Kev tuag yog Cov neeg tuag coob

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tuag yog Cov neeg tuag coob
Kev tuag yog Cov neeg tuag coob

Video: Kev tuag yog Cov neeg tuag coob

Video: Kev tuag yog Cov neeg tuag coob
Video: Strabismus: Everything You Need To Know 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Lub sijhawm ntawm tib neeg lub neej nyob ntawm ntau yam. Mortality yog ib qho kev ntsuas, qhov piv ntawm cov neeg tuag rau tag nrho cov pejxeem. Kev lig kev cai, cov xwm txheej tuag tau muab faib ua 2 pawg: endogenous thiab exogenous. Thawj pab pawg muaj xws li kev laus ntawm lub cev, congenital malformations, hereditary kab mob thiab lwm yam uas nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv lom ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab nws heredity. Exogenous yog txuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog xwm txheej, kab mob sib kis, lom, mob plab zom mov thiab ua pa thiab lwm yam kev raug mob.

Endogenous factor

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm endogenous yam tshwm sim los ntawm kev laus ntawm lub cev, yog li nws yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Tab sis tus neeg nws tus kheej thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig nws muaj peev xwm kho me ntsis qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm endogenous yam ntawm lub cev. Qhov no qhia txog qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm randomness rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej no. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, lub caij nyoog yuav tsis tsim nyog, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag thiab hnub nyoog yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Exogenous factor

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm exogenous yam ntawm tib neeg lub cev, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog random, random. Qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yog qhov tseeb los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tib yam ua rau tib neeg tuag tuaj yeem yog ntau yam sab nraud.

yug thiab tuag tus nqi yog
yug thiab tuag tus nqi yog

Kev tuag raws li qhov taw qhia

Kev tuag yog qhov qhia tau qhia txog lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg. Tus neeg tuag tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub teb chaws, qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm txoj cai raws li cov tub ceev xwm. Qhov taw qhia tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yuav yog cov cim qhia xws li kev tuag ntawm leej niam, kev tuag ntawm tus menyuam mos, kev tuag los ntawm lwm qhov ua rau - lom, raug mob, kev tuag ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub neej expectancy ntawm cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej. Hauv cov tshuaj, cov pejxeem kev tuag yog qhov ntsuas ntau uas qhia txog tus lej ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm ib tus kabmob tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov pejxeem nruab nrab.

kev tuag yog
kev tuag yog

Tus nqi tuag yog qhov qhia tau tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tuag nyob rau ib xyoos nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg nyob nruab nrab txhua xyoo. Nws raug suav hais tias yog dav dav thiab xyaum tsis tsim nyog rau txhua qhov kev sib piv, vim nws qhov txiaj ntsig rau feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hnub nyoog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tib neeg. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, thawj qhov kev kwv yees kwv yees tau ua tiav.

tus nqi yug, tus nqi tuag

Kev yug me nyuam thiab kev tuag yog qhov qhia tau zoo uas qhia txog qhov loj ntawm cov pejxeem thiab nws qhov kev hloov pauv. Fertility yoglub peev xwm ntawm cov pejxeem loj hlob los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tus naj npawb ntawm yug ntawm 1000 tus neeg nyob rau ib xyoos. Mortality yog qhov opposite ntawm fertility. Nws yog xam raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg uas tuag nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, tab sis feem ntau raws li ib tug txheeb ze los yog tus nqi tshwj xeeb. Kev yug me nyuam thiab kev tuag yog cov cim qhia raws li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pejxeem suav.

Population change

pej xeem kev tuag yog
pej xeem kev tuag yog

Lub ntuj txav ntawm cov pejxeem qhia tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xeeb tub thiab kev tuag, vim tias qhov kev txuas ntxiv mus tas li thiab hloov pauv ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tus nqi yug me nyuam tshaj qhov kev tuag, ib tug yuav saib tau ib tug natural nce nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem; nyob rau hauv lub opposite rooj plaub, ib tug natural txo. Txhawm rau qhia qhov kev siv ntawm fertility, tag nrho fertility tus nqi feem ntau yog siv. Muab xam raws li tus naj npawb ntawm yug hauv ib xyoos nyob rau hauv 1000 inhabitants.

Tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tuag, fertility thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev loj hlob ntawm ntuj - tag nrho cov no yog cov khoom ntawm cov pejxeem kev loj hlob. Muaj ob hom kev tsim cov pej xeem. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab kev tuag tsawg, thiab, yog li ntawd, ntuj nce. Hom no tau tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho. Hom thib ob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pejxeem thiab cov neeg tuag tsawg. Siv feem ntau rau cov teb chaws tsim kho.

Indicatorsme nyuam mos tuag

Kev tuag ntawm menyuam mos yog kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej. Qhov ntsuas no muaj ntau tshaj qhov kev tuag ntawm lwm pab pawg hnub nyoog, tshwj tsis yog rau hnub nyoog laus thiab cov laus. Kev txo qis hauv cov menyuam mos tuag ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub neej expectancy. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim thaum xam qhov ntsuas. Piv txwv li, ib tug me nyuam yug hauv ib lub xyoo thiab tuag nyob rau hauv lwm yam. Muaj ib qho kev hloov kho, uas yog suav nrog cov qauv Rats: tus naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tuag hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv 2/3 ntawm cov neeg yug los ciaj sia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo qhia thiab 1/3 ntawm cov neeg yug los ciaj sia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo. xyoo dhau los.

tus me nyuam tuag yog
tus me nyuam tuag yog

Raws li WHO cov lus pom zoo, kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam mos yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb tsis yog ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus qauv ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntawm cov pejxeem, qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm niaj hnub no, kev tuag ntawm cov me nyuam mos muaj ntau dua li cov neeg tuag hauv lwm pab pawg hnub nyoog.

niam txiv tuag yog
niam txiv tuag yog

Kev tuag ntawm niam txiv hauv tebchaws Russia thiab thoob ntiaj teb

Raws li WHO cov lus pom zoo, lo lus no hais txog tag nrho cov poj niam tuag los ntawm kev xeeb tub (tsis hais nws lub sijhawm) uas tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub lossis hauv 42 hnub tom qab ua tiav. Kev xwm txheej los yog xwm txheej raug cais tawm. Maternal mortality yog lwm qhov qhia txog kev tuag ntawm cov pejxeem. Nws yog xam raws li qhov piv ntawm cov neeg tuagthaum cev xeeb tub, yug me nyuam nws tus kheej thiab thawj 42 hnub rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov yug menyuam, muab 100 txhiab

Kev tuag ntawm niam muaj xws li kev tuag ncaj qha (kev xa tsis raug, kev yug menyuam, kev saib xyuas tom qab yug menyuam, thiab lwm yam) thiab kev tuag tsis ncaj ncees (vim yog cov kab mob ua ntej uas tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub).

Tus nqi tuag hauv Russia

Raws li rau Russia, qhov nce kev tuag tau yog ib qho qauv rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo. Nws yog kev cob cog rua, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nrog cov laus ntawm cov pejxeem. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau, cov neeg tuag tsawg dua hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov neeg laus dua. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, thaj tsam Tver thiab Pskov.

tus nqi tuag yog
tus nqi tuag yog

Cov xwm txheej Lavxias teb sab ntawm supermortality yog tshwm sim hauv lub hnub nyoog ua haujlwm ntawm cov pejxeem. Piv rau feem ntau lub teb chaws uas muaj theem kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam piv rau Russia, kev tuag nyob rau hauv Russia yog 3-5 npaug ntau dua rau cov txiv neej thiab ntau dua 2 npaug rau cov poj niam. Qhov no kuj yog vim muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev ua neej nyob ntawm Russians.

Txoj kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntsib ob qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Thawj yog cov qauv ntawm pathology ntawm cov neeg muaj kev lag luam thaum ntxov, cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm-lub cev. Rau qhov thib ob - teeb meem nrog cov hnub nyoog laus ntawm cov pej xeem. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Russia, kev tuag yog ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm ob lub teb chaws tsim los yog tsim.

Pom zoo: