Fracture ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab: kev kho mob, lub sijhawm kho thiab kho dua tshiab

Cov txheej txheem:

Fracture ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab: kev kho mob, lub sijhawm kho thiab kho dua tshiab
Fracture ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab: kev kho mob, lub sijhawm kho thiab kho dua tshiab

Video: Fracture ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab: kev kho mob, lub sijhawm kho thiab kho dua tshiab

Video: Fracture ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab: kev kho mob, lub sijhawm kho thiab kho dua tshiab
Video: Leng Yang - Yog Vim Dab Tsi (Official Full Song | Nkauj Tawm Tshiab) 2020/05/24 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm cov kws kho mob hauv kev phais thiab kev puas tsuaj, pob txha ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm tes yog hom pob txha feem ntau. Qhov no pathology suav txog li 45 feem pua ntawm cov naj npawb tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov pob txha. Tus lej no tau piav qhia tsis yog los ntawm lub cev ntawm lub cev, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov raug mob. Feem ntau, thaum ib tug neeg ntog, nws tsis yeem tso nws txhais tes rau pem hauv ntej.

Anatomically, lub vojvoog yog txhawb los ntawm ntau ligaments, tab sis tsis muaj zog. Qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke no kuj nce ntxiv vim muaj hnub nyoog hloov pauv, yog li muaj ntau tus neeg laus laus ntawm tag nrho cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no.

Lub vojvoog ua ke ua ke nrog ulna ob lub pob qij txha: lub dab teg thiab lub ulna. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm forearm. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ntawm traumatologists muaj fractures ntawm lub nqaj nyob rau hauv ib tug raug qhov chaw. Qhov no yog qhov kws tshaj lij hu ua kev puas tsuaj rau thaj chaw ze tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

Ua rau pob txha

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev raug mob no nce zuj zus nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Ice thiab melted daus ua rau tib neeg poob. Thaum lub sij hawm tsaws, ib tug neeg muab nws txhais tes rau pem hauv ntej, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsiab tshuab poob rau lawv.

Kev ua kis las tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li kev caij ski, skating, caij tsheb kauj vab, rollerblading, thiab lwm yam.

Ambulance paramedics kho ntau qhov tawg ntawm lub vojvoog hauv tsheb sib tsoo: tib neeg ntawm kev cuam tshuam sim nrhiav kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ncab lawv txhais caj npab rau pem hauv ntej.

Nrog lub hnub nyoog, cov pob txha cov pob txha yuav thinner, vim li ntawd, cov neeg laus muaj kev pheej hmoo rau pob txha pob txha.

hom pob txha hloov tom qab raug mob

renegen snapshot
renegen snapshot

Kev tawg tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg tseem ceeb, uas kuj muaj lawv tus kheej pawg.

  1. Txhob ntsai ntawm caj npab yam tsis muaj kev txav chaw.
  2. Txoj kab uas hla nrog kev hloov pauv.

hom thib ob yog faib nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tawg (ib pob txha tawg).

  • Colles fracture (Flection type). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub fragment yog tsiv los ze zog mus rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub forearm. Cov kev xaiv no muaj peev xwm ua tau tom qab so nrog qhib xibtes rau hauv av thaum tsaws.
  • Smith pob txha (extension type). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub fragment txav los ze zog mus rau sab ntawm xibtes. Cov kev xaiv no muaj peev xwm ua tau tom qab raug rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub dab teg.

Raws li thaj chaw uas tau raug mob, cov pob txha hauv qab no txawv.

  1. Hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub taub hau lossis caj dab ntawm cov pob txha. Nov yog hom kev raug mob ib txwm muaj thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg tshwm sim ntawm caj npab tawm ntawm koj xub ntiag.
  2. Nyob rau hauv lub caj dab,qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub vojvoog lossis ulna. Qhov kev kuaj mob no feem ntau yog tom qab lub tshuab ncaj qha lossis poob.
  3. Hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov txheej txheem styloid (nyob ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm lub caj dab thiab lub vojvoog). Cov kev raug mob zoo li no tshwm sim thaum ntog ntawm caj npab tawm ntawm koj xub ntiag. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, lub dab teg raug thawb thawj zaug sab nraud thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab. Yog li ntawd, cov pob txha puas lawm thiab yuav tsum tau immobilization nrog plaster splint rau 5 lub lis piam. Thaum cov txheej txheem styloid hloov chaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum "rov pib dua" cov pob txha tawg. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua repositioning. Lub hom phiaj ntawm nws qhov kev siv yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov pob qij txha uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo.

