Ntau zaus hauv lawv qhov kev coj ua, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob nruab nrab yuav tsum tau los ntshav ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv. Tshwj xeeb, hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus - nrog qhov ntswg, tom qab tshem cov hniav - nrog cov pos hniav thiab lwm yam. Niaj hnub no, ntau yam hemostatic neeg sawv cev yog siv: rau uterine los ntshav, capillary puas rau lub qhov ntswg thiab lwm yam localization. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ntau tus kab mob pathologies, kev mob ntawm ib hom kev loj hlob tuaj. Piv txwv li, nrog aplastic anemia, Werlhof's kab mob, capillary toxicosis thiab lwm yam. Tom ntej no, cia peb txheeb xyuas seb cov tshuaj hemostatic muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Vim li cas los ntshav? Cov mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha loj los yog capillaries. Kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qog loj hlob, raug mob, tsis txaus ntawm cov ntshav coagulation system. Feem ntau, nrog cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob sab hauv, cov tshuaj hemostatic raug tswj hwmncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov xwm txheej lossis hauv kev thauj tus neeg raug tsim txom mus rau tsev kho mob.
Clotting factor
Raws li kev soj ntsuam pom, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm sab hauv pathologies, los ntshav yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv coagulation system. Cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv nws sawv cev rau ib tug complex cascade ntawm phenomena. Nws suav nrog 13 yam tam sim no hauv plasma, thiab ntau tshaj kaum - muaj nyob hauv platelets. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv muaj xws li: fibrinogen, prothrombin, proconvertin, contact factor thiab antihemophilic globulin. Vim yog fibrinolytic (anti-coagulant) system, cov ntshav tau khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev ua kua.
Ua txhaum cai
Ntshav hauv kev xyaum, raws li txoj cai, yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov coagulation, piv txwv li, nrog tus kab mob siab viral, jaundice, hemophilia, lossis qis platelet suav (nrog Werlhof syndrome, tiv thaiv aplastic anemia thiab lwm yam pathologies). Feem ntau, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thromboses nyob rau hauv lub capillaries ua raws li ib tug tshwm sim. Lawv txhim kho nrog kev siv ntau dhau ntawm qee yam ua kom ntshav txhaws thiab platelets. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau hemorrhagic syndrome. Ib daim duab zoo sib xws tau sau tseg rau keeb kwm ntawm kev poob siab loj (cardiogenic, raug mob), lom, mob septic (xws li tom qab rho menyuam tawm txhaum cai), kev ua haujlwm ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog kev hloov ntshav loj. Yav dhau los, xws li pathological mob tau txhais tias yog "fibrinlytic los ntshav". ATNws yog tam sim no hu ua intravascular disseminated microcoagulation syndrome.
Kev Kho Mob Txheej Txheem
Xaiv cov tshuaj hemostatic kom raug rau cov ntshav los ntawm lub tsev menyuam, kev puas tsuaj hauv zos capillary muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam thawj qhov txuas ntawm hemostasis. Feem ntau, kev kho mob muaj peev xwm suav nrog kev siv ib qho, qee zaum ob, cov tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj noj kom zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv hemophilic los ntshav, ib tug infusion ntawm tshiab plasma los yog Cryoprecipitate tus neeg saib xyuas yog siv. Thiab cov tshuaj xws li Vikasol lossis calcium chloride tsis siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Qhov cuam tshuam txuas hauv hemostasis tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab raws li cov ntaub ntawv anamnestic thiab cov tsos mob pom thaum kuaj tus neeg mob. Hauv qhov no, ua ntej ua kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj pleev hemostatic raug tso cai siv rau hauv cov kab mob vascular sab nraud ntawm cov mucous membranes. Cov tshuaj tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug dav los yog tsawg spectrum ntawm kev ua. Muaj, piv txwv li, cov tshuaj hemostatic rau hemorrhoids. Hom tshuaj kuj txawv. Thaum txhim kho kev puas tsuaj hauv cheeb tsam plab hnyuv, piv txwv li, nws tsim nyog siv hemostatic suppositories. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws zoo dua los siv cov kev daws teeb meem lossis cov ntsiav tshuaj. Piv txwv li, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntsiav tshuaj lossis hauv ampoules.
