Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted: qhov no txhais li cas?

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted: qhov no txhais li cas?
Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted: qhov no txhais li cas?

Video: Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted: qhov no txhais li cas?

Video: Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted: qhov no txhais li cas?
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Root compaction yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob x-ray ntau tshaj plaws uas tus kws kho hluav taws xob txiav txim siab ntawm lub hauv siab xoo hluav taws xob. Nws txhais li cas: "cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted"? Cov kab mob dab tsi thiab cov kab mob pathological tau muab zais hauv kab lus no?

tsob ntoo ntsws
tsob ntoo ntsws

Lung cag: yog dab tsi?

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov qauv nyob rau ntawm lub ntsws ntawm lub ntsws. Cov no muaj xws li cov hlab ntsha pulmonary, hlab ntsha, lub ntsiab bronchus, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha, lymphatic hlab ntsha, pleura, fatty ntaub so ntswg. Tag nrho cov qauv no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim nruj, txawm li cas los xij, ib feem ntawm lawv ntawm sab laug tsis pom ntawm lub xov tooj cua, nkaum hauv qab tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub siab.

Ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob thiab fluorography, raws li lub tswv yim zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws, lawv txhais tau tias tsuas yog cov hlab ntsha loj (artery, leeg) thiab bronchus.

yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsws hauv paus

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov tsos mob xws li kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws ntawm x-ray, koj yuav tsum xub paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv no hauv cov qauv.

Lub hauv paus ntawm ob sab xis thiab sab laug ntsws muajpeb ntu: lub taub hau, lub cev thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm tus Tsov tus tw suav nrog qhov kawg me me ramifications ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Hauv xov tooj cua, qhov dav ntawm cov qauv no kuj tau txiav txim siab. Nws feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov dav ntawm txoj cai hauv paus thiab suav nrog cov hlab ntsha thiab nruab nrab bronchus. Feem ntau, nws qhov dav yog 1.5-2 cm.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog nyob ntau dua, thiab cov leeg - kab rov tav. Qee lub sij hawm lawv cov qauv tuaj yeem ua ntau yam vim qhov tseeb tias huab cua hauv bronchi pom nyob rau qee qhov chaw.

Qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws

Qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug lub ntsws txawv me ntsis. Yog li, lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws txoj cai feem ntau sib haum mus rau theem II tav thiab intercostal qhov chaw thiab muaj cov duab ntawm arc, nkhaus downwards. Pib dav ntawm sab saum toj, lub hauv paus narrows rau hauv qab. Lub hauv paus sab laug, tig mus, sib raug rau qib ntawm 1st tav thiab intercostal qhov chaw, uas yog, nws nyob rau sab xis.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws

Yuav tsum to taub tias cov cag sab laug tsis pom zoo rau ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob, vim tias nws tau npog los ntawm lub plawv, yog li qee zaum nws nyuaj rau pom thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws sab laug yog compacted.

Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws sab laug feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, txij li nws muaj cov hlab ntsha nkaus xwb, txiav rau hauv cov ceg me thiab cuam tshuam nrog sab laug bronchus. Thaum lub hauv paus txoj cai muaj ntau homogeneous qauv.

Tus kws kho mob ntsuas qhov x-ray
Tus kws kho mob ntsuas qhov x-ray

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauv paus compaction

Muaj ntau yam kab mob sib txawv thiab cov tsos mob uasua rau lub fact tias cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb suav nrog:

  1. Kab mob ntsws obstructive pulmonary (chronic obstructive bronchitis).
  2. o cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm mediastinum (paratracheal, parabronchial) nrog kev loj hlob ntawm petrificates (cov nyiaj tso ntawm calcium ntsev) hauv lawv.
  3. Kev nthuav dav thiab tawm ntawm phab ntsa hlab ntsha lossis hlab ntsha tawg.
  4. Hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm bronchus raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem qog.
  5. Pulmonary edema (kua dej ntws mus rau hauv lub ntsws parenchyma).
  6. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nrog kev loj hlob ntawm fibrosis, uas tshwm sim tom qab lub sij hawm ntev inflammatory pulmonary kab mob, kev raug mob ntawm lub ntsws, kev phais ntawm lub cev ntawm lub hauv siab kab noj hniav.
  7. Tuberculosis ntawm bronchi (tuberculous bronchoadenitis), tuberculosis ntawm intrathoracic lymph nodes, thawj tuberculosis complex. Ob daim ntawv kawg yog hais txog tus kab mob TB, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus preschool.
  8. kab mob ua haujlwm (asbestosis, metalloconiosis).
Schematic sawv cev ntawm bronchi thiab ntsws parenchyma
Schematic sawv cev ntawm bronchi thiab ntsws parenchyma

Kab mob obstructive pulmonary

Cov kab mob no yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj feem ntau yog vim li cas cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted thiab nthuav. Raws li txoj cai, cov txheej txheem no yog ob sab - nws cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si sab laug thiab sab xis. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb ntev thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov lub sij hawm ntawm exacerbation nrog rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev zam txim.

Chaw kho mob lojmanifestations yog hnoos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam tus neeg mob thaum sawv ntxov - nrog viscous, tej zaum purulent hnoos qeev. Nrog rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm tus kab mob, ua pa luv tshwm sim, uas yog thawj zaug sau tseg thaum lub cev tawm dag zog, thiab tom qab ntawd so.

Ntxiv rau kev noj lub hauv siab dawb x-ray, uas yog qhov tseeb tias cov hauv paus hniav tau compacted thiab nruj hauv lub ntsws, cov kab mob hnoos qeev kuj tau ua los txiav txim seb tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob (virus lossis kab mob.).

Etiotropic therapy, uas yog, kho qhov ua rau, nyob ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau exacerbation. Yog tias qhov ua rau yog kab mob, ces noj tshuaj tua kab mob yuav zoo, yog tias tus kab mob no noj tshuaj tua kab mob.

Symptomatic therapy suav nrog kev noj cov tshuaj mucolytics, tshuaj ua kom hnoos qeev, thiab expectorants kom yooj yim tso tawm. Lawv kuj noj tshuaj uas ua rau lub bronchi - adrenergic receptor agonists, corticosteroids.

Mob ntsws cancer
Mob ntsws cancer

Cancer

Ib qho txaus ntshai, tab sis, hmoov zoo, tsis tshua muaj laj thawj vim li cas cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted thiab nthuav dav yog cov txheej txheem oncological nyob rau hauv bronchi thiab mediastinal kab mob. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no feem ntau yog unilateral, yog li qhov kev hloov hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws tsuas yog pom ntawm ib sab xwb.

Oncology qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntev ntev nrog kev ua kom tsis zoo ntawm tus neeg mob. hnoos me ntsis, ua pa hnyav yog hloov los ntawm qhov mob tom qab lub sternum ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov projection ntawm cov qog ntawm lub hauv siab phab ntsa (nrog compression ntawm cov hlab ntsha),hemoptysis, ua tsis taus pa hnyav heev. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm pulmonary system, tag nrho lub cev raug kev txom nyem. Tus neeg mob poob phaus, emaciated, qaug zog thiab qaug zog tshwm sim.

Tom qab ua qhov kev soj ntsuam hluav taws xob ntawm lub hauv siab kab noj hniav hauv ob qhov kev kwv yees, tus kws kho hluav taws xob xaus lus: "Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted thiab unstructured." Tom ntej no, tus kws kho mob tuaj koom teeb meem xa mus rau kev kuaj ntshav ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg x-ray tsim, uas yuav txiav txim siab tsis yog hom qog nqaij hlav (benign lossis malignant), tab sis kuj nws cov qauv histological (los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas tau tsim).

Kev kho mob nyob ntawm ob theem ntawm cov txheej txheem qog thiab ntawm nws hom. Txoj kev kho tseem ceeb: phais, hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj khomob. Tsuas yog ib qho kev phais mob yog siv rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob qog, tom qab theem nws tau ua ke nrog lwm txoj kev kho.

