Immunological kuaj ntshav (immunogram): qhia, nta, txhais

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Immunological kuaj ntshav (immunogram): qhia, nta, txhais
Immunological kuaj ntshav (immunogram): qhia, nta, txhais

Video: Immunological kuaj ntshav (immunogram): qhia, nta, txhais

Video: Immunological kuaj ntshav (immunogram): qhia, nta, txhais
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Lub Xya hli ntuj
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Kev kuaj ntshav immunological yog ib txoj kev siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob los txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob loj thiab kab mob. Cov txiaj ntsig kev kuaj mob txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ntau yam ntawm cov hlwb thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha.

Kev tiv thaiv lub cev ua haujlwm li cas

Cov neeg txawv teb chaws (cov kab mob, kab mob, fungi, tshuaj thiab tshuaj lom) uas nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev hu ua antigens. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lymphocytes, tsom rau kev khi rau antigens thiab lawv cov inactivation ntxiv.

immunological kuaj ntshav
immunological kuaj ntshav

Kev loj hlob, kev sib txawv thiab tsim ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  • pob txha pob txha nyob hauv cov pob txha loj;
  • thymus;
  • tonsils;
  • lymph nodes.

Kev ntxuav cov ntshav los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws cuam tshuam nrog cov qe ntshav tshwm sim hauv tus po. Lymphocytes raug thauj thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab nqa mus rau ntau qhov chaw nrog cov kua dej ntws los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Kev qhia rau kev kuaj mob

Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav yog sau rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • nquag rov muaj kab mob kis kab mob;
  • kab mob hnyav;
  • kis tau los yog tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • muaj kab mob autoimmune;
  • kev tsis haum;
  • xav tau kev phais loj;
  • kev nyuaj siab tom qab;
  • saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev noj tshuaj immunomodulators hauv kev muaj zog;
  • anorexia;
  • kev npau taws ntau yam;
  • cov txheej txheem qog nqaij hlav;
  • mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
  • txhim kho cov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav thaum noj tshuaj.
Kev tshawb fawb biochemical
Kev tshawb fawb biochemical

Immunogram indicators are not deciphered by Laboratory Laboratory. Cov qhabnias ntawm qhov kev xeem raug soj ntsuam los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij tuaj koom.

Immunological kuaj ntshav

Tau txais cov txiaj ntsig kawg ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam suav nrog ntau yam kev ua ub no txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas qhov ntau thiab zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob - immunoglobulins. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia rau kev tsom xam, tus kws tshwj xeeb qhia tau hais tias qhov kev sib txuas hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm yamkev tiv thaiv yuav tsum raug ntsuas.

Immunogram ua tiav, tus nqi uas yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5-6 txhiab rubles, yog qhov kev kuaj mob ntev thiab ua haujlwm hnyav, yog li cov neeg ua haujlwm kuaj xyuas tsuas yog cov ntsuas uas tsim nyog rau tus kws kho mob.

Ntaus ntshav rau kev kawm txog cov hauv qab no tiv thaiv kab mob:

  1. Quantitative indicators of serum immunoglobulins M, A, G, E.
  2. Cov khoom sib txuas C3, C4-2.
  3. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
  4. Phagocytic index.
  5. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lymphocytes.
  6. Quantitative indicators of immune cell subpopulations.
immunogram ntsuas
immunogram ntsuas

Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb

Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau txiav txim siab qib thiab tsis muaj immunoglobulins. Qhov loj tshaj plaws (kwv yees li 75%) yog nyob los ntawm immunoglobulins G. Nws yog lawv cov uas muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau lub placental barrier los ntawm leej niam lub cev mus rau hauv lub fetus lub cev, tsim tus me nyuam txoj kev tiv thaiv system.

Yog tias qhov kev kuaj ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob qhia tau tias tsis txaus ntawm IgG, qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov qog ntawm lymphatic system ntawm qhov xwm txheej phem lossis tib neeg kev lag luam hauv kev loj hlob. Qib siab qhia txog kab mob siab, kab mob autoimmune lossis kis kab mob.

IgM nyob ib feem kaum ntawm tag nrho lwm cov immunoglobulins. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. IgMs suav nrog rheumatoid yam thiab tiv thaiv kab mob immunoglobulins. Cov qhab nia siab qhia txog kev loj hlobcirrhosis los yog kab mob siab.

IgA ua 15% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm immunoglobulins. Lawv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mucosal. Kev kuaj ntshav immunological qhia tau hais tias nce qib nrog kev txhim kho ntawm lupus erythematosus, mob caj dab rheumatoid, myeloma, cawv lom.