Kev faib kev puas tsuaj

Vim muaj ntau yam, kev raug mob ntawm hom no tau muab faib ua pawg.

Thawj qhov thaiv suav nrog:

  • qhib hom - pob txha nrog kev puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij (qee zaum, cov pob txha tawg protrude nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw);
  • hom kaw - tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij (hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, thaj chaw puas raug txiav txim los ntawm x-ray thiab cov tsos mob hauv zos: o thiab mob thaum kov).

Qhov thib ob yog ntxiv:

  • tawg yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tawg (hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, pob txha tawg yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha, thiab kev raug mob ntawm hom no yog qhov nquag thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv uas tsis yog kho);
  • tawg ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab nrog kev hloov pauv (qhov no pathology yog ib qho kev raug mob nyuaj thiab tom qab rov ua dua, qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rov qab yog siab).

Rau qhov thib pebxa mus rau:

  • cov pob txha pob txha (vim qhov kev puas tsuaj, thaj tsam ntawm lub dab teg thiab caj dab tau npog);
  • extra-articular fractures.

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev raug mob pathological

mob ntawm qhov chaw tawg
mob ntawm qhov chaw tawg

Qee zaum qhov tawg ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm tes yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas raws li cov tsos mob tsis ncaj, vim tsis muaj cov cim qhia meej.

Kev tsis txaus siab yuav tshwm sim:

  • ntse mob hauv dab teg;
  • kev mob nkeeg, xeev siab, tsis muaj zog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab txawm tias tsis nco qab;
  • nyuaj lossis ua tiav kev txav ntawm tes, ntiv tes - vim mob hnyav;
  • hematoma tsim, o ntawm caj npab thiab txhais tes: cov tsos mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm hemorrhage hauv cov leeg;
  • ncig thaum sim txav lub dab teg.

Thaum nyuaj, kev raug mob ntawm dab teg tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau los ntawm qhov pom ntawm pob txha deformation. Cov tsos mob zoo li no nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov distal metaepiphysis. Lub deformation tuaj yeem yog bayonet-puab lossis nkhaus-puab.

Fracture yuav tsum xav tias muaj ntau dua ib tus tsos mob. Qhov tseem ceeb yog mob thiab o. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob lossis kws phais mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tawg ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab, kho tam sim ntawd.

Kev pab thawj zaug rau qhov tawg ntawm lub vojvoog

tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam
tawg nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ua tom qab raug mob yog tsim kom so tes. Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog ib qho homemadesplint, uas yog siv los ntawm lub luj tshib mus rau lub forearm. Txhawm rau txo qhov mob, koj tuaj yeem kho tus txhuam hniav. Txhua yam khoom siv tiaj tiaj siv tau los ua lub log tsheb: ib daim ntawm plywood, boards, cardboard, thiab lwm yam.

Ua ntej kuaj tus kws kho mob, txhais tes yuav tsum tuav ntawm qib ntawm txoj siv sia lossis tsa sawv - qhov no yuav txo qhov o thiab mob. Txias yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov chaw raug mob los ntawm cov ntaub: dej khov, lub raj mis dej thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws.

Diagnosis

Kev kuaj pom tseeb ntawm qhov tawg ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm tes tshwm sim tom qab kuaj X-ray. Daim duab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov muaj kev puas tsuaj, nws hom thiab hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab kuaj xyuas, tus kws kho mob qhia txog lub sijhawm kwv yees ntawm kev hnav plaster immobilization.

Hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj, yuav tsum tau kuaj MRI lossis CT ntxiv. Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua tiav txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov xwm txheej thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev raug mob cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau qhov raug mob

Lub sijhawm kho mob rau pob txha ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab yog nyob ntawm txoj kev. Ntawm lawv yog:

  • ncig;
  • kev cuam tshuam kev phais.

Txoj Kev Tiv Thaiv

gypsum variants
gypsum variants

hom kev pab no muaj nyob rau hauv kho cov caj npab raug mob nrog plaster splint. Txoj kev txuag yog siv rau kev tawg ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Gypsum tuaj yeem yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheem lossis polymer. Qhov thib ob hom ntaub qhwv yog kim, tab sis nws tuaj yeem raug dej.

Tom qab siv lub plaster splint, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob ob peb zaug hauv ib lub lis piam raukev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv. Tus kws kho mob traumatologist yuav saib xyuas qhov mob ntawm daim ntaub qhwv thiab caj npab. Tom qab edema txo qis (kwv yees li 7-12 hnub tom qab raug mob), kev kuaj X-ray thib ob tau ua. Qhov kev kuaj mob no tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm cov pob txha thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab ntau dua lub sijhawm hnav cov khoom kho.

txoj kev phais

Kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw tawg ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm tes yog ua phais. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muaj ntau qhov kev sib tham thiab kev raug mob hauv cov leeg. Traumatologists, nyob rau hauv lub zos los yog conduction tshuaj loog, scrupulously restore cov pob txha, reposition lub fragments.

Hauv tshuaj, muab faib ua 2 pawg.

  1. Kawm. Txoj kev no yog suav hais tias yog kev saib xyuas ntau dua, vim tias qhov txo qis ntawm cov seem tsis tas yuav tsum tau phais thiab ua tiav manually los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv zos tshuaj loog. Ua qhov tsim nyog txav, traumatologists teem cov pob txha nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm raug. Qhov no manipulation yuav tsum muaj siab concentration thiab precision. Kev xa rov qab ntawm lub vojvoog rau nws txoj haujlwm anatomical yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev, kev siv tsis raug uas ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.
  2. Qhib. Qhov no manipulation yog ua surgically nyob rau hauv conduction tshuaj loog. Traumatologists ua ib qho kev txiav hla qhov chaw puas kom tau txais kev nkag ncaj qha mus rau qhov tawg. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txheej txheem yog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev hloov pauv thiab txhim kho qhov tawg ntawm txoj haujlwm kom raug siv qee qhov tsim. Qhov kev txiav txim no hu ua osteosynthesis. Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, o thiab mob ntawm qhov chaw puas raug txo,txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob tom qab tawg ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab.
pob txha pob txha
pob txha pob txha

Osteosynthesis Methods

Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov raug mob, lub sijhawm dhau mus txij li qhov raug mob thiab qhov kev hloov pauv, cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntau txoj hauv kev osteosynthesis.

  1. Siv knitting koob.
  2. Nrog cov phaj sib tshooj. Txoj kev no haum rau thaj tsam dab teg.
  3. Nrog kev pab ntawm Ilizarov apparatus (distraction apparatus). Txoj kev no yog siv rau ntau qhov me me thiab tawg pob txha hnyav.

Tom qab muab kev pab thiab siv lub plaster splint, qee cov neeg mob tau mob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm pob txha ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm tes. Lub sij hawm ntawm fusion yog nyob ntawm qhov kev ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo, qhov hnyav ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob. Feem ntau thawj zaug qhov sib koom swells. Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tuav caj npab kom siab thiab noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

ntsuas kev kho kom rov zoo

qhov chaw tawg
qhov chaw tawg

Kev kho mob ntawm pob txha ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm tes thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke tom qab tshem tawm cov cam khwb cia yog nyob ntawm kev ua raws li kev ntsuas kev kho kom rov zoo. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub luj tshib thiab dab teg. Yog tias kev kho kom rov zoo li qub tau ua tsis raug, tsis quav ntsej cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom, txhais tes yuav poob nws lub peev xwm tag nrho.

Txhua qhov kev raug mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tus kheej ntawm kev tawm dag zog thiab kev ua ub no. Feem ntau, nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm caj npab, physiotherapy yog muab,kho mob ce thiab zaws ntawm qhov chaw puas.

Cov teeb meem thiab qhov tshwm sim tau

Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm tes, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsos mob uas tau tshwm sim. Yog tias muaj mob, o ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam, pob txha crepitus thiab kev txav tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev puas tsuaj thiab sab laj nrog kws kho mob rau kev kuaj mob. Thaum tsis muaj cov lus teb raws sijhawm, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem ua tiav. Thiab ib txhia ntawm lawv ua rau kev tsis taus.

Cov teeb meem ntawm lub vojvoog tawg muaj xws li hauv qab no.

  • Rupture ntawm paj hlwb. Cov ntsiab lus hauv tib neeg lub cev yog lub luag haujlwm rau rhiab heev (kub, txias, hnov ntawm cov khoom) thiab txav.
  • Tendon raug mob. Lawv ua flexion thiab ncua kev txav mus los, ib qho kev nkag siab zoo.
  • Muscle kua muag. Tom qab xws li kev puas tsuaj, kev cog lus thiab luv luv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm limb tuaj yeem tsim.
  • Nrog qhib pob txha, kis tau ntawm lub qhov txhab tuaj yeem ua tau, uas tom qab ntawd ua rau osteomyelitis.
  • Hloov lub ntsej muag ntawm txhuam (yog tias cov pob txha tsis raug fusion).
tes deformity
tes deformity

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob raws sijhawm txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kev puas tsuaj.

Pom zoo: