tias koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub cev xeeb tub thiab lub cev tag nrho.
Peb lub hlis tom qab pib noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, koj yuav tsum tau mus kuaj gynecological, uas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tom qab tsawg kawg ib zaug ib zaug.xyoo.
Raws li cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev yug menyuam raug muab tshuaj nyob ntawm qib ntawm kev pheej hmoo:
First degree tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Pawg no suav nrog:
- poj niam hnub nyoog qis dua 40 nrog kev coj khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb;
- poj niam rog;
- yav dhau los ectopic cev xeeb tub;
- mob tom qab rho menyuam;
- ntau tshaj peb lub lis piam tom qab yug menyuam (cov poj niam uas tsis yog lactating);
- muaj kab mob inflammatory ntawm qhov chaw mos;
- mastopathy thiab fibroadenomas ntawm cov qog mammary;
- yaig lossis ectopia ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam;
- uterine lossis zes qe menyuam;
- kab mob trophoblastic;
- pag gestational diabetes;
- kab mob thyroid;
- mob vwm;
- hlau deficiency anemia;
- tuberculosis;
- kab mob parasitic;
- daim ntawv tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kab mob siab.
2. Qhov thib ob degree txhais tau hais tias qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntau dua qhov kev pheej hmoo (kev xaiv xaiv cov tshuaj raug raug). Cov xwm txheej rau pawg no:
- hnub nyoog tshaj 40;
- haus luam yeeb qis dua 35;
- mob taub hau, migraine (tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim);
- lactation ib nrab xyoo tom qab yug me nyuam;
- jaundice thaum cev xeeb tub dhau los;
- mob qog noj ntshav thiab ua ntej ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam;
- thrombophlebitis ntawm cov leeg sab nraud;
- kab mob plawv tsis muaj teeb meem;
- thalassemia;
- sickle cell anemia;
- paj qab zibdiabetes;
- kab mob ntawm lub gallbladder yam tsis muaj kev kho mob thiab tom qab phais kom tshem nws;
3. Qhov thib peb degree yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo tshaj qhov txiaj ntsig. Nws tsis tsim nyog siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias muaj:
- haus luam yeeb txog 20 luam yeeb ib hnub tom qab hnub nyoog 35;
- lactation ntawm 6 lub lis piam mus rau 6 lub hlis;
- xeev txog peb lub lis piam tom qab yug menyuam thaum tsis pub niam mis;
- mob cancer mis dhau los;
- tsis pom qhov chaw mos los ntshav;
- arterial hypertension (txog 160/100 mmHg);
- hyperlipidemia;
- pathology ntawm lub gallbladder;
- jaundice vim yog tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal;
- co-administration ntawm tej yam tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tsaug zog thiab anticonvulsants.
4. Qib plaub yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Kev siv yog nruj me ntsis contraindicated:
- haus luam yeeb ntau dua 20 luam yeeb ib hnub tom qab hnub nyoog 35;
- migraine nrog cov tsos mob focal;
- xeeb tub;
- lactation txog 6 lub lis piam tom qab yug menyuam;
- mob qog noj ntshav mis;
- arterial hypertension nrog kev nyeem ntawv siab tshaj 160/100 mmHg;
- thromboembolism;
- mob plawv ischemic;
- kab mob valvular nyuaj;
- ntshav qab zib mellitus nrog vascular teeb meem thiab kav ntev dua 20 xyoo;
- mob siab mob siab;
- mob cirrhosis;
- qog nqaij hlav.
Lub tswvyim ntawm menopause thiab menopause
Climacteric manifestations tuaj yeem txo tus qauv ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntawm cov poj niam rau xyoo. Kev laus ntawm lub cev xeeb tubtshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb theem: premenopause, menopause (50 ± 5 xyoo) thiab postmenopause (txog 65-69 xyoo). Qhov tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen nyob rau hauv zes qe menyuam pib poob ib nrab ntawm tsib xyoos ua ntej qhov kawg ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws. Menopausal cov tsos mob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv cuam tshuam txog li 80% ntawm cov poj niam.
Thaum ntxov menopause tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub tsis ua ntej hnub nyoog 40-44. Menopause ntxov ntxov - 37-39 xyoo. Ua ntej qhov kev tuag ntawm kev sib deev muaj nuj nqi pib, lub cev sai pib muaj hnub nyoog. Txhim kho osteoporosis, kab mob plawv, kev nyuaj siab.
Menopausal manifestations muaj xws li: kub flashes, tachycardia, tawm hws, mus ob peb vas swings, nco impairment, insomnia, ntxhov siab vim, atrophy ntawm qhov chaw mos mucosa, urethritis, nce pob txha fractures, periodontal kab mob, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm retinal ntaub so ntswg degeneration, muaj feem yuav. mob plawv thiab mob stroke.
tshuaj Hormonal rau menopause
Kev tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav qab zib hnyav yog siv cov tshuaj monophasic microdosed contraceptives hauv premenopause.
Kev kho cov tshuaj hormone hloov pauv yog siv rau hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab tom qab yug menyuam mus txog 65 xyoo. Nws lub sijhawm yog nyob ntawm cov tsos mob, cov kab mob sib kis ntawm tus poj niam, kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov tshuaj hormonal thaum cev xeeb tub.
Rau cov tshuaj hloov tshuaj hormones, tshuaj estrogen monopreparations raug sau tseg, tab sis nws yog lub cev ntau dua los siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj estrogens, progestogens nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm kev noj tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj Hormonal "Femoston" muaj estradiol thiabdydrogesterone, uas yog analogues ntawm poj niam txiv neej cov tshuaj hormonal. Thawj 14 hnub yog noj nrog ib hom tshuaj uas muaj cov estradiol nkaus xwb, thiab ob lub lis piam tom ntej, kev sib xyaw ntawm ob cov tshuaj hormones raug coj mus rau lub voj voog ntawm lub cev. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv, kev xav, vascular, daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, nrog rau osteoporosis, txo qis cov roj (cholesterol) phem, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim oncology ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Kev txhim kho ntawm tus mob yog pom los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm kev nkag, thiab ib qho kev ruaj ntseg zoo - los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm peb lub hlis. Cov ntsiav tshuaj raug siv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Divina ntsiav tshuaj muaj estradiol thiab medroxyprogesterone acetate, uas txo cov tsos mob ntawm menopause, ncua cov hluas thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus poj niam txoj kev loj hlob. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ua rau poj niam cev xeeb tub. Thawj 11 hnub yog noj cov tshuaj estradiol ntshiab, tom qab ntawd 10 hnub ua ke nrog progestogen. Hauv ib lub lis piam tom qab 21 ntsiav tshuaj, kev coj khaub ncaws los ntshav ploj. Tom qab siv tas li rau ib xyoos, kub flashes thiab tawm hws ploj tag.
tshuaj Hormone rau kev kho mob endometriosis
Endometriosis yog kab mob ntau yam uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg endometrial (cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev menyuam) rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, cuam tshuam rau txhua txheej ntawm lub tsev menyuam, zes qe menyuam, kwj dej hauv tsev menyuam, lub tsev menyuam. Clinically, nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob uas nce ntxiv nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob.
tshuaj Hormonal rauendometriosis yog siv los txo cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Rau qhov no, gestagen-muaj kev npaj yog siv. Cov no suav nrog "Duphaston", uas suav nrog dydrogesterone hauv qhov ntau ntawm 10 mg, uas yog ib qho analogue ntawm progesterone. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj yog ua raws li lub peev xwm los txo qis kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm endometrium, tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem qog nqaij hlav. Tsis cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav txhaws thiab lub siab ua haujlwm, tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis yog contraindicated thaum cev xeeb tub.
Ib qho tshuaj noj ib tus neeg raug pom zoo, uas yog xaiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob gynecologist. Cov tshuaj feem ntau zam tau zoo. Cov kev mob tshwm sim muaj xws li mob taub hau, xeev siab, ntshav smearing, hnyav hauv cov qog mammary, thiab quav quav. Duphaston yog contraindicated nyob rau hauv mob siab heev pathology, ib tug neeg intolerance, lactation.
Hormonal kho rau infertility
Cov tshuaj hormonal kom cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau noj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas nruj ntawm kws kho mob, vim lawv raug xaiv tom qab kev kawm tiav ntawm tus poj niam cov tshuaj hormones keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv hauv nws uas cuam tshuam nrog kev xav thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm. me nyuam.
txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kev xeeb tub vim yog qhov ua rau hormonal, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pub ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones ob zaug, sib piv cov ntsuas tau. Nrog kev coj khaub ncaws tsis tu ncua, tus nqi ntawm prolactin, testosterone, cortisol, thyroid hormones tau kawm nyob rau hnub 5-7 ntawm lub voj voog. Cov qib ntawm progesterone raug saib xyuas nyob rau 20-22nd hnub ntawm lub voj voog txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm corpus luteum, uasindirectly qhia yav dhau los ovulation. Nrog scanty thiab tsis coj khaub ncaws, pituitary cov tshuaj hormones lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej, nrog rau cov tshuaj estrogen, adrenal thiab thyroid hormones raug txiav txim.
Kev kho tsis muaj menyuam yuav nyob ntawm cov ntshav txawv txav rau cov tshuaj hormones. Yog tias hypothyroidism yog qhov ua txhaum ntawm kev xeeb tub, ces L-thyroxine thiab nws cov analogues raug sau los ua kom rov ua haujlwm.
Nrog kev nce qib ntawm follicle-stimulating hormone tsim los ntawm lub caj pas pituitary, muaj qhov txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj estrogens ntawm cov lus tawm tswv yim, uas ua rau amenorrhea thiab infertility. Kev kho mob yog nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj hormones kev sib deev (ob- thiab peb-theem qhov ncauj contraceptives), uas yog siv los kho cov theem ntawm kev sib deev hormones.
Nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones pituitary, hypogonadotropic amenorrhea tshwm sim, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nrog anorexia. Kev kho tshuaj hormone hloov yog ua los ntawm "Femoston" nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li hom. Tom qab lub voj voog rov qab los, ovulation yog txhawb nqa nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj luteinizing thiab follicle-stimulating hormones, ob qho tib si ua ke thiab sib cais (Follitrope, Pergoveris, Lutropin alfa, Pergonal).
Kev nce hauv cov txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cov qog adrenal (dehydroepiandrosterone) feem ntau ua ke nrog kev rog, ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab zes qe menyuam kab mob. Kev kho mob yuav tsum them rau tag nrho cov pathologies, nrog rau normalization ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav, ntshav qabzib thiab tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav uas twb muaj lawm ntawm zes qe menyuam. Nrog cov qib siab ntawm luteinizing hormoneNws raug nquahu kom sau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm poj niam txiv neej cov tshuaj hormones ("Diana-35").
Reviews
Lub npe tshuaj hormonal tshwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub rooj sab laj thiab portals txog poj niam txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tom qab kawm txog cov txheeb cais, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov poj niam noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hormonal, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov ntsuas ntawm cov nyiaj uas muaj cov lus pom zoo tshaj plaws:
- thawj qhov chaw hauv kev tshuaj xyuas yog nyob ntawm peb-theem tshuaj tiv thaiv "Trikvilar", uas hais txog lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog ze li sai tau rau poj niam txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones (85%).
- Txoj haujlwm thib ob yog sib koom los ntawm cov tshuaj monophasic "Logest" thiab "Mersilon", uas cuam tshuam tsawg kawg rau cov neeg mob hnyav (80%).
- Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib peb yog cov tshuaj monophasic Microgenon, uas rov qab ua haujlwm ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws zoo (78%).
- Rigevidon, uas pab tiv thaiv tus mob premenstrual (76%), yog nyob rau hauv plaub txoj hauj lwm raws li poj niam cov lus teb (76%).
- thib tsib tau mus rau Lindinet, uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qis monophasic (75.5%).
- Three-merci thiab Milvane triphasic contraceptives sib koom qhov thib rau (74%).
- Nyob rau hauv xya txoj hauj lwm yog cov tshuaj monophasic "Jess", uas yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj rau ntxuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm pob txuv (73%).
- Hauv qhov thib yim, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov poj niam muab "Diana-35" thiab "Novinet", uas tau tawm tsam nrog premenstrual syndrome, pob txuv thiab dysfunctional cycle instability (71%).
- cuaj txoj haujlwm yog monophasictshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Janine (68%).
- thib kaum tau qhia los ntawm "Yarina" thiab "Silest", suav nrog cov lus pom los ntawm cov poj niam uas tau tuav nws (66%).
Nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej noj.