Tshuaj"Vikasol"
Cov tshuaj no yog dej-soluble synthetic analogue ntawm K-vitamin. Cov tshuaj no tsuas yog pab kom tsis txhob los ntshav, uas yog vim qhov txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm prothrombin. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, provoked los ntawm tsis muaj K-vitamin. Cov tshuaj "Vikasol" nkoos prothrombin synthesis los ntawm daim siab hlwb. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov tshuaj no suav nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm hemostasis hauv cirrhosis, kab mob siab, mob raum-hepatic syndrome, obstructive jaundice. Cov tshuaj tau pom zoo los ntshav tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ncaj (cov tshuaj "Pelentan", "Neodicumarin" thiab lwm yam). Cov tshuaj tsis zoo hauv Werlhof tus kab mob thiab hemophilia. Cov tshuaj no muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev mob menopausal thiab menyuam yaus lub tsev menyuam, ulcerative los ntshav. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj tau sau tseg tsis pub dhau 12-18 teev tom qab kev tswj hwm. Zoo li ntau cov tshuaj hemostatic rau cov ntshav los ntawm lub tsev menyuam, Vikasol muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj daim ntawv thiab raws li kev daws. Qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj pom zoo ntawm 0.015 g / 2-3 r / hnub. Kev txhaj tshuaj hemostatic "Vikasol" tau muab tshuaj intramuscularly hauv 1 ml ntawm 1% tshuaj 1-2 r / hnub, tsis pub ntau tshaj plaub hnub (vim qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm thrombosis). Contraindications rau kev siv cov tshuaj muaj xws li myocardial infarction (mob), thrombophlebitis, nce ntshav txhaws.
Vitamin P
Txoj kev kho noyog ib tug complex ntawm tshuaj yej catechins. Vitamin P slows down qhov kev ua ntawm hyaluronidase (nws dissolves cov ntaub so ntswg hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub capillary phab ntsa), txo mus rau ib co raws li fragility thiab permeability ntawm me me-caliber hlab ntsha. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vitamin P tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm ascorbic acid. Nws kuj ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa capillary. Cov tshuaj feem ntau ntawm cov vitamin P yog cov tshuaj "Rutin". Nws yog dej-insoluble ntsuab-daj hmoov. Cov tshuaj "Rutin" rau qee qhov txo qis ntawm cov tawv nqaij hemorrhagic tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm Werlhof tus kab mob thiab capillary toxicosis. Cov tshuaj yog muab rau retinal hemorrhages, qhua pias, septic endocarditis, scarlet fever. Thaum siv cov vitamin P, thrombosis xyaum tsis tshwm sim, tsis muaj contraindications. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj hauv daim ntawv ntshiab, 0.02 g txhua thiab ua ke nrog ascorbic acid (Ascorutin agent) (0.5 g ntawm txhua yam). Rau cov neeg laus, cov tshuaj raug pom zoo nyob rau hauv ib koob ntawm 0.02-0.05 g / 3 r / hnub.
YEpsilon-aminocaproic acid
Cov tshuaj no tau nthuav tawm ua cov hmoov dawb crystalline. Cov khoom tsis muaj saj thiab tsw, nws yog zoo soluble nyob rau hauv dej. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid muaj cov nyhuv hemostatic muaj zog (hauv zos thiab dav), txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv fibrinolytic. Nrog rau qhov no, cov tshuaj txo cov kev ua haujlwm tryptic uas zom cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid yog tshuaj rau gingival, qhov ntswg,plab hnyuv, plab, uterine, lub raum los ntshav ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim, nrog Werlhof syndrome, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, thiab tom qab curettage ntawm lub tsev menyuam, suav nrog. Hauv qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov, cov tshuaj siv tom qab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsws, prostate, nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntxov ntxov ntawm cov placenta. Tus neeg sawv cev tau sau rau ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm 3-5 g / 3-4 r / hnub. Nws raug nquahu kom haus cov hmoov nrog dej qab zib. Tsis tas li ntawd, epsilon-aminocaproic acid yog siv ob qho tib si los ntawm dav hlau thiab ntws mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, 100 ml txhua. Cov tshuaj no tau zoo siv rau hauv zos hemostasis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm los ntshav los ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa los yog cov hniav socket tom qab rho tawm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov chaw cuam tshuam yog abundantly sprinkled nrog hmoov. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tswj qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj tsis ua rau lub plab zom mov. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov neeg mob yuav yws yws ntawm xeev siab. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj, cov nyhuv siab tshaj plaws yog pom tom qab 1-4 teev. Epsilon-aminocaproic acid muaj contraindications. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb, raum tsis ua haujlwm (mob mob), thrombosis.
tshuaj gelatin
Collagen hydrolyzate yog cov xim tsis muaj xim gelatinous lossis nplooj daj. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov tshuaj pab txhawb kev nce ntshav viscosity, platelet stickiness. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees sai thiab hais tau cov nyhuv hemostatic nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob los ntshav. Cov no, ntawm lwm yam, muaj xws li ob qho tib si intrapleural thiab gastrointestinal. Tsawg duaCov nyhuv yog sau nrog kev puas tsuaj rau vascular network ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias. Allergy yog ib qho kev mob tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog muab los ntawm kev tso dej tso rau hauv ib koob ntawm 50-100 ml ntawm cov tshuaj rhuab mus rau 37 degrees. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv 10 ml ampoules ntawm 10% gelatin nyob rau hauv 5% sodium chloride.
Fibrinogen K3 lossis M2
Qhov no yog cov khoom siv ntshav tib neeg, Kuv ua kom ntshav txhaws. Nws yog siv rau afibrinogemic los ntshav. Nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (ib hnub mus txog 1.8-2 grams ntawm cov khoom qhuav). Ua ntej siv, cov hmoov yog ncaj qha yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug physiological (sterile) tov, qhov kub ntawm uas yog 25-30 degrees. Infusion yog ua nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub lim dej hauv lub cev, vim tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein tsis txaus tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv cov tshuaj. Infusion tsis yog tshuaj rau myocardial infarction (mob), thrombophlebitis.
YCov tshuaj "Trasilol"
Qhov kev npaj no yog muab los ntawm cov qog parotid ntawm nyuj. Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua kom qeeb zuj zus ntawm intravascular microcoagulation thiab zom trypsin. Nws raug sau tseg rau los ntshav nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nws kim heev, tom qab rho menyuam tawm, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tus mob leukemia (promyelocytic, piv txwv li) thiab lwm yam mob. Noj 10-20 txhiab IU drip intravenously ib hnub twg 1-2 zaug nyob rau hauv ib tug tsib feem pua qabzib tov (los yog physiological). Feem ntau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov. Cov tshuaj kuj yog siv rau cov mob ntev thiabmob mob pancreatitis, mumps. Ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim, feem ntau yog: kev ua xua txog kev poob siab anaphylactic, nrog rau phlebitis ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj.
Y Protamine Sulfate
Qhov no yog cov khoom siv protein uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov complexes insoluble nrog thromboplastin thiab heparin. Cov tshuaj yog muab rau cov hemorrhages provoked los ntawm hyperheparinemia. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug overdose los yog nce zus tau tej cov endogenous heparin. Cov tshuaj muab qhov nrawm nrawm (hauv 1-2 teev) nres ntawm cov ntshav. Raws li txoj cai, 1% tshuaj yog muab rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm 5 ml intramuscularly lossis intravenously. Yog tias tsim nyog, rov infusion yog nqa tawm tom qab 15 feeb. Thaum lub sij hawm kho nrog protamine sulfate, kev tswj lub sij hawm ntawm cov hlab ntsha yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv ampoules ntawm tsib milliliters ntawm ib feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj.
Tshuaj "Hemophobin"
Qhov no yog qhov tsis muaj zog hemostatic rau hemorrhoids. Nws yog siv intramuscularly, qhov ncauj los yog topically. Kev noj tshuaj rau qhov ncauj 1 lub rooj. diav 2-3 r / hnub. Intramuscularly, 5 ml ntawm cov tshuaj 1.5% yog tshuaj. Cov tshuaj Hemophobin, zoo li ntau lwm cov tshuaj hemostatic, muaj nyob rau hauv 5 ml ampoules thiab 150 ml fwj.
YDrug "Adrokson"
tshuaj no yog txiv kab ntxwv hmoov,tasteless thiab tsw. Cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov ntshav capillary vim kev raug mob me, tom qab tshem tawm cov hniav, tonsillectomy. Ib qho tshuaj 0.025% yog siv rau ntub tampons thiab txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntau zaus ua ntej, thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab kev cuam tshuam. Cov tshuaj kuj tseem siv tau rau GI los ntshav. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv ampoules ntawm 1 ml 0.025%.
tshuaj "Etamzilat"
Cov tshuaj no txhim kho platelet muaj nuj nqi, txo cov capillary permeability. Cov tshuaj tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob vascular tom qab tshem tawm cov hniav, tonsillectomy. Indications muaj xws li cov hnyuv thiab pulmonary los ntshav. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov nyhuv yog 1-2 teev thaum txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab 3 teev thaum noj qhov ncauj. Rau prophylactic lub hom phiaj, cov tshuaj yog muab intramuscularly los yog hais lus. Txhawm rau tshem tawm los ntshav, 2-4 ml yog txhaj rau hauv cov leeg lossis cov leeg, tom qab ntawd 2 ml txhua 4-6 teev. Cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntsiav tshuaj daim ntawv ntawm 0.25 g. thiab hauv 2 ml ampoules raws li 12.5% kev daws teeb meem.
tshuaj ntsuab
Kho cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau paub txij thaum ub. Cov tshuaj ntsuab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov extracts muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov tshuaj hemostatic. Xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm hemostatic yog siv rau lub sijhawm hnyav, cov kab mob hauv zos hauv lwm qhov chaw. Ntau yam ntawm tinctures, dej thiab cawv, ntsiav tshuaj, tee kuj tsim. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv cov tshuaj hemostatic hauvgynecology. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv hemostatic thaum cev xeeb tub thiab thaum pub mis yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev kom tsis txhob ua mob rau tus menyuam hauv plab.
Lagohilus tincture
Cov khoom no muaj tannins thiab latochiline. Cov tincture muaj ib qho stimulating (nruab nrab) cuam tshuam rau lub coagulation system thiab ib tug me ntsis sedative nyhuv. Nws yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev hemostatic rau kev coj khaub ncaws, qhov ntswg. Nws raug nquahu kom noj ib qho teaspoon ntawm kaum feem pua tshuaj nrog dej (rau 0.25 khob) 3-4 zaug hauv ib hnub. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug laxative nyhuv yog manifested mus rau ib tug nruab nrab degree. Swabs soaked nyob rau hauv kev daws yuav siv tau rau hemorrhoidal los yog epistaxis.
Nettle nplooj Extract
Cov khoom no muaj vitamin K, ascorbic acid, tannins. Ib qho extract yog pom zoo rau txoj hnyuv, lub raum ntws, nrog Werlhof's syndrome. Nettle muaj ntau cov tshuaj hemostatic siv rau lub sijhawm hnyav thiab lwm yam vascular puas tsuaj.
Yarrow Herb (Kua Extract)
Cov tshuaj no muaj cov resins thiab tannins, ascorbic acid, alkaloids. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv, qee zaum, cov tshuaj hemostatic tau ua ke. Nrog rau lub sijhawm hnyav, qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, yarrow tshuaj ntsuab thiab nettle extract tau zoo heev.
kua txob kua txob
Nws muaj kev niaj hnub,quercetin. Zoo li qee cov tshuaj hemostatic rau lub sijhawm hnyav, kua txob extract kuj muaj tannins. Nws raug pom zoo 30-40 tee peb zaug ib hnub. Kua txob extract yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj "Anestezol" (tswj tswm ciab).
tshuaj kho mob
Raws li txoj cai, cov tshuaj hemostatic yog siv rau kev txiav. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm kev ua txhaum cai sai sai. Lawv tuaj yeem siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Muaj tsev so hemostatic tshuaj rau qhov txhab. Tom ntej no, xav txog qee yam tshuaj hauv zos.
Hemostatic daim txhuam cev
Qhov no yog kev npaj cov ntshav hauv tib neeg. Lub hemostatic daim txhuam cev muaj thromboplastin thiab calcium chloride. Cov tom kawg muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv zos ntawm gingival, qhov ntswg, los ntshav hemorrhoidal. Ib daim yog sterilely cais los ntawm daim txhuam cev thiab siv rau qhov puas, yav tas los qhuav cheeb tsam. Cov tshuaj yog nruj nreem nias nrog ib tug gauze swab. Ib hnub tom qab, qhov seem ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab fibrin tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm ntawm cov npoo. Cov seem ntawm daim txhuam cev yaj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 20-30 hnub. Cov khoom siv tsis siv los ntawm lub thawv qhib daim txhuam cev tsuas yog siv tau tom qab rov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Cov tshuaj tsis muaj contraindications.
Thrombin
Qhov kev npaj ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav ntshav yog fluffy dawb-xim liab. Ua ib qho catalyst rau kev hloov pauv ntawm fibrinogen rau hauv fibrin, cov tshuaj muaj cov nyhuv hemostatic ncaj qha.kev ua. Thrombin tsuas yog siv rau kev puas tsuaj hauv zos capillary ntawm qhov sib txawv, suav nrog tom qab tshem tawm cov hniav. Lub raj mis nrog cov tshuaj yog sterilely qhib ua ntej siv, physiological tov (10-15 ml) ntawm chav tsev kub yog txhaj rau hauv nws. Tom qab thrombin dissolves, lub swab yog soaked nrog no sib tov thiab nias nruj nreem tiv thaiv qhov chaw puas. Tom qab cov ntshav tso tseg, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm, moistened nrog saline los tiv thaiv rov qab puas.
Fibrin film
Kev npaj tib neeg lossis tsiaj (bovine) ntshav ntshav. Nws muaj thromboplastin. Cov tshuaj muaj cov nyhuv hemostatic nruab nrab. Fibrin zaj duab xis yog siv rau cov kab mob hauv zos hauv mucosa. Ua ntej siv, lub raj kuaj tau qhib kom tsis muaj menyuam, cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd nws yog ntxuav nrog saline los yog Penicillin los yog Rivanol. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj yog siv rau qhov chaw puas. Fibrin zaj duab xis yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.