Thaum thawj 14 hnub muaj mob, IgA tshwm. Rau lwm 7 hnub, IgM koom nrog lawv tus lej. Thaum kawg ntawm lub hli los ntawm qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chav kawm A, M thiab G tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav, thaum tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv kev kho mob, IgA thiab IgG tseem nyob hauv cov hlab ntsha, tab sis lawv cov cim qhia tau txo qis. los ntawm 2-4 zaug.

immunogram nqi
immunogram nqi

Muaj IgE thiab IgD. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim nrog kev ua xua tshwm sim thiab helminthic invasions. Hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv, lawv muaj tus nqi qis.

Alloimmune antibodies

Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev rau cov antigens ntawm erythrocytes. Lawv cov khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm Rh-tsis sib haum xeeb cev xeeb tub lossis ntshav ntshav. Nws yog raws li kev lees paub ntawm Rh yam ntawm cov ntshav pub dawb li txawv teb chaws.

Kev tshuaj xyuas yog muab rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • lub sijhawm yug me nyuam rau kev tiv thaiv Rh-kev tsis sib haum xeeb;
  • saib xyuas cov poj niam cev xeeb tub uas muaj Rh yam tsis zoo;
  • keeb kwm ntawm nchuav menyuam;
  • txhim kho tus kab mob hemolytic ntawm tus menyuam mos;
  • kuaj tus neeg mob ua ntej muab ntshav.

Anti-sperm antibodies

Immunogram, tus nqi uas qhia txog kev sivCov txheej txheem kuaj pom zoo, tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav. Txoj kev no yog siv los ua ib qho kev kuaj mob ntxiv ntawm kev muaj menyuam hauv cov khub niam txiv.

immunological kuaj ntshav
immunological kuaj ntshav

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem kuaj tsis tau tsuas yog hauv cov ntshav, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qeev ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov phev, hauv cov plasma ntawm cov kua dej. Doubtful ntsuas yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 55-60 U / ml. Thaum tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, rov kuaj dua tom qab 14 hnub.

Immunodeficiency conditions

Txhais qhov txawv ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab immunodeficiency xeev. Primary - congenital, tshwm sim los ntawm pathology ntawm qib noob. Secondary - tau, uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub neej nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab lom yam.

Tseem tseem muaj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwm sim ntawm qee theem ntawm lub cev kev loj hlob:

  • immunodeficiency ntawm tus menyuam mos - vim kev hloov pauv ntawm niam txiv immunoglobulins hauv cov ntshav mus rau kev tsim tawm ntawm lawv tus kheej;
  • cev xeeb tub tiv thaiv kab mob - tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ua ntawm placental steroids ntawm kev ua si ntxiv;
  • senile immunodeficiency - vim qhov txo qis hauv kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txo qis hauv phagocytic kev ua haujlwm ntawm neutrophils, macrophages, bactericidal kev ua ntawm cov ntshav.
immunological kuaj ntshav decoding
immunological kuaj ntshav decoding

Txhawm rau kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev txhim kho cov kab mob pathological, sivkho cov hauv paus ntsiab lus:

  1. Immune engineering - pob txha pob txha, daim siab, hloov thymus, kev tswj hwm immunoglobulin, hemosorption, immunosorption.
  2. Qhia txog cov tshuaj hormones thiab cov neeg nruab nrab - interferon, interleukin, thymus hormonal yam.
  3. Kev kho mob.

Txoj cai npaj rau kev tsom xam

Kev tshawb fawb txog biochemical yuav tsum tau noj cov ntshav venous thaum sawv ntxov (ntawm plab khoob txog 12:00). Hnub ua ntej cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg cawv, haus luam yeeb, txwv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Thaum sawv ntxov ua ntej mus rau chav kuaj, koj tsuas haus dej xwb.

immunogram tsom xam
immunogram tsom xam

Tsis txhob noj tshuaj rau hnub pub ntshav. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ces qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj mob txog qhov xwm txheej no kom qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsis raug yuam kev. Cov kev tshawb fawb biochemical tau ua tiav ua ntej cov txheej txheem kuaj mob thiab kho.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev

Immunological kuaj ntshav, kev txhais lus uas yog ua los ntawm tus kws tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, muaj cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:

  • muaj peev xwm tau txais cov txiaj ntsig raug;
  • txhais cov kab mob nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev loj hlob;
  • ua kev kho tshuaj kho mob tom qab txiav txim siab qhov piv ntawm cov ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • pab nrog kev kuaj mob nyuaj.

Qhov tsis zoo yog cov txheej txheem kuaj mob ntev thaum nws tsim nyog los soj ntsuam daim duab tag nrho, vim muaj cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob uas yuav tsum tau suav rov ua kom muaj nuj nqisntsuas, tus lej loj.

Zoo kawg

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov kev soj ntsuam txhim khu kev qha thiab raug. Nws qhov kev siv yuav tsum muaj cov kws tshaj lij hauv chav kuaj. Kev txiav txim siab yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv, paub meej lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev kuaj mob, xaiv qhov kev kho mob zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis.

Pom zoo: