Lymph nodes yog ib hom kev kuaj litmus, qhia tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub cev lossis kis tau tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, lawv loj hlob thiab ua heev ntom.
Nco ntsoov! Hauv ib tus neeg noj qab haus huv, cov qog ntshav qab zib yog elastic, sib npaug thiab txawb. Tsis tas li ntawd, hnov lawv, ib tug neeg tsis muaj kev mob.
Cov qog ntshav qab zib (LN) nyob qhov twg? Lawv nyob hauv cov pab pawg hauv cheeb tsam inguinal, armpits, nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub folds ntawm ceg ceg (uas yog, caj npab thiab ob txhais ceg), nyob rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm lub hauv siab thiab peritoneum, nyob rau hauv lub caj dab (piv txwv li, posterior lymph node)., thiab nrog rau cov hlab ntsha.
Note! LN hauv thaj tsam ntawm peritoneum lossis sternum tsis tuaj yeem hnov. Qee lub sij hawm lawv qhov kev nce ntxiv yog yuam kev rau mob plab hnyuv.
lymph yog dab tsi? Nws yog cov kua, viscous nyob rau hauv sib xws thiab tsis muaj xim kiag li. Lub lymphatic system nws tus kheej suav nrog ntau tus capillaries, hlab ntsha thiab ducts,nqa lymph.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib
Lymph nodes, ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov hlab ntsha, tab sis kuj rau tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ua ntau yam haujlwm:
- Kev thauj mus los. Lymph txhawb nqa kev thauj mus los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib ua haujlwm hauv hom kev ua kom muaj zog; nkag mus ntawm cov protein molecules rau hauv plasma (lawv tsis tshua kov yeej cov phab ntsa ntawm cov ntshav capillary, tab sis yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv cov qog ntshav los ntawm nws cov kab mob capillary); nrog rau kev qhia cov kab mob sib kis, cov kua dej, cov molecules loj thiab me rau hauv lub cev txoj kev ncig.
- Immune (uas yog, tiv thaiv). Hauv LU, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lymphocytes, phagocytes thiab lwm yam.
- Kev lim. Nws yog cov kab mob lymphatic uas yog lim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob tsis zoo tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microflora me me, ces LU tiv nrog nws "ntawm nws tus kheej". Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tiav, ces cov qog ntshav qab zib (uas feem ntau ntawm cov hlwb txawv teb chaws lossis cov kab mob microbes loj dhau) ua rau mob thiab loj tuaj.
- Sib pauv. Cov plab hnyuv LUs koom nrog hauv cov protein, lipid, vitamin-carbohydrate metabolism, nrog rau cov txheej txheem digestive.
- Txoj kev. Tag nrho cov khoom txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob (lawv xa los ntawm lymph) nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom kab mob no raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb hu ua "macrophages", thiab lub cev tau ntxuav.
- Reserve. Lymph nodes yog ib hom"reservoir" rau khaws cov qog ntshav uas muaj cov lymphocytes.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lymphatic system muaj ntau haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev swb yeej muaj qhov tshwm sim rau lub cev tag nrho.
cov qog ntshav qab zib nyob qhov twg
LUs ncaj qha nyob qhov twg? Lawv tuaj yeem nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub cev (piv txwv li, tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog), uas tuaj yeem ua palpated, lossis hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov pab pawg kawg ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib tsis tuaj yeem hnov. Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tshawb pom tau siv cov txheej txheem siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Qhov chaw ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam hais lus rau nws tus kheej: lawv nyob rau sab nraub qaum. Thiab kom paub meej dua, lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov qis (uas yog, thaj tsam mastoid) ntawm cov pob txha ntawm lub cev thiab cov pob txha caj dab.
Raws li txoj cai, cov qog qog noj ntshav tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam "sawv zov" txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab mob ua pa. Qhov loj ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam tom qab LU hauv lub xeev ib txwm yog li 0.5-50 hli. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no siab dua, ces koj yuav tsum ceev faj thiab sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Nws puas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov nce hauv LU los ntawm palpation
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tias cov qog ntshav qab zib hauv tsev menyuam tau loj dua, tej zaum ntawm koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tsuas yog tig koj lub taub hau mus rau sab (piv txwv li, sab laug) thiab muab koj lub xib teg rau pem hauv ntej ntawm caj dab sab xis. Lub sijhawm no, koj yuav hnov (hauv xib teg ntawm koj txhais tes) li cas cov leeg ntawm pob ntseg thiab pob ntseg (nws lub npe suab zoo li sternocleidomastoid) tau ncab. Tab sis raws nws qab ntug, koj tuaj yeem hnov qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog noj ntshav (daim duab qhia saum toj no).
Nyob rau ntawm ntug anterior ntawm cov leeg nyob rau hauv kev kawm yog cov anterior cervical lymph nodes.
Tom qab ntawd ua raws li cov txheej txheem tib yam, tig koj lub taub hau mus rau sab xis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qog ntshav yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nrog cov ntiv tes teem rau ntawm lub caj dab.
Kev txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis vim lawv qhov me me. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog mos heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kom paub qhov tseeb, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog ntshav loj
Qhia tias cov qog nqaij hlav tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam loj:
- Lu ua convex thiab bumpy, uas yog, muaj kev hloov hauv lawv cov qauv thiab sib xws.
- Qee zaum adhesions tsim nrog cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nodes kiag li poob lawv kev mus.
- Ntau zaus thaum mob qog nqaij hlav, qhov mob tseem ceeb tshwm sim thaum lub taub hau tig los yog tig.
- Enlarged posterior cervical lymph nodes tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis xis nyob thaum nqos.
Kev muaj qhov liab, pob khaus thiab o hauv cheeb tsam LU
Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem pom:
- poob qab los;
- tawm hws ntau ntxiv (piv txwv li hyperhidrosis);
- nce lub cev kub;
- khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- ib lub xeev ntawm qaug zog, qaug zog thiab ua tsis taus pa;
- pain syndrome hauvpob qij txha thiab taub hau;
- xeev siab.
Ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav o
Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav tom tsev menyuam? Yog vim li cas rau lawv nce:
- Kab mob (fungal, viral thiab bacterial).
- Parasitic invasion.
- kab mob tshwj xeeb (xws li syphilis lossis tuberculosis).
- Toxoplasmosis.
- ARVI.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws.
- Ntau yam malformations: lymphangiectasia (uas yog, vasodilation), hypoplasia (los yog kev loj hlob tsis txaus ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov qog ntshav), lymphangiomatosis (qhov hu ua kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tsis zoo).
- Posterior ncauj tsev menyuam qog nqaij hlav loj? Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav dag nyob rau hauv lub dysfunction ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Malignant neoplasms (xws li lymphocytic leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, lymphoma, lymphosarcoma, lossis lymphangioma).
- Rubella.
- Kev puas tsuaj (piv txwv li, ntog, xwm txheej) lossis raug mob rau LN (lossis cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig lawv) thaum phais.
- AIDS.
- Cov txheej txheem mob (piv txwv li, lymphangitis lossis lymphadenitis hauv cheeb tsam).
Note! Tsis tshua muaj, cov kab mob metabolic, kev ua xua, kev quav dej quav cawv thiab cov thyroid kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav loj.
Cia peb nyob ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Lymphadenitis
Nws yog tus kab mob inflammatory uas muab cov tsos mob tshwm sim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav loj, uasua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no mob heev thiab heev motionless. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov o ntawm ib qho chaw hauv zos thiab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij hla LN. Raws li tus kab mob loj tuaj, tus neeg mob yuav ua kom txias thiab ua kom lub cev kub.
Lymphadenitis pib nrog theem catarrhal-hyperplastic, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv purulent thiab lymphadenoma. Feem ntau, qhov mob no qhia tau tias qee qhov kev hloov pauv pathological tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev.
