Qhov tseeb hais tias lub caj pas thyroid tseem ceeb heev rau lub neej yuav luag txhua tus paub. Tom qab tag nrho, lub pathology ntawm lub cev ntawm lub endocrine system yog heev heev. Qee zaum kev phais kom tshem tawm cov thyroid caj pas yog kev kho mob nkaus xwb. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, xws li ib tug phais kev cuam tshuam yog undesirable radical, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub cev raug tshem tawm nrog rau lwm cov qauv anatomical tseem ceeb, uas yog, nrog rau cov qog parathyroid. Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib muab qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv rau cov kab mob endocrine no thiab nkag siab txog yam tseem ceeb uas lawv muaj. Cov kab mob ntawm cov qog parathyroid ua rau muaj teeb meem loj ntawm calcium thiab phosphorus metabolism. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob txha, cov leeg, thiab lub paj hlwb.
yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob parathyroid: cov tsos mob, ua rau
Cov qog parathyroid (parathyroid) yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub cev. Lawv tso cov tshuaj hormone tshwj xeeb, yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm phosphorus-calcium metabolism yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tus neeg nruab nrab muaj 4 lub qog parathyroid. Hauv qee qhov, lawv tus lej nce mus txog 8-10 daim. Tsis zoo li lwm cov qog endocrine, cov qauv anatomical no tsis muaj cov qauv lobular. Sab nraud, lawv tau npog los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav, thiab sab hauv lawv muaj glandular parenchyma. Cov kab mob no secrete parathyroid hormone. Cov tshuaj lom neeg no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev cuam tshuam lub paj hlwb thiab musculoskeletal systems. Parathyroid hormone yog suav tias yog ib qho antagonist ntawm calcitonin. Nws txoj haujlwm yog tsim cov osteoclasts. Cov hlwb no pab txav calcium tawm ntawm cov pob txha thiab mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Qhov ua rau cov kab mob parathyroid muaj xws li endo- thiab exogenous yam. Ntawm lawv yog cov mob raum thiab endocrine pathologies, malabsorption hauv plab hnyuv, neoplasms, teeb meem tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev. Yuav ua li cas parathyroid dysfunction tshwm sim? Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm pathologies hauv ob qho tib si poj niam txiv neej yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev pob txha, mob plawv, thiab cov leeg nqaij. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev hloov pauv hauv paj hlwb raug sau tseg.
Etiology thiab pheej hmoo yam
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob parathyroid yog qhov ntau lawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones lossis, hloov pauv, nwsua tsis tiav. Hauv thawj kis, ntau cov calcium ntau ntxiv hauv cov hlab ntsha, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub cev. Tus mob no hu ua hyperparathyroidism. Cov laj thawj hauv qab no ntawm cov kab mob pathology yog qhov txawv:
- Kev mob caj ces.
- Parathyroid cancer.
- Cov kab mob zoo: adenoma lossis cyst.
- Tsis muaj vitamin D thiab calcium hauv lub cev.
- Mabsorption ntawm cov as-ham hauv cov hnyuv.
Nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus, hypoparathyroidism tsim. Tus kab mob no tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis cov ntsiab lus phosphorus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev mob autoimmune hauv lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm parathyroid hormone. Tsawg feem ntau, qhov ua rau pathology yog kev phais, uas yog, thyroidectomy.
Muaj ntau yam kev pheej hmoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus kab mob parathyroid. Cov no suav nrog:
- cov txheej txheem kis mus rau cov nqaij mos necrosis.
- Rickets.
- Cov kab mob endocrine, tshwj xeeb - thyroid kab mob.
- Pathologies ntawm lub raum thiab plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus uas xav tau cov tshuaj vitamin D thiab calcium txhua hnub.
Mechanism ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm parathyroid pathologies
Lub pathogenesis ntawm hyperparathyroidism nyob ntawm qhov etiology ntawm tus kab mob. Kev nce hauv cov tshuaj hormones tuaj yeem ua tautxuam nrog benign thiab malignant qog. Hauv ob qho tib si, cov ntaub so ntswg parathyroid loj hlob thiab muaj ntau cov kab mob endocrine. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tsim cov tshuaj hormones, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws cov concentration hauv lub cev nce ntau. Secondary hyperparathyroidism tshwm sim vim tsis muaj calcium. Txij li thaum cov kab mob endocrine ua haujlwm raws li cov cai ntawm kev tawm tswv yim, qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nyiaj ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qog parathyroid.
Primary hypoparathyroidism feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog autoimmune cell puas. Yog vim li cas rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav tsis muaj cov thyroid hormones, kab mob ntawm cov qog adrenal, zes qe menyuam, daim siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, autoimmune aggression tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob fungal ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog mucous daim nyias nyias. Secondary parathyroid hormone deficiency tshwm sim vim tsis txaus nqus ntawm calcium nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv thiab lub raum tubules. Qhov no ua rau hyperphosphatemia thiab metabolic ntshawv siab.
Lub caj pas parathyroid. Cov tsos mob dab tsi tuaj yeem muaj tus kab mob?
Txij li thaum lub caj pas parathyroid yog ib qho ntawm cov tswj hwm ntawm calcium-phosphorus metabolism, cov tsos mob ntawm pathologies cuam tshuam nrog kev mob ntawm cov pob txha, cov leeg thiab lub paj hlwb. Xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm hyperparathyroidism. Tsis hais txog ntawm etiology ntawm tus kab mob, ntau cov tshuaj hormone secretion yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- pob txha mos - osteomalacia.
- mob nraub qaum thiab sab nraub qaum.
- plaub hau thiab hniav poob.
- Zoo xuab zeb los raum pob zeb.
- Nyob nqhis dej ntau zaustso zis.
- Ntaus thiab ntuav.
- Kev ntxhov siab tsis ruaj khov.
Ntau zaus, cov tsos mob no tau pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam uas muaj kab mob parathyroid. Ntawm cov txiv neej, qhov nce hauv cov tshuaj hormones yog 3 zaug tsawg dua.
Parathyroid insufficiency tshwm sim li cas? Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv thawj theem, txawm lub opposite mechanism ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, yog heev zoo sib xws. Cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hypoparathyroidism kuj muaj plaub hau poob, qaug zog ntev, thiab kev puas tsuaj sai ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Tom qab ntawd, tachycardia, convulsive syndrome (nyob rau hauv lub plab mog, ko taw) thiab parasthesia koom. Cov neeg mob yws yws ntawm qhov hnov qab xws li nkag mus, loog ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov xav tias txias. Hypoparathyroidism feem ntau nrog conjunctivitis thiab keratitis.
Txoj kab mob ntawm cov txiv neej
Cov tsos mob ntawm pathologies ntawm cov qog parathyroid hauv cov txiv neej tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov poj niam. Thawj qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob yog tib yam nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si poj niam txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov poj niam raug tus kab mob hnyav dua li cov txiv neej. Qhov no siv rau ob qho tib si hypo- thiab hyperparathyroidism. Daim duab kho mob hauv cov txiv neej yog dominated los ntawm myalgia thiab cov tsos mob ntawm urolithiasis. Emotional lability ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib nrab muaj zog yog qhia rau ib tug tsawg dua. Cov txiv neej kuj tsis tshua muaj kab mob osteoporosis thiab pob txha mos.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hauvpoj niam
Ntawm cov poj niam cov pej xeem, theem nrab hyperparathyroidism feem ntau yog. Feem ntau, nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov hluas thiab nruab nrab hnub nyoog - los ntawm 20 mus rau 50 xyoo. Hyperparathyroidism yog txuam nrog cov thyroid insufficiency, uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm autoimmune o lossis iodine deficiency. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob pathological tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev ua haujlwm ntawm zes qe menyuam, menopausal syndrome, lossis siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm keeb kwm hormonal ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov qog parathyroid. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov poj niam pib insidiously. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, tus kab mob no tsuas yog los ntawm kev qaug zog ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd koom nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab nce cov leeg excitability. Cov neeg mob yws tias mob taub hau, ntuav cov nqaij ntshiv, tsis nco qab thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Ib qho kev nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm parathyroid hormone ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pob txha. Hauv cov poj niam, cov tsos mob no tau tshