Oncological pathologies yog dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog nce txhua xyoo. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias tam sim no cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj mob oncological pathologies tau zoo tuaj. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv yog mob ntsws cancer me me. Ntau lab tus tib neeg tuag txhua xyoo los ntawm tus kab mob no thoob ntiaj teb. Cov lus nug txog ntev npaum li cas tib neeg nyob nrog mob qog noj ntshav muaj feem cuam tshuam. Cov kws kho mob tau sim nrhiav kev kho mob oncological pathologies tau ntev. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, oncologists tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov kev nce qib no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev kho mob tau txhim kho tas li.
Types me me mob ntsws cancer
Zoo li txhua yam mob qog noj ntshav, mob ntsws cancer muaj ntau yam. Kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab hom cell los ntawm cov qog tsim. Nyob ntawm cov morphology, 2 hom txheej txheem oncological txawv. Feem ntaumob ntsws cancer uas tsis yog me me. Nws muaj kev kawm zoo dua. Cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav me me yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov metastasis sai. tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm tsis tshua muaj. Tsis tas li, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib cheeb tsam (hauv zos) thiab daim ntawv dav.
Nyob ntawm seb qhov qog nyob qhov twg, cov hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Central mob cancer. Nws yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov qog nyob rau hauv loj thiab segmental bronchi. Feem ntau, cov kab mob no nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob.
- mob qog noj ntshav peripheral. Cov txheej txheem oncological tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg nws tus kheej.
- mob qog noj ntshav. Nws kuj cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov ntau yam no tau muab cais ua ib pawg, raws li nws txawv hauv daim duab kho mob (loj hlob mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub xub pwg nyom, caj dab).
- Kab mob ntsws cancer.
- Atypical thiab metastatic cov ntaub ntawv.
- Pneumonia zoo li qog.
mob ntsws cancer me me yog dab tsi?
Hom mob qog noj ntshav no tshwm sim hauv 25% ntawm cov neeg mob. Nws raug cais raws li ib qho kev txhoj puab heev vim nws kis mus rau lymphatic system. Yog tias koj xav tias muaj kab mob oncological hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb, qhov kev kuaj mob feem ntau yog mob ntsws cancer me me. Lub neej expectancy nyob rau hauv tus kab mob no feem ntau yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus txheej txheem. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub cev thiab kev zam ntawm kev kho mob kuj tseem ceeb. Qhov malignancy ntawm hom mob qog noj ntshav no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlwb tsis sib xws. Xws licov qog zoo li "noob" lub ntsws parenchyma dhau qhov loj, vim tias nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj pom thawj zaug.
Etiology ntawm me me mob qog noj ntshav
Zoo li txhua yam kab mob oncological, mob qog noj ntshav me me tsis yog tshwm sim xwb. Atypical hlwb pib sib faib vim ntau yam predisposing yam. Lub ntsiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav me me yog kev haus luam yeeb. Kuj tseem muaj kev sib txuas ntawm morbidity thiab raug rau cov khoom tsis zoo (hnyav hlau, arsenic). Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yog nce rau cov neeg laus uas muaj qhov ntsuas neeg haus luam yeeb siab (tau haus luam yeeb ntau xyoo). Predisposing yam muaj xws li mob ntsws ntsws, nrog rau tuberculosis, COPD, obstructive bronchitis. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim mob qog noj ntshav me me yog nce ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev sib cuag tsis tu ncua nrog cov hmoov av. Nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom xws li kev haus luam yeeb, kab mob ntev thiab kev phom sij ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qog nqaij hlav yog siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laj thawj rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem oncological suav nrog kev txo qis hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev ntxhov siab ntev.
Staging of me me ntsws cancer
Cov lus nug ntawm seb tib neeg nyob nrog mob qog noj ntshav ntev npaum li cas tuaj yeem teb tau los ntawm kev paub txog theem ntawm tus kabmob. Nws nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological thiab qib ntawm kev kis mus rau lwm yam kabmob. Zoo li feem ntau cov qog, mob ntsws cancer muaj 4 theem. Tsis tas li ntawd, tseem muaj cov theem pib ntawm tus kab mob. Hauv lwm txoj kev, nws yog hu ua "precancer". Qhov no theemCov yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov ntsiab lus me me tsuas yog nyob ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub ntsws xwb.
Thawj theem ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov qog loj txog li 3 cm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov qog nqaij hlav nyob ze tsis raug puas tsuaj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem qog yog lub ntsws noj qab haus huv.
theem thib ob. Nws muaj qhov loj me (txog 7 cm). Lymph nodes nyob twj ywm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qog loj hlob mus rau hauv pleura thiab bronchi.
Thib peb. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological. Cov qog nqaij hlav loj hlob mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav hauv siab, cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub caj dab thiab mediastinum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qog tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm pericardium, trachea, esophagus.
theem plaub yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm metastases hauv lwm cov kabmob (siab, pob txha, hlwb).
Kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav me me
Kev kho mob tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav me me. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, lub pathology yog heev nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob, vim hais tias yuav luag tsis muaj cov tsos mob. Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav tau pom nyob rau theem ob ntawm tus kab mob. Cov no suav nrog: ua tsis taus pa nce ntxiv, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hnoos (hauv cov neeg mob COPD), mob hauv siab. Qee zaum, cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav hauv cov hnoos qeev tau sau tseg. Cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib peb theem nyob ntawm seb qhov twg cov qog tau loj hlob. Thaum lub plawv koom nrog cov txheej txheem, cov tsos mob xws li mob, arrhythmias, tachycardia lossis bradycardia tshwm. Yog tias cov qog cuam tshuam rau lub pharynx thiab txoj hlab pas, muaj kev ua txhaum cainqos, nqos. Cov theem davhlau ya nyob twg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis muaj zog, cov qog nqaij hlav o, subfebrile kub thiab poob phaus.
Cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav me me: lub neej expectancy nrog qhov kev kuaj mob no
Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kab mob no kis tau sai heev. Lub neej expectancy ntawm cov neeg mob nyob ntawm seb lub sij hawm raws nraim qhov kev kuaj mob txaus ntshai - "mob cell lung cancer". Qhov kev cia siab ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov tsis zoo. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau cov neeg mob nrog theem 3 thiab 4 ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, me me cell carcinoma kuj nyuaj rau kho. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev ncua ntawm cov qog loj hlob. Nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb npaum li cas tus neeg mob tau tawm mus nyob. Nws nyob ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho qog noj ntshav. Qhov kev muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos rau cov qog nqaij hlav me me yog 5-10%.
Cancer Center (Moscow): kho mob qog noj ntshav
Yog tias theem ntawm tus kab mob tso cai, ces tus mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsum tau kho. Kev tshem tawm cov qog thiab kev kho mob yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog ncua lub neej ntawm tus neeg mob, tab sis kuj txo nws cov kev txom nyem. Txhawm rau kho kom zoo, koj yuav tsum nrhiav tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog thiab lub chaw kho mob oncology zoo. Moscow yog suav hais tias yog ib lub nroog uas cov tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug heev theem. Hauv particular, qhov no siv rau oncology. Cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev kho mob tau tsim los ntawm no, kev sim tshuaj xyuas tau ua. Muaj ntau lub cheeb tsam oncological dispensaries thiab tsev kho mob hauv Moscow. Feem ntauCov chaw tseem ceeb yog lub koom haum hu ua Herzen thiab Blokhin. Cov tsev kho mob oncology no muaj cov cuab yeej kho mob tshiab thiab cov kws kho mob zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb hauv Moscow tau siv dav hauv txawv teb chaws.
Small cell lung cancer kho
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav me me yog ua tiav nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob, qhov loj thiab theem ntawm cov txheej txheem qog. Txoj kev tseem ceeb yog chemotherapy. Nws tso cai rau koj kom qeeb qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog, ua kom lub neej expectancy ntawm tus neeg mob rau lub hlis thiab xyoo. Kev siv tshuaj khomob tuaj yeem siv rau txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem oncological, tshwj tsis yog lub davhlau ya nyob twg theem. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob tus mob yuav tsum tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem nrog lwm cov kab mob hnyav. Cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav me me tuaj yeem muaj daim ntawv hauv zos. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, chemotherapy yog ua ke nrog kev phais thiab hluav taws xob.