Nyob rau theem ntawm catarrhal lymphadenitis, nrog rau kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm thiab kev kho mob, muaj feem ntau ntawm kev daws cov txheej txheem mob hauv cov qog ntshav. Nyob rau theem purulent ntawm tus kab mob, nws tsis zoo li yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj kev phais mob (uas yog, qhib lub abscess, ntxuav cov kab noj hniav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov kua dej).
Rubella
Koj kis tau tus kab mob no li cas? Muaj peb txoj hauv kev:
- Intrauterine. Qhov ntawd yog, los ntawm leej niam uas muaj tus kab mob los ntawm cov placenta, tus kab mob kis mus rau tus menyuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus menyuam tau txais tus kabmob rubella.
- Hu rau. Kev kis kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog tus neeg mob uas twb muaj lawm.
- Airborne.
Nrog rau tus kab mob no, cov qog ntshav qog ua rau mob li 2-3 teev ua ntej cov pob liab liab tshwm rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Ntxiv mus, LNs ua mob, tab sis adhesions tsis pom. Tus neeg mob rubella raug cais tawm tam sim ntawd thiab tau txais kev kho mob tsim nyog.
Lub sijhawm incubation ntawm tus kab mob no yog li 15-24 hnub. Tus kab mob no tsis yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm qhov txaus ntshai yog tias tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom hauv tus menyuam. Nws yog lwm qhov teeb meem yog tias rubella tau pom hauv tus poj niam cev xeeb tub. Hauv qhov no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau tus menyuam (piv txwv li, qhov muag tsis pom kev).
Kev kuaj kab mob
Ua ntej, tus kws kho mob ua qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib thiab lawv palpation. Cov cim tseem ceeb yog qhov loj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, lawv qhov sib xws, qhov tshwm sim lossis tsis muaj qhov mob thaum lawv hnov, nrog rau kev sib txuas nrog cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog tias pom qhov loj me tab sis tsis mob qog nqaij hlav, ces feem ntau qhov no qhia tau hais tias tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam kab mob uas ua rau lub qhov ntswg yooj yim los yog mob caj pas. Los yog tej zaum yog vim li cas rau qhov nce ntawm LU nyob rau hauv caries ntawm cov hniav. Yog tias cov qog nqaij hlav loj zuj zus thiab tus neeg mob hnov mob thaum palpation, nws zoo li qhov no qhia tias muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory ncaj qha rau hauv cov qog ntshav.
Kev tshwm sim xws li muaj cov qog ntshav qog ntshav thiab ua kom zoo nkauj hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cov qog ntshav tuaj yeem qhia tau tias muaj qog nqaij hlav.
Tom ntej no, tus kws kho mob tau tshaj tawm tag nrho cov kev kuaj sim, thiab, nyob ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig, muab kev xa mus rau cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xws li hematologist, kws kho hniav, kws phais, kws kho mob dermatologist, oncologist, otolaryngologist lossis tus kws kho mob kis mob tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj mob kom raug raws li qhov ua tau, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no ntawm kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem raug sau ntxiv:
- PCR (uas yog, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polymerase), uas tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuastus neeg mob ntawm ib tug kab mob ntawm ib tug hereditary thiab kis kab mob (ob leeg nyob rau theem ntawm exacerbation thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug mob daim ntawv). Txoj kev tshawb no pab txiav txim seb tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob thiab nws qhov xwm txheej.
- US LU.
- Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub xeev ntawm pob txha pob txha liab (piv txwv li sternal puncture).
- Posterior lymph node biopsy, thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub so ntswg los yog hlwb raug sau.
Kev kho mob
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob LU, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nrhiav lub hauv paus ua rau tus kab mob no. Raws li txoj cai, qhov chaw ntawm tus kab mob yog nyob rau thaj tsam tam sim ntawd ntawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav. Txhawm rau kom tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xaiv txoj kev kho kom zoo, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom tiav. Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi ua rau cov txheej txheem inflammatory, ib lossis lwm txoj kev kho mob yuav raug sau tseg:
- Txhua yam kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal, kab mob thiab kab mob uas ua rau mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam cov qog ntshav qab zib, raws li txoj cai, raug kho nrog tshuaj pleev. Tsuas yog thaum muaj kab mob loj heev (tom qab txhua qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas) tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Rau oncology, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav pom zoo rau kev kho tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob, lossis kev phais. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txheeb xyuas thiab pib kho raws sijhawm raws sijhawm.
- Yog hais tias tom qab lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog loj zuj zus vim muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, ces koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb xws li kws tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, leej twg yuav sau cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog.
- Kho mob tautau sau ntau yam tshuaj kho mob.
- Yog qhov ua rau mob LUs yog kab mob ntawm cov hniav, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev huv huv ntawm qhov ncauj. Thiab ces kev kho mob raws li nram no.
Raws li kev kho mob ntxiv, txoj kev kho lub cev xws li:
- kho mob ultrasound;
- laser kho;
- ultraviolet irradiation;
- galvanization;
- UHF.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej yog qhov txaus ntshai. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab sau cov kev ntsuas tsim nyog. Cia li nco ntsoov.
tshuaj ntsuab
Yog tias qhov mob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis mob hnyav, ces qee qhov kev siv pej xeem tuaj yeem siv los tawm tsam tus kab mob. Tab sis nco ntsoov: ua ntej pib kho tus kheej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tshwj xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd ua txhua yam kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev saib xyuas. Txwv tsis pub, koj tuaj yeem ua rau qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua nrog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Nov yog qee cov zaub mov txawv:
- Npaj ua echinacea tincture yuav los ntawm lub khw muag tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no tsis tsuas yog pab txo qhov mob ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam qog noj ntshav, tab sis kuj tseem pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Peb npaj cov tshuaj sib tov raws li hauv qab no: ntxiv 10 tee ntawm tincture rau boiled thiab chilled dej (1 khob). Peb haus cov tshuaj npaj thaum nruab hnub rau 4 koob tshuaj. Kev kho mob yog mus txog thaum tus kab mob no tau muab tshem tawm tag.
- Canadian goldenseal, hmoov. Cov nroj tsuag muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev, tab sis muaj ib qho tsis zoo - nws tuaj yeem ua rau plab zom mov (kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no, peb pom zoo kom ntxiv cov kua mis fermented ntxiv rau koj cov khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm kho). Peb npaj cov dej haus raws li hauv qab no: ntxiv hauv paus hmoov (1 diav qab zib) rau dej (1 khob). Peb haus nws peb zaug ib hnub twg rau ½ teaspoon (los yog ¼).
- Aloe kua txiv, uas tuaj yeem noj 1 tablespoon txhua hnub. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum xyuas seb puas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau cov nroj tsuag no. Yog muaj, ces koj yuav tsum tsis kam noj aloe kua txiv.
- Yaug (3-4 zaug hauv ib hnub) nrog decoctions ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab xws li chamomile, mint lossis calendula.
- Yaug nrog sib tov (3-4 zaug hauv ib hnub) npaj raws li hauv qab no: dilute ntsev (1/2 teaspoon) thiab dej qab zib (1/2 teaspoon) hauv dej kub (1 khob). Tom qab qhov sib tov tau txias rau qhov ntsuas kub, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov txheej txheem.
- Vishnevsky tshuaj pleev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txheej nyias ntawm cov kab mob LU (zoo dua thaum hmo ntuj).
Qhov tseem ceeb! Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis txhob nthuav cov qog mus rau lub tshav kub (siv sov compresses los yog ib tug cua sov ncoo), tsis txhob lubricate lawv nrog iodine thiab tsis txhob rub lawv. Txhua yam no tuaj yeem xaus rau qhov phem heev.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev mob qog nqaij hlav yog kho cov zaub mov, uas yog:
- Zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum nyob ntawm lub rooj. Noj ntxivvitamin C (noj txhua hnub - txog 1000 mg).
- Khoom noj xws li qej thiab dos ua rau cov ntshav dawb suav thiab yog tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj. Noj lawv txhua hnub.
