Dab tsi yog scotoma: piav qhia, ua rau, tsos mob, kuaj mob thiab kho

2024 Tus sau: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 21:10

Hnub no, muaj ntau yam kab mob qhov muag. Muaj ntau yam kab mob conjunctivitis, blepharitis, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis ib qho ntawm cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws yog scotoma. Vim nws, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug neeg kom pom lub ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws splendor. Txhua yam tsis xws luag tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov chaw ntawm lub zeem muag. Nov yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm scotoma.

Definition

Dab tsi yog scotoma? Nws lub ntsiab txhais yog raws li hauv qab no: qhov no yog ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb uas tsis pom kev tsis pom kev lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Ib qho txawv me ntsis ntawm lub sij hawm: tus neeg mob tsis muaj qhov pom kev ntawm txhua qhov los yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib nrab variant.

Feem ntau, lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog scotoma tuaj yeem teb tau tias nws yog ib tus kab mob uas ua rau cov duab tsis pom kev. Tus neeg mob, saib daim duab, pom nws ib nrab. Qhov chaw tshwm sim txwv tsis pub nws pom daim duab tag nrho. Kev pom nyob ib puag ncig nws tsis zoo.

Yog vim li cas

Thaum tus neeg mob tus kab mob no, nws lub zeem muag hu ua "scotoma vision". Qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob ntau. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim vim pathologies ntawm lub paj hlwb. Ib tug neeg txoj kev xaav ib nrab ntawm lub teeb ploj mus. Qhov no yog ib qho cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub qhov muag lub luag haujlwm rau qhov kev nkag siab zoo li no. Lawv hu ua rods thiab cones. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau scotoma. Spots ntawm ntau yam duab yuav tshwm sim, xim yuav distorted. Ib tug neeg pom nrog turbidity los yog tsis pom kiag li.

Cov npe ntawm cov laj thawj yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Cataract. Qhov no yog kab mob uas lub lens atrophies thiab ua huab.
2. Kev raug mob rau lub qhov muag, pob txha taub hau thiab lub hlwb.
3. Too siab intraocular siab - glaucoma.
4. Kab mob ntawm retina. Feem ntau qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm retinitis.
5. Neuralgic defects.
6. Dystrophy ntawm qhov pom kev apparatus.
7. Hloov cov duab ntawm retina.

Txoj cai ntawm kev faib tawm

thawj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tus cwj pwm. Raws li qhov kev ntsuas no, scotoma yog txheeb ze thiab tsis muaj tseeb. Hauv thawj qhov sib txawv, ib feem ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm optic tau sau tseg. Hauv cheeb tsam chaw, ib tug neeg pom cov duab tsis pom tseeb. Hauv qhov kev xaiv thib ob, qhov chaw cuam tshuam yog qhov chaw dawb. Los ntawm nws, tus neeg mob pom tsis muaj dab tsi hlo li.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib ob yog qhov chaw nyob. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem yog nruab nrab thiab atrial. Hauv thawj qhov pom, tus neeg mob tsis pom qhov nruab nrab ntawm daim duab. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - nws pom ib tug trembling contour. Thiab tom qab lub contour nws tus kheej, kev nkag siab yog noj qab haus huv.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib peb yog kev siv zog ntawm kev tshwm sim. Muaj qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo hloov pauv. Yog tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no tau tshaj tawm. Rau cov kws kho mobyooj yim rau kev kuaj mob. Hauv qhov thib ob, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los kuaj tus kab mob, vim nws tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhua txoj kev. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem lees paub qhov tsis raug.

Plaub yog qhov zoo li qhov chaw. Nws geometry txawv. Cov duab tuaj yeem yog puag ncig, oval, arc thiab annular.

thib tsib yog Bjerrum's syndrome. Pom qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Tus neeg mob pom ib feem ntawm daim duab. Tab sis lawv ploj arcuately thiab assimilate nrog qhov chaw. Nws kuj yog thawj cov tsos mob ntawm glaucoma. Cov chaw tso tseg tshwm sim thaum lub siab nce hauv qhov muag. Thaum txo qis, lawv ploj tag.

kab mob

Hom scotoma cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev faib tawm. Muaj hom kab mob no:

1. Physiological. Txhua tus neeg noj qab haus huv muaj lub npe hu ua "qhov muag tsis pom kev". Nws tsuas yog nrhiav tau los ntawm qee qhov kev tawm dag zog. Ib feem ntawm qhov pom kev pom ploj mus los ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm fixation point, lub dropout yog hais txog 15 degrees. Nws kwv yees qhov ntsuas yog: 6 degrees ntawm arc. Qhov chaw no zoo ib yam li disk projection ntawm lub paj hlwb. Tsis muaj photoreceptors.
2. YPathological. Muaj tshwm sim vim qee yam kab mob. Pawg no suav nrog:

A) Qhov chaw dig muag uas tau hloov pauv vim muaj kab mob.

B) Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ntawm scotoma.

B) Nws daim ntawv tsis zoo.

D) Nws ntau yam shimmery.

Symptoms

Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov muag ocular scotoma los ntawm nws cov tsos mob:

1. Cov pob tshwm nyob rau sab hauv lossis nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag.
2. Flies tshwm hauv qhov pom, lossiscov dots dub.
3. Daim duab dhau los ua huab.
4. Paj qhov muag.
5. Spot pom thaum saib daim duab. Thiab nws tseem ceeb dua li daim duab tag nrho.

Atrial fibrillation

hom scotoma yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm neurological defects. Nws lwm lub npe yog qhov muag migraine. Nws manifestations yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm qaug dab peg. Distortion ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov duab thiab pom aura yog sau tseg.

Cov teeb meem paj hlwb tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:

1. Systematic pw deprivation
2. Kev ua haujlwm dhau.
3. Oxygen deficiency hauv lub cev.
4. Zoo siab, ntxhov siab.
5. Kev hloov pauv sai ntawm huab cua thiab thaj chaw lub sijhawm.
6. Mental deviations.
7. Ntshai heev.
8. Hormonal ntshawv siab.
9. Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm qee yam tshuaj.
10. Chaos food.
11. Cawv, nicotine thiab tshuaj.
12. Ntev raug rau lub teeb flickering. Piv txwv li, hauv pem teb ua las voos nrog suab paj nruag.

Tshwj xeeb ntawm hom kab mob no

Flickering scotoma yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb. Lawv cov npe yog:

1. Duab distorted ntawm ob lub qhov muag ib zaug.
2. Qhov chaw mob tshwm sim maj mam. Thaum xub thawj, tus neeg mob pom qhov chaw me me heev. Ces nws cov parameters nce.
3. Qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo yog xim lossis dawb.
4. Tshuaj rau 15-30 feeb. Tus neeg mob pom qhov chaw hauv cov feeb no. Tom qab kev tawm tsam, nws lub cev tsis muaj zog, tshwm simmigraine. Muaj tsawg zaus, ib tug neeg mob.
5. Tus neeg mob feem ntau pom flickering zigzags txawm tias thaum nws kaw nws lub qhov muag.

Central shape

Dab tsi yog scotoma ntawm daim ntawv no? Qhov no yog ib tug pathology uas manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dub qhov chaw uas hangs nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag. Hom mob no yog vim:

1. Cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
2. Teeb meem nrog lub paj hlwb.

Vim li ntawd, tus neeg mob qhov muag pom kev tau txo qis.

Central scotoma feem ntau tshwm sim nrog cov kab mob thiab kev raug mob:

1. Kev raug mob ntawm lub paj hlwb.
2. Macupodystrophy.
3. Maculopathy hauv ntshav qab zib.
4. Cov ntshav ntws mus rau thaj tsam ntawm macula.
5. Chorioretenitis nrog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob.
6. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub retina ntawm thaj chaw macular.

Tseem muaj ib tug metamorphome. Nws yog dab tsi? Scotoma ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm lub hauv paus hom. Nws tshwm raws li thaj chaw txwv. Hauv nws, cov kab ncaj nraim zoo li tawg lossis tawg. Cov tsos mob zoo sib xws yog txuam nrog kev puas ntsoog retina thiab cuam tshuam txoj hauj lwm ntawm photoreceptors. Lawv nyob tom qab qhov muag.

Diagnosis

Txhawm rau kho tus kab mob scotoma kom zoo, koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov chaw. Thiab ces tshem tawm nws. Rau qhov no, muaj cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv qab no:

1. Perimetry. Nws lub hauv paus yog ib qho kev sim khoom. Tus neeg mob pom ib daim duab kheej kheej ntawm qhov chaw. Tus kws kho mob soj ntsuam seb tus neeg mob qhov chaw pom kev hloov pauv li cas. Cov ntaub ntawv no nthuav tawmlocalization ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
2. Kev sib tw. Txoj hauj lwm ua raws tib txoj cai. Tsuas yog cov khoom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus kiag li. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob yog qhia los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kuaj pom xim.
3. Txoj kev uas txheeb xyuas qee yam mob - qhov ua txhaum ntawm scotoma.



No yog:

A) Ophthalmoscopy.

B) Kev xam qhov siab hauv qhov muag.

C) Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub qhov muag siv ultrasound.

D) Kawm lub hlwb nrog CT.

Kev kho mob

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov ua rau tus kab mob. Feem ntau, qhov tsis xws luag ploj thiab tsis pom kev rov qab los. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws, kev phais mob tau ua. Cov kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj los daws qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau kom tshem tawm spasms ntawm cov hlab ntsha, tshuaj antispasmodics. Txhua yam kev ntsuas uas yuav tsum tau muaj yog tus kws kho mob sau. Tsis pub noj tshuaj rau tus kheej.

Kev kho mob ntawm scotoma coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov ua rau ntawm nws cov tsos thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tshuaj hauv qab no feem ntau raug sau tseg:

1. Sedative hom, xws li "Novopassit", "Valerian", thiab lwm yam. Lawv pab tiv thaiv atrial scotoma. Cov kws kho mob kuj tau sau tshuaj los txhim kho cov ntshav ncig, xws li Piracetam.
2. Neutralizing mob spasms, xws li Dibazol, Librax, No-Shpa, thiab lwm yam.

Kev phais mob yog ua tiav thaum mob hnyav. Piv txwv li, kev kho laser feem ntau ua tiav.

Tsis tas li, tus neeg mob yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog txwv tsis pub rau nws:

1. yuav haus dej cawv.
2. Smoking.
3. Siv tshuaj.
4. Meals muaj rog.
5. fried lauj kaub.

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv scotoma, koj yuav tsum ua kom lub neej noj qab haus huv, tawm dag zog thiab pw tsaug zog zoo.