X-ray rau asbestosis
X-ray rau asbestosis

kab mob ua haujlwm

Cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li miners, hlau welders, tsim, uas yog, cov neeg uas niaj hnub cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem ib puag ncig, feem ntau raug rau cov kab mob ua haujlwm. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub radiograph, cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv lub ntsws yog fibrously compacted thiab hnyav. Daim duab no txhim kho vim qhov sib txuam hauv bronchi thiab alveoli ntawm cov teeb meem tsis zoo uas nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha. Raws li txoj cai, lub hauv paus lesion tsis yog cais, tab sis yog ua ke nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm focal ntxoov ntxoo thiab heterogeneity ntawm lub ntsws parenchyma.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob no tsis meej; ntawmThaum ua kev kuaj mob, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv xyuam xim rau cov keeb kwm kev ua haujlwm (qhov chaw ua haujlwm, qhov ntev ntawm kev pabcuam). Thiab txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog hloov kev tsim nyog thiab hloov txoj haujlwm.

Tuberculosis hauv menyuam yaus
Tuberculosis hauv menyuam yaus

tuberculosis cag puas

Ib qho xwm txheej uas cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog compacted feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus kab mob ntsws ntsws. Cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv xws li thawj tuberculosis complex thiab tuberculosis ntawm intrathoracic lymph nodes. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv no tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus uas muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm qhov qub.

Tuberculosis yog kab mob ntev, yog li cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntev thiab maj mam. Cov hnoos qhuav qhuav lossis nrog cov hnoos qeev me me, tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntshav sib xyaw, mob hauv siab, qaug zog, qaug zog, poob phaus.

Tom qab x-ray tau ua nyob rau hauv ob qhov projections, hnoos qeev kab lis kev cai thiab microscopy tau ua los kuaj xyuas Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ib qho tomogram ntawm lub ntsws kom paub meej qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsom mus rau kab mob. Tom qab sowing tubercle bacillus, nws rhiab heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis yog txiav txim siab, uas yog tsim nyog los xaiv txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.

Kev kho tshuaj yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txuas ntxiv thiab mus sij hawm ntev (tsawg kawg 6 lub hlis). Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tsawg kawg 4 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB. Tsuas yog ua raws li cov ntsiab cai no xwb thiaj li kho tau zoo.

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws yog nruj thiab nruj: qhov no txhais li cas?

Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, feem ntau muabX-ray syndrome tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb bronchitis ntev thiab mob ntsws ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsos mob no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv cov kab mob inflammatory mob ntawm txoj hlab ntsws, kab mob oncological.

Cov strands no yog cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas uas ncab los ntawm cov hauv paus mus rau qhov chaw. Qhov hnyav feem ntau yog ua ke nrog kev nthuav dav thiab kev cog lus ntawm lub hauv paus.

Yog tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov mob no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob kom xav tias qee yam kab mob ntsws thiab xa tus neeg mob mus kuaj ntxiv.

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws tsis zoo thiab kev cog lus: qhov no txhais li cas?

Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws, uas yog, qhov tsis muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub bronchus, qhov tsos ntawm darkening ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj tuberculosis, oncological txheej txheem.

Ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob uas muaj kab mob loj heev lossis mob qog noj ntshav hauv nruab nrab, tsis yog cov hauv paus hniav, cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm ntau yam contours tuaj yeem pom, uas yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb (txog 10 hli inch) lossis infiltrate (ntau tshaj 10 hli.). Cov tsos mob no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog induration, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nrog kev tso nyiaj calcium ntsev los yog calcification (petrification). Calcification yog ib qho cim ntawm tus txheej txheem mus sij hawm ntev.

mob mob
mob mob

Yog li, tsuas yog ib qho x-ray cov tsos mob (hauv lub ntsws, cov hauv paus hniav yog fibrously compacted thiab hnyav) tuaj yeem pab kom xav tias muaj ntau yam kab mob: los ntawm cov kab mob bronchitis mus rau lub ntsws cancer. Yog lawm, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias radiography yuav tsum tau supplemented los ntawm lwm yamKev kuaj mob: xam tomography, biopsy, sputum kab lis kev cai, bronchoscopy, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev kuaj ntxiv yog ua raws li tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg, nyob ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb nrhiav. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas dav dav yuav pab kom kuaj tau qhov tseeb.

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