Txog rau xyoo pua 19th, feem ntau kev phais mob tau xaus rau tus neeg mob tuag los ntawm kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Hmoov zoo, xws li kev ua tiav hauv cov tshuaj raws li tshuaj tua kab mob tau txo qis feem pua ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm septicopyemia mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Kev phais niaj hnub ua tiav siv ntau hom tshuaj tua kab mob, uas peb yuav tham hauv kab lus no.
tshuaj tua kab mob yog dab tsi thiab nws yog dab tsi?
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microbes nrog purulent o ntawm qhov txhab raug xav tias los ntawm cov kws kho mob thaum ub uas tsis nco qab siv cov khoom ntuj tsim nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam tiag tiag ntawm kev phais mob tau pib nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum tus kws kho mob Askiv J. Lister tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm uas nws tau piav qhia txog nws txoj kev kho cov pob txha qhib nrog 5% kev daws ntawm carbolic acid. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub sijhawm tshiab hauv kev phais tau pib, qhov twg, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov tshuaj, ntau thiab ntau hom tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab tau tshwm sim.
Antiseptics nyob rau hauv niaj hnub terminology txhais tau tias ib txheej ntawm kev ntsuas thiab manipulations tsom rauuas yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau lawv cov spores thiab co toxins hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab macroorganisms. Nrog rau qhov no, lo lus "asepsis" yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev phais, uas txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microbes hauv qhov txhab. Cov txheej txheem Asepsis kuj suav nrog kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov cuab yeej phais thiab cov khoom siv. Raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tshuaj loog thiab cov ntshav pab pawg, hom asepsis thiab antisepsis uas qhib rau kev phais hauv lub xyoo pua 19th tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws yog los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd cov kws phais tau pib ua haujlwm ntau dua qhov yav dhau los suav tias pheej hmoo (yuav luag 100% tuag) kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv siab thiab plab kab noj hniav.
hom tshuaj tua kab mob tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub
Asepsis, tau kawg, yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev phais thiab feem ntau tsis tas yuav muaj kev ntsuas ntxiv, txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev xyaum tau pom, kev tsis lees paub tag nrho ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Hom tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov tshuaj tuaj yeem raug muab faib raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov. Hauv thawj kis, hom tshuaj tua kab mob suav nrog:
- Mechanical antiseptic.
- Physical.
- tshuaj.
- Biological.
- Mixed.
Raws li txoj kev siv, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tau muab faib ua:
- Local nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev kho mob ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv zos tuaj yeem yog qhov tob thiab tob. Superficial txhais tau hais tias chav dej ntawm qhov txhab thiab kev raug mob (ntxuav nrog kev daws, kev kho nrog hmoov,tshuaj pleev, compresses), thiab sib sib zog nqus antisepsis yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm tshuaj thiab lom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
- General, implying infusion saturation ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav thiab lymph nrog tshuaj antiseptic (infusion ntawm droppers).
Mechanical antiseptic
Mechanical antiseptic yog siv cov cuab yeej phais thiab suav nrog:
- Chav dej ntawm qhov chaw raug mob: ntxuav lub qhov txhab ntawm cov ntshav txhaws thiab cov kua paug, yog tias muaj.
- Kev kho mob tseem ceeb: yog tias tsim nyog, kev txiav tawm ntawm cov npoo thiab hauv qab ntawm qhov txhab, tshem tawm lub cev txawv teb chaws thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, kev phais phais.
- Kev kho mob thib ob yog ua tiav thaum kis mob ntawm qhov raug mob tshwm sim thiab suav nrog rov kho qhov txhab, kua dej, tshem tawm cov kua dej tawm, fibrin thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tuag.
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Lub cev tshuaj tua kab mob suav nrog cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microbes thiab kev nqus ntawm lawv cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm tus neeg mob cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob lub cev muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- Kev hnav khaub ncaws hygroscopic los kos tawm qhov zais cia ntawm qhov txhab uas zoo rau kev tsim cov kab mob microbes. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no suav nrog: paj rwb ntaub plaub, ntaub qhwv, ntaub so ntswg.
- Hypertonic daws yog siv ua ke nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws.
- Draining agents ua raws li kev sib txuas lus cov hlab ntsha, cov txheej txheem muaj nyob rau hauv ntwsntxuav lub qhov txhab.
- Technical txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ultrasound, ultraviolet, X-ray, laser thiab oxygenation. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob microbes nrog kev ua haujlwm siab.
tshuaj tua kab mob
Tshuaj tua kab mob suav nrog kev ntsuas los rhuav tshem cov kab mob microbes hauv qhov txhab lossis tus neeg mob lub cev siv tshuaj, ntawm cov no yog:
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv hauv asepsis rau kev kho cov cuab yeej phais, qhov chaw ntawm cov plag tsev, phab ntsa, thiab lwm yam.
- Tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab suav nrog ntau hom tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv daim ntawv ntawm alkalis, kev daws cov ntsev, acids, oxidizing agents, thiab lwm yam. tsis kam ntawm cov kab mob rau cov tshuaj, nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm khaws cia ntev thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev.
- Tshuaj khomob yog siv rau kev kho mob lossis kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tau sawv cev los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov kab mob microbes tsis yog hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tus neeg mob, tab sis thoob plaws hauv nws lub cev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kis tus txheej txheem inflammatory sab nraum lub tsom xam ntawm tus kab mob. Cov tshuaj kws khomob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov tshuaj tsis yog vim lawv qhov dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau hom kab mob), tab sis kuj yog vim lawv qhov nqaim.
YBiological antiseptics
Tshuaj tua kab mob lom neeg suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm lom neeg uas tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha rau cov kab mob thiab tsis ncaj. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob lom muaj xws li:
- Tshuaj tua kab mob lom neeg yog tsim los ntawm qee yam kab mob, fungi. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob sib txawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob los yog ua rau kom tag nrho cov microbes tuag.
- Anatoxins ntawm qee cov kab mob kis tau rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov neeg noj qab haus huv los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob no.
- Bacteriophages yog cov kab mob (feem ntau hu ua cov kab mob noj) uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kab mob hauv lub cev.
- Tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb (interferons, interleukins).
YMixed antiseptic
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob sib xyaw siv txoj hauv kev thiab txhais tau tias ntawm txhua hom tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qhov sib sau. Raws li kev sib koom ua ke yog siv:
- Inorganic antiseptics.
- Synthetic analogues ntawm biological agents.
- Synthetically ua organics.
Hom tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntoo thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev
Ntau yam kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau rotting thiab decomposition txheej txheem tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj lub cev, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv xws li ntoo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom ntoo hauv sab hauv thiab sab nrauv los ntawm kab puas tsuajthiab tsev nceb, ntau hom ntoo antiseptics yog siv hauv kev tsim kho. Lawv tuaj yeem yog:
- Inorganic antiseptics muaj cov ntxhia hauv paus thiab sawv cev los ntawm cov ntsev hlau uas ua kom zoo tag nrho cov kab ntawm cov khoom ntoo. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm sodium fluoride, ammonium, nrog rau sodium fluoride thiab ammonium fluoride.
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob organic yog cov tshuaj lom, feem ntau cov roj-raws li (creosote, semi-coke, anthracene roj, shale, thiab lwm yam).
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob sib xyaw ua ke muaj ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj lom. Piv txwv li: Chlorodon, Chlorophos, Phenol, Carbolenium.
