Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, thaum ua qee yam kev kuaj mob, cov kws kho mob feem ntau pom zoo kom peb mus kuaj ntshav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab tso cai rau koj los soj ntsuam cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm peb lub cev hauv ib qho kab mob. Muaj ntau qhov ntsuas hauv nws, ib qho ntawm lawv yog qhov ntim ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Coob leej ntawm koj tej zaum yeej tsis xav txog nws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv vain. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua yam yog xav tawm los ntawm xwm mus rau qhov nthuav dav me tshaj plaws. Tib yam muaj tseeb rau erythrocytes. Cia peb saib ntxiv.
Cov qe ntshav liab yog dab tsi?
cov qe ntshav liab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab cov pa oxygen uas tuaj thaum ua pa rau tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev ntawm peb lub cev. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide tsim nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj tshem tawm ntawm lub cev, thiab ntawm no erythrocyte yog lub ntsiab pab. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov qe ntshav no kuj txhawb peb lub cev nrog cov as-ham. Cov qe ntshav liab muaj cov xim liab paub zoo hu ua hemoglobin. Nws yog nws leej twg tuaj yeem khi cov pa oxygen hauv lub ntsws kom nws yooj yim dua tshem tawm, thiab tso tawm hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Tau kawg, zoo li txhua yamLwm qhov taw qhia hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov qe ntshav liab yuav txo qis lossis nce ntxiv. Thiab muaj laj thawj rau qhov no:
- qhov nce ntawm cov qe ntshav hauv cov ntshav qhia tias lub cev qhuav dej hnyav lossis mob leukemia (erythremia);
- qhov txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas no yuav qhia tias muaj ntshav qab zib (qhov no tsis yog kab mob, tab sis cov ntshav zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov kab mob ntau);
- los ntawm txoj kev, oddly txaus, cov qe ntshav liab feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov zis ntawm cov neeg mob uas yws txog cov teeb meem nrog rau cov zis (lub zais zis, ob lub raum, thiab lwm yam).
Qhov tseeb nthuav heev: qhov loj ntawm erythrocyte qee zaum hloov pauv loj, qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov elasticity ntawm cov hlwb. Piv txwv li, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub capillary uas cov qe ntshav liab tuaj yeem dhau 8 µm tsuas yog 2-3 µm.
RBC muaj nuj nqi
Nws yuav zoo li cov qe ntshav liab me me tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv tib neeg lub cev loj. Tab sis qhov loj ntawm erythrocyte tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov cell ua haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- Tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm co toxins: khi lawv rau kev tshem tawm tom qab. Qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj cov tshuaj protein nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
- Hloov cov enzymes, hu ua cov protein catalysts tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, mus rau cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
- Vim lawv, ib tug neeg ua pa. Qhov no yog vim cov ntsiab lus hauv erythrocytehemoglobin (nws muaj peev xwm txuas thiab muab cov pa oxygen, nrog rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide)
- Erythrocytes txhawb lub cev nrog cov amino acids, uas lawv yooj yim thauj los ntawm lub plab zom mov mus rau cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
RBC tsim site
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov twg cov qe ntshav liab tsim kom muaj teeb meem nrog lawv cov concentration hauv cov ntshav, kom muaj peev xwm ua tau raws sijhawm. Cov txheej txheem ua rau lawv nyuaj.
Qhov chaw tsim cov qe ntshav liab yog cov pob txha, txha nraub qaum thiab tav. Cia peb xav txog qhov nthuav dav thawj ntawm lawv: ua ntej, cov ntaub so ntswg hauv hlwb loj hlob vim yog kev faib tawm ntawm tes. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm cov hlwb uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim tag nrho tib neeg cov hlab ntsha, ib lub cev liab loj yog tsim, uas muaj cov nucleus thiab hemoglobin. Nws ncaj qha ua tus precursor ntawm cov ntshav liab (reticulocyte), uas nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, transforms mus rau hauv ib tug erythrocyte nyob rau hauv 2-3 teev.
qauv ntawm cov qe ntshav liab
Vim tias muaj ntau ntawm hemoglobin hauv erythrocytes, qhov no ua rau lawv cov xim liab ci. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub cell muaj ib tug biconcave zoo li. Cov qauv ntawm erythrocytes ntawm cov hlwb tsis paub qab hau muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub nucleus, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lub cev tsim thaum kawg. Lub cheeb ntawm erythrocytes yog 7-8 microns, thiab lub thickness yog tsawg - 2-2.5 microns. Qhov tseeb tias cov qe ntshav liab paub tab tsis muaj cov nucleus tso cai rau oxygen nkag mus rau lawv sai dua. Tag nrho cov qe ntshav liab hauv tib neeg cov ntshav yog siab heev. Yog hais tias lawv muab tais rau hauv ib kab, ces nws qhov ntev yuav yogtxog 150 txhiab km. Ntau cov ntsiab lus yog siv rau erythrocytes uas qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov loj, xim thiab lwm yam ntxwv:
- normocytosis - qhov nruab nrab qhov loj me;
- microcytosis - me dua li qhov loj;
- macrocytosis - loj dua li qhov loj;
- anitocytosis - thaum lub xov tooj ntawm tes sib txawv heev, piv txwv li qee qhov lawv loj dhau, lwm tus me dhau;
- hypochromia - thaum tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab tsawg dua li qub;
- poikilocytosis - cov duab ntawm cov hlwb hloov pauv, qee qhov ntawm lawv yog oval, lwm tus yog mob-zoo li tus;
- normochromia - tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov hlwb yog qhov qub, yog li lawv muaj xim kom raug.
Yuav ua li cas tus erythrocyte nyob
Los ntawm cov saum toj no, peb twb pom tias qhov chaw tsim cov qe ntshav liab yog cov pob txha pob txha ntawm pob txha taub hau, tav thiab qaum. Tab sis, ib zaug hauv cov ntshav, cov cell nyob ntawd ntev npaum li cas? Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub neej ntawm erythrocyte yog luv heev - qhov nruab nrab ntawm 120 hnub (4 lub hlis). Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, nws pib muaj hnub nyoog rau ob qho laj thawj. Qhov no yog cov metabolism (kev puas tsuaj) ntawm cov piam thaj thiab nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm fatty acids hauv nws. Lub erythrocyte pib poob lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm daim nyias nyias, vim qhov no, ntau qhov kev loj hlob tshwm sim ntawm nws. Feem ntau, cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis hauv qee lub cev (lub siab, tus po, pob txha pob txha). Cov tshuaj uas tsim los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov qe ntshav liab tau yooj yim tawm ntawm tib neeg lub cev nrog cov zis thiab quav.
RBC suav: kev sim txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lawv qib
BRaws li txoj cai, tsuas muaj ob hom kev kuaj hauv cov tshuaj uas kuaj pom cov ntshav liab: kuaj ntshav thiab zis.
Qhov kawg ntawm lawv tsis tshua pom muaj cov qe ntshav liab, thiab feem ntau qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb ntawm qee yam kab mob. Tab sis tib neeg cov ntshav ib txwm muaj cov qe ntshav liab, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov qauv ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Kev faib tawm ntawm erythrocytes nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo kiag li yog txawm, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus yog heev. Ntawd yog, yog tias nws muaj sijhawm los suav tag nrho lawv tus lej, nws yuav tau txais daim duab loj loj uas tsis muaj ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev soj ntsuam kuaj, nws yog ib txwm siv raws li nram no: suav cov qe ntshav liab nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntim (1 cubic millimeter ntawm cov ntshav). Los ntawm txoj kev, tus nqi no yuav tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas cov qib ntawm cov qe ntshav liab kom raug thiab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm lossis teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg mob, nws poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau nws.
Ntaus ntawm erythrocytes hauv cov ntshav
Tus neeg noj qab nyob zoo tsis tshua muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas no thoob plaws lub neej.
Yog li, muaj cov qauv hauv qab no rau cov menyuam yaus:
- thawj 24 teev ntawm tus menyuam lub neej - 4, 3-7, 6 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav;
- ib hlis ntawm lub neej - 3.8-5.6 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav;
- thawj 6 lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam lub neej - 3.5-4.8 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav;
- thaum 1 xyoo ntawm lub neej - 3.6-4.9 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav;
- 1 xyoo - 12 xyoos - 3.5-4.7 lab / 1 cubic meter mm ntshav;
- tom qab 13 xyoos - 3.6-5.1 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav.
Ntau cov qe ntshav liab hauv tus menyuam cov ntshav yog yooj yim piav qhia. Thaum nws nyob hauv nws niam lub tsev menyuam, kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab mus rau hauv txoj kev nrawm, vim tias tsuas yog hauv txoj kev no yuav tag nrho nws cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem tau txais cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Thaum tus menyuam yug los, cov qe ntshav liab pib tawg zuj zus, thiab lawv cov concentration hauv cov ntshav txo qis (yog tias cov txheej txheem no nrawm dhau, tus menyuam yuav mob daj ntseg).
Cov qauv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov ntshav rau cov neeg laus:
- txiv neej: 4.5-5.5 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav.
- Women: 3.7-4.7m / 1cc mm ntshav.
- Cov neeg laus: tsawg dua 4 lab / 1 cu. mm ntshav.
Tau kawg, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv yuav yog vim qee qhov teeb meem hauv tib neeg lub cev, tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev sab laj tshwj xeeb ntawm no.
Erythrocytes hauv cov zis - qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim?
Yog, cov lus teb ntawm cov kws kho mob yog qhov zoo. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, qhov no yuav tshwm sim vim hais tias tus neeg nqa ib tug hnyav load los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug upright txoj hauj lwm rau lub sij hawm ntev. Tab sis feem ntau qhov nce siab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov zis qhia tias muaj teeb meem thiab xav tau cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Nco ntsoov qee qhov kev cai hauv cov khoom no:
- tus nqi ib txwm yuav tsum yog 0-2pcs. hauv pom;
- thaum kuaj zis tau ua raws li txoj kev Nechiporenko, tuaj yeem muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab erythrocytes nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom ntawm tus neeg pab kuaj;
Doctor atYog tias tus neeg mob tau kuaj cov zis, nws yuav nrhiav qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb rau qhov pom ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv nws, tso cai rau cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:
- yog tias peb tham txog menyuam yaus, ces suav nrog pyelonephritis, cystitis, glomerulonephritis;
- urethritis (qhov no suav nrog kev muaj lwm yam tsos mob: mob hauv plab plab, mob tso zis, ua npaws);
- Urolithiasis: tus neeg mob ib txhij yws ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov zis thiab tawm tsam ntawm lub raum colic;
- glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis (mob nraub qaum thiab ua npaws);
- raum mob raum;
- Yprostate adenoma.
Hloov cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov ntshav: ua rau
Cov qauv ntawm erythrocytes qhia tias muaj ntau ntawm hemoglobin hauv lawv, uas txhais tau hais tias yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem xa oxygen thiab tshem tawm carbon dioxide.
Yog li ntawd, kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, qhia txog cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov ntshav, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Kev nce qib ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv tib neeg cov ntshav (erythrocytosis) feem ntau tsis pom thiab tej zaum yuav yog vim qee yam yooj yim: kev ntxhov siab, kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau, lub cev qhuav dej, lossis nyob hauv thaj chaw roob. Tab sis yog tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov kab mob hauv qab no uas ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov ntsuas no:
- teeb meem ntshav, suav nrog erythremia. Feem ntau ib tug neeg muaj xim liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm caj dab, ntsej muag.
- Kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub ntsws thiab cov hlab plawv.
Txo cov qe ntshav liab, hu ua erythropenia hauv tshuaj, kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog anemia, los yog anemia. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov pob txha. Thaum ib tus neeg poob qee cov ntshav lossis cov qe ntshav liab tawg sai heev hauv nws cov ntshav, qhov xwm txheej no kuj tshwm sim. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau kuaj cov neeg mob uas tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus anemia. Hlau tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv qhov ntau txaus rau tib neeg lub cev lossis nws yuav tsis nqus tau zoo. Feem ntau, txhawm rau kho qhov teeb meem no, cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tau sau cov tshuaj vitamin B12 thiab folic acid nrog rau cov tshuaj muaj hlau rau cov neeg mob.
ESR qhov taw qhia: nws txhais li cas
Ntau tus kws kho mob, tau txais ib tus neeg mob uas yws tias mob khaub thuas (uas tsis tau ploj mus ntev), muab tshuaj kuaj ntshav rau nws.
Nyob rau hauv nws, feem ntau ntawm kab kawg koj yuav pom qhov nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntshav erythrocytes, qhia txog lawv cov sedimentation tus nqi (ESR). Yuav ua li cas txoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv chav kuaj? Ib qho yooj yim heev: tus neeg mob cov ntshav muab tso rau hauv ib lub khob iav nyias thiab sab laug rau ib pliag. Erythrocytes yuav muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv qab, tawm hauv lub pob tshab plasma nyob rau hauv lub Upper txheej ntawm cov ntshav. Chav ntsuas ntawm erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi yog mm / teev. Qhov ntsuas no yuav txawv nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog, piv txwv li:
- me nyuam: 1 hlimenyuam mos - 4-8 mm / teev; 6 hli - 4-10 mm / teev; 1 xyoos-12 xyoos - 4-12 hli / teev;
- txiv neej: 1-10mm / teev;
- poj niam: 2-15mm / teev; Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub - 45 mm / teev.
Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tau li cas? Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws kho mob tau pib them nyiaj tsawg thiab tsis tshua xav txog nws. Nws ntseeg tau tias muaj ntau qhov yuam kev hauv nws, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, piv txwv li, hauv cov menyuam yaus, nrog lub xeev zoo siab (qav, quaj) thaum kuaj ntshav. Tab sis feem ntau, qhov nce erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv koj lub cev (hais, bronchitis, mob ntsws, lwm yam kab mob khaub thuas lossis kis kab mob). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce hauv ESR raug pom thaum cev xeeb tub, ua poj niam cev xeeb tub, mob pathologies lossis kab mob uas tus neeg muaj, nrog rau kev raug mob, mob stroke, plawv nres, thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, qhov txo qis hauv ESR tau pom tsawg dua thiab twb tau qhia tias muaj teeb meem loj dua: cov no yog leukemia, kab mob siab, hyperbilirubinemia thiab lwm yam.
Raws li peb pom, qhov chaw uas cov qe ntshav liab tsim yog cov pob txha pob txha, tav thiab qaum. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov ntshav, koj yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov saib xyuas ntawm lawv thawj zaug. Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum to taub kom meej tias tag nrho cov ntsuas hauv qhov kev xeem uas peb dhau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub cev, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob ua rau lawv tsis saib xyuas. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj tau dhau qhov kev kawm no, thov hu rau tus kws tshaj lij los txiav txim siab nws. Qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov qauv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawdpoob siab. Tsuas yog ua raws li, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
