Recombinant DNA: piav qhia, yam ntxwv

Cov txheej txheem:

Recombinant DNA: piav qhia, yam ntxwv
Recombinant DNA: piav qhia, yam ntxwv

Video: Recombinant DNA: piav qhia, yam ntxwv

Video: Recombinant DNA: piav qhia, yam ntxwv
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Recombinant DNA yog cov molecules tsim los ntawm kev sim tshuaj genetic recombination cov txheej txheem los ua ke cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Nws yog qhov ua tau vim tias DNA molecules ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob muaj cov qauv tshuaj tib yam thiab sib txawv ntawm cov nucleotide ib ntus hauv nws.

Creation

Molecular cloning yog txheej txheem kuaj siv los tsim DNA recombinant. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ob txoj kev siv dav tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase saw (PCR). Nws tso cai rau koj los tswj qhov kev rov ua dua ntawm txhua qhov DNA ib ntus xaiv los ntawm tus kws sim.

Muaj ob qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem DNA rov ua dua. Ib qho yog tias molecular cloning cuam tshuam nrog kev rov ua dua hauv lub cell nyob, thaum PCR koom nrog hauv vitro. Lwm qhov sib txawv yog tias thawj txoj kev tso cai txiav thiab muab tso rau ntawm DNA ib ntus, thaum thib ob yog txhim kho los ntawm kev luam cov ntawv txiav txim uas twb muaj lawm.

Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA

Vector DNA

Tau txais cov DNA rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum muaj cov vector cloning. Nws yog muab los ntawm plasmids lossis kab mob thiab yog ib feem me me. Kev xaiv ntawm vector rau molecular cloning nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, qhov loj ntawm DNA yuav tsum tau cloned, thiab seb puas txawv teb chaws molecules yuav tsum tau qhia. Ntu tuaj yeem ua ke siv ntau txoj hauv kev xws li txwv enzyme / ligase cloning lossis Gibson sib dhos.

Cloning

Hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, cloning suav nrog xya kauj ruam.

  1. Xaiv tus tswv tsev kab mob thiab cloning vector.
  2. Tau txais DNA vector.
  3. Kev tsim ntawm cloned DNA.
  4. YCreation of recombinant DNA.
  5. Qhia nws rau hauv lub cev tus tswv.
  6. Kev xaiv cov kab mob uas muaj nws.
  7. Xaiv cov clones nrog qhov xav tau DNA ntxig thiab cov khoom lom neeg.

Tom qab hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev, cov khoom txawv teb chaws molecules uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub recombinant tsim yuav los yog yuav tsis qhia. Kev nthuav qhia yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab ntawm cov noob kom suav nrog cov kab ke uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim DNA. Nws yog siv los ntawm tus tswv lub tshuab txhais lus.

rDNA technology
rDNA technology

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Recombinant DNA ua haujlwm thaum lub cell cell nthuav tawm cov protein los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Kev nthuav qhia nyob ntawm ib puag ncig cov noob nrog cov teeb liab uas muab cov lus qhia rau nws cov ntawv sau. Lawv suav nrog kev txhawb nqa, ribosome khi thiab terminator.

Teeb meem tshwm sim yog cov noobmuaj introns los yog cov cim qhia uas ua raws li terminators rau cov kab mob tus tswv tsev. Qhov no ua rau kev txiav tawm ntxov ntxov. Cov protein recombinant yuav raug ua tsis raug, folded, los yog degraded. Nws cov khoom tsim hauv eukaryotic systems feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov poov xab thiab filamentous fungi. Kev siv cov tsiaj tawb yog qhov nyuaj vim xav tau qhov chaw txhawb zog rau ntau yam.

rDNA txoj kev
rDNA txoj kev

Khoom muaj sia

Cov kab mob uas muaj cov DNA sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov pom zoo li qub phenotypes. Lawv cov tsos, tus cwj pwm thiab cov metabolism feem ntau tsis hloov. Tib txoj hauv kev los ua kom pom qhov muaj qhov sib txuas ua ke yog los tshuaj xyuas DNA nws tus kheej siv cov tshuaj polymerase saw tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Nyob rau qee kis, DNA recombinant tuaj yeem muaj kev phom sij. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum nws cov khoom seem uas muaj cov neeg txhawb nqa nquag nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm tus tswv tsev uas ntsiag to yav dhau los.

Siv

Recombinant DNA thev naus laus zis tau siv dav hauv biotechnology, tshuaj thiab tshawb fawb. Nws cov proteins thiab lwm yam khoom tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj Western, chaw kho tsiaj, chaw kho mob, chaw kho mob lossis chaw kuaj mob lom.

Daim ntawv thov feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv paus, qhov chaw siv tshuab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau txoj haujlwm niaj hnub no hauv kev tshawb fawb txog roj ntsha thiab biomedical. Recombinant DNA yog siv los txheeb xyuas, daim ntawv qhia thiab cov noob caj noob ces, thiab txiav txim rau lawvmuaj nuj nqi. rDNA sojntsuam yog siv los tshuaj xyuas cov noob qhia hauv ib lub hlwb thiab hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Recombinant proteins yog siv los ua cov tshuaj reagents hauv kev sim kuaj. Qee qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb tau muab hauv qab no.

Tau txais rDNA
Tau txais rDNA

Recombinant chymosin

Pom nyob rau hauv abomasum, chymosin yog ib qho enzyme xav tau los ua cheese. Nws yog thawj genetic hloov khoom noj additive siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Lub microbiologically ua recombinant enzyme structurally zoo tib yam rau ib tug calf-derived enzyme yog pheej yig dua thiab ua nyob rau hauv ntau ntau.

Nyob rau tib neeg cov tshuaj insulin

Hloov cov tshuaj insulin muab los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu (xws li npua thiab nyuj) rau kev kho mob ntshav qab zib insulin-dependent. Recombinant insulin yog tsim los ntawm kev qhia tib neeg cov tshuaj insulin rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm genus Eterihia lossis poov xab.

rDNA molecules
rDNA molecules

YGrowth Hormone

Tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas lub qog pituitary tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones txaus los txhawb kev loj hlob ib txwm. Ua ntej recombinant kev loj hlob hormone los ua muaj, nws tau los ntawm pituitary caj pas ntawm cadavers. Qhov kev coj tsis zoo no tau coj qee tus neeg mob los tsim tus kab mob Creutzfeldt-Jakob.

Recombinant coagulation factor

Nov yog cov ntshav txhaws cov protein uas tau muab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj cov kab mob hemophilia uas muaj los ntshav. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tsim taufactor VIII nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis txaus. Ua ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm recombinant factor VIII, cov protein tau tsim los ntawm kev ua cov ntshav ntau ntawm tib neeg los ntawm ntau tus neeg pub dawb. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis kab mob ntau heev.

Kev kuaj mob HIV

Txhua ntawm peb txoj kev siv dav los kuaj xyuas tus kab mob HIV tau tsim los siv DNA rov ua dua. Kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siv nws cov protein. Nws kuaj pom muaj cov kab mob HIV uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab los ntawm polymerase saw. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev sim tau ua tau los ntawm molecular cloning thiab sequencing ntawm HIV genomes.

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