Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha: kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho dua tshiab, tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob

Cov txheej txheem:

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha: kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho dua tshiab, tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob
Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha: kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho dua tshiab, tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob

Video: Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha: kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho dua tshiab, tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob

Video: Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha: kev ua haujlwm, qhov tshwm sim, kev kho dua tshiab, tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob
Video: Viên nội tiết tố nữ Aktiv Meno Doppelherz - Minh Hương chuyên hàng Đức - 0835191146 -Zalo 0915342887 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Tsis yog tag nrho cov kab mob pathological ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem zoo. Qee zaum, thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib lossis ntau ntu yuav tsum tau ua. Arthrodesis ntawm pob qij txha yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev phais. Nws lub hom phiaj yog kom tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus uas tsis siv tau, kho qhov axis ntawm qis qis thiab txhim kho cov qauv anatomical ntxiv rau hauv txoj haujlwm physiological. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej dab tsi yog arthrodesis ntawm pob qij txha ua? Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho dua tshiab? Xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no tom qab hauv kab lus.

Indications rau kev phais

Arthrodesis - ib qho kev cuam tshuam uas qhov kev sib koom ua ke yog immobilized thiab ruaj khov rau hauv txoj haujlwm xav tau. Kev xav tau kev phais yog qhov kev zam tsis tau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  1. Nkauj ntseeg vaj tswv. Qhov no tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm deformation ntawm interosseous hlws ris. Tej zaum nws yuav yog ib nrab lossis tiav. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm deformationmuaj kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv hauv kev sib koom ua ke (ntev tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov leeg, rupture ntawm ligaments, raug mob phom, ntau ntxiv ntawm pob qij txha).
  2. Kev txhim kho ntawm deforming mob caj dab. Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha, kev tshuaj xyuas uas tuaj yeem nyeem hauv qab no, yuav tsum tau ua rau cov kab mob purulent, traumatic thiab tuberculous pathology.
  3. Degenerative arthrosis nrog teeb meem. Pathological tej yam kev mob cuam tshuam cov kev hloov ntawm cov pob txha epiphyses.
  4. Kev mob polio.
  5. Ib pob txha uas kho tsis raug lossis kho tau yav dhau los.
  6. Yog tias yuav tsum cog ib feem lossis tag nrho cov kev sib koom ua ke, yog tias lwm yam kev cuam tshuam tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.
pob taws arthrodesis
pob taws arthrodesis

YContraindications

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob taws (qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thiab cov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj tom qab phais) raug txwv hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • txog rau thaum hluas, thaum lub cev musculoskeletal nyob rau theem loj hlob;
  • muaj cov tsis muaj tuberculous fistulas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm atypical mycobacteria;
  • kev kis tus kabmob hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam;
  • mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob, tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev sib tw.

Tom qab hnub nyoog 60 xyoo, kev phais pob qij txha tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj.

Type of intervention

Muaj tsib yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab cov txheej txheem siv:

  • Intra-articular arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob tawsua los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov pob txha pob txha.
  • txheej txheem ntxiv-articular tshwm sim los ntawm kev khi cov pob txha nrog cov khoom siv los ntawm lub cev ntawm tib tus neeg mob. Nws tuaj yeem siv hloov pauv hloov pauv.
  • Combined pob taws pob taws ua ke ua ke ob hom kev phais. Cov pob txha mos raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thiab cov pob txha raug khi nrog kev cog qoob loo los ntawm kev cog cov hlau tshwj xeeb.
  • Kev ncua ntev ntawm kev phais yog ua raws li pob txha pob txha. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob txha cov ntsiab lus tau kho nyob rau hauv physiologically immobilized txoj hauj lwm thiab rub tawm los ntawm lub apparatus. Hauv lwm lo lus, hom kev cuam tshuam no yog hu ua "pob taws fusion nrog Ilizarov apparatus".
  • Kev phais phais yog ua los ntawm kev kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib koom tes siv cov pins, hinges, rods thiab lwm yam khoom siv tshwj xeeb siv hauv kev puas tsuaj.
Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha tshwm sim
Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha tshwm sim

siv tshuaj loog

Kev tshuaj loog hauv zos tsis yog siv rau kev phais mob vim qhov tseeb tias kev siv tshuaj kho mob tshwm sim ntawm cov pob txha sib sib zog nqus thiab pob txha mos. Cov nram qab no hom tshuaj loog yog siv:

  • endotracheal anesthesia - tus neeg mob tau muab tso rau hauv qhov tshuaj loog pw tsaug zog los ntawm kev nqus cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb muab rau hauv daim ntawv gaseous;
  • tus txha caj qaum - tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub xeev kev nco qab, pom thiab hnov txhua yam, tab sis cov ceg qis qis yog immobilized kiag li thiab tsis muaj rhiab heev;
  • Ycombined anesthesia -txha caj qaum yog ua ke nrog rau immersion nyob rau hauv ib nrab pw tsaug zog lub xeev, siv rau cov neeg mob uas xav tsis thoob thiab rhiab heev.

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob taws, uas cov neeg mob kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntev heev, tuaj yeem kav li 2 mus rau 6 teev. Nws nyob ntawm seb tus mob loj npaum li cas, ntawm cov txheej txheem xaiv ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab kev xav tau siv cov khoom siv los ntawm tib tus neeg mob.

Kev npaj tus neeg mob

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob taws, uas cov neeg mob kev tshuaj xyuas qhia txog qhov tsim nyog npaj ua ntej, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob kom tiav. Raws li ua ntej kev cuam tshuam, tus neeg mob ua haujlwm yuav tsum xeem dhau kev kuaj ntshav, zis, biochemistry. Txiav txim siab lub xeev ntawm coagulation, hom ntshav thiab Rh yam. Kev kuaj kab mob HIV, syphilis, kab mob siab, x-rays yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

7 hnub ua ntej kev phais, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav coagulation thiab cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal anti-inflammatory. Hnub kawg, tsuas pub noj zaub mov xwb. Thaum sawv ntxov ua ntej kev cuam tshuam, txwv tsis pub noj thiab haus dej kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum siv tshuaj loog.

Nco ntsoov, thaum tus neeg mob nyob hauv tsev kho mob, nws yuav tsum tau npaj kom muaj cua nyob hauv tsev. Koj yuav tsum saib xyuas tej yam ua ntej:

  • tshem tawm cov ntaub nplaum nplaum;
  • tso cov xov hlau uas nyob hauv pem teb kom compactly kom tus neeg mob tsis txhob ntes lawv;
  • muas lev nrog lub khob nqus dej hauv chav dej kom tsis txhob txav mus rau hauv pem teb ntub;
  • tso tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tu cev kom ze li sai tau kom koj tsis txhob ncav cuag lawv.

Technique

Arthrodesis ntawm pob qij txha tom qab kev raug mob lossis cov txheej txheem sib kis uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo tau ua tiav nyob rau ntau theem:

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg mob pob qij txha arthrodesis
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg mob pob qij txha arthrodesis
  1. Qhov kev cuam tshuam yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab npog nrog cov ntaub qhwv tsis muaj menyuam.
  2. Nyob rau hauv qhov projection ntawm kev sib koom tes, ib qho kev txiav yog ua txog 15 cm nyob rau hauv ntev. Cov fascia thiab cov nqaij ntshiv raug muab tshem tawm hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg kom txog thaum cov pob qij txha raug coj tawm mus rau hauv qhov txhab.
  3. Cov pob txha mos raug tshem tawm, tsis tuaj yeem siv tau thiab raug mob ntawm cov leeg raug tshem tawm.
  4. Qhov chaw ntawm talus thiab tibia, uas yuav haum snugly rau ib leeg, yog tsim raws li. Qhov no yog ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim qhov tseeb axis ntawm sab ceg qis.
  5. Cov qauv tsim tau raug kho nrog cov khoom siv hlau tshwj xeeb hauv txoj kev ruaj khov.
  6. Tom qab ib ntus, cov pob txha pob txha yuav loj tuaj ua ke thiab cov pob qij txha yuav tsis muaj qhov zoo li qub. Nws cov haujlwm yuav raug xa mus rau lwm lub ntsiab lus.

Yuav ua li cas lwm cov pob qij txha ua haujlwm ntawm

Arthrodesis tsis yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb tsim tshwj xeeb rau pob qij txha. Ib yam li ntawd, cov kws kho mob raug mob tuaj yeem immobilizecov cheeb tsam anatomical hauv qab no:

  • hip pob qij txha - lub meniscus yog excised thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub femur yog tsau rau lub pelvic pob txha, cov pob qij txha tseem nyob twj ywm kiag li;
  • pob txha articulation ntawm lub hauv caug - tso cai tsuas yog thaum tsis muaj pathologies ntawm cov hlab plawv system;
  • xub pwg sib koom - kev cuam tshuam uas cov pob txha graft ntawm tus neeg mob nws tus kheej (kom qhov kev tsis lees paub tsis tshwm sim) lossis tus neeg pub dawb feem ntau siv;
  • metassophalangeal sib koom - lub hom phiaj ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog txhawm rau tshem tawm hallux valgus lossis iatrogenic deformity ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo, cov pob qij txha nyob twj ywm tom qab lub sijhawm rov qab los.
arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob taws daim duab
arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob taws daim duab

Qhov laj thawj uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov pob qij txha ntawm cov pob qij txha yog tag nrho cov saum toj no.

Lub sijhawm rov qab los

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob taws, daim duab uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm, yuav tsum tau ua kom rov qab mus ntev. Thawj hnub koj tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm txaj kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem tom qab tshuaj loog (kiv taub hau, mob taub hau, ntuav).

Tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj uas tsis yog tshuaj steroidal los tiv thaiv qhov mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm suppuration ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev txawv teb chaws (knitting koob, daim hlau, rods). Ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, kev nyiam yog muab rau cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg tshaj plaws rau tus neeg mob lub cev:

  1. YCephalosporins - "Cefotaxime","Ceftriaxone".
  2. Macrolides - "Erythromycin", "Clarithromycin".
  3. YPenicillins - Ampicillin, Ampiox.

Rau qee lub sijhawm tom qab kev ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau hnav lub plaster cam kom qhov chaw ntawm cov ceg qis qis tseem zoo li qub uas tau kho los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Lub sijhawm ntawm plaster tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 3-4 lub hlis.

rehabilitation tom qab pob taws arthrodesis
rehabilitation tom qab pob taws arthrodesis

Tus kws kho mob yuav qhia tus neeg mob thaum nws tuaj yeem ntub qhov chaw nkag. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no ntawm koj tus kheej txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob ntawm thaj chaw. Tom qab tshem tawm cov cam khwb cia, yuav tsum tau kuaj X-ray thib ob kom paub meej tias qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pob txha.

Thawj 2 lub hlis nws txwv tsis pub hla cov ceg ua haujlwm, yog li koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov cuab yeej thiab txav nrog lawv. 3 lub hlis tom qab x-ray, nrog kev tso cai los ntawm tus kws phais mob, koj tuaj yeem pib lean ntawm ceg thiab siv txoj kev kho lub cev ntawm kev kho mob.

Physiotherapy

Rehabilitation tom qab arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha muaj kev koom tes ntawm physiotherapy ce, massage thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub postoperative rov qab theem. Kev kho lub cev yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, vim tias nws ua tsaug rau cov neeg mob tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

Los ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem physiotherapeutic, tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv:

  1. Electrophoresis - thaj tsam ntawm pob taws pob taws cuam tshuamtsis tu ncua hluav taws xob impulses. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem muab cov tshuaj, txo qhov mob, nres qhov mob, tshem tawm qhov o, ua kom cov txheej txheem metabolic zoo, thiab ua kom cov ntshav xa mus rau qhov chaw phais.
  2. UHF - tus txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam los ntawm ultra-high zaus electromagnetic teb ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tshwm sim. UHF txhawb kev ua kom cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, kho cov pob txha thiab qhov txhab, txo qhov o, tshem tawm qhov mob, thiab txhawb cov ntshav ncig hauv zos.
  3. Magnetotherapy yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas siv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus. Mob thiab o raug tshem tawm, qhov muaj peev xwm kis tau ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam yog tiv thaiv, vascular elasticity nce thiab cov ntshav ncig hauv thaj tsam cuam tshuam zoo dua.
  4. Laser kho - nws muaj peev xwm siv tau qhov chaw thiab intraosseous txoj kev raug, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev kho mob thiab rov zoo tom qab cov kab mob ntawm cov pob qij txha.
Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha siv Ilizarov apparatus
Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha siv Ilizarov apparatus

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha, kev kho mob tom qab uas tuaj yeem kav ntev txog 8 lub hlis, xav kom tus neeg mob ua haujlwm tas li ntawm nws tus kheej. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws muaj peev xwm zam kev txhim kho cov teeb meem thiab rov ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm.

Muaj Teeb Meem

Raws li nrog kev cuam tshuam kev phais, pob taws pob taws tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam teeb meem:

  • kab mob sib koom nrog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm osteomyelitis;
  • ntshav, tsim hematoma;
  • paresthesia -kev puas siab puas ntsws raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov hlab ntsha me me;
  • tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke;
  • limping thiab lwm yam pathologies ntawm gait;
  • xav tau kev phais ntxiv;
  • thrombosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha sib sib zog nqus ntawm sab ceg;
  • thromboembolism ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj.

Nco ntsoov qhia tus kws kho mob txog cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • nce lub cev kub;
  • mob hnyav ntawm qhov chaw nkag;
  • nce puffiness;
  • muaj loog lossis tingling;
  • xiav libs lossis xim av;
  • pom ua pa luv, xeev siab, ntuav.

Disability

Arthrodesis ntawm pob taws pob qij txha, kev xiam oob qhab tom qab uas suav tias yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj, yuav tsum muaj kev cob qhia hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob ceg. Nrog rau lub sijhawm luv luv tom qab qhov kev cuam tshuam, kev xiam oob khab tuaj yeem ua tau, tab sis tsuas yog kom txog thaum kev kho kom rov qab ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

Raws li cov cai tau pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Labor, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev quab yuam immobilization ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum me me ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub, uas txhais tau hais tias kev tsis taus. tsis tsim nyog.

pob taws arthrodesis tshuaj xyuas
pob taws arthrodesis tshuaj xyuas

Los ntawm kev txiav txim, kev tsis taus tau lees paub los ntawm feem pua ntawm cov kab mob hauv xeev thiab qhov piv ntawm cov kab mob rau cov npe tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob muab. Nyob rau theem ntawm pathology mus txog 30%(kev soj ntsuam los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm MSEK commission) kev tsis taus yog tsis tsim, 40-60% - pawg thib peb, 70-80% - pawg thib ob, 90-100% - thawj pawg. Tus me nyuam tau txais qhov kev tsis taus nrog qhov ntsuas ntawm 40 txog 100%.

Kev hloov pauv me ntsis uas tus neeg muaj peev xwm saib xyuas nws tus kheej tsis koom nrog pawg saum toj no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm contracture thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov musculoskeletal functions tshwm sim los ntawm arthrodesis ntawm pob qij txha, qhov tshwm sim yog kev tsis taus, tsis muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus kheej thiab txaus siab rau cov kev xav tau, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws teeb meem tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Cov lus pov thawj tus neeg mob

Raws li cov neeg uas muaj txoj sia nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib koom tes, qhov no yog txoj kev phais ntev, uas yuav tsum tau muaj tus kws phais neeg muaj peev xwm. Thaum lub sij hawm kho kom zoo, ib qho tseem ceeb yog cov neeg mob pib tu siab rau lawv tus kheej thiab ua tsis tau raws li kev tawm dag zog txhua hnub. Nws yog cov kev tsis txaus no uas dhau los ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev muaj zog.

Qhov tsis muaj mob txawm tias nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm kev tawm dag zog tseem ceeb, ua tiav kev rov qab los, tsis muaj qhov tsis xis nyob hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam, zoo nkauj zoo nkauj yog qhov qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Pom zoo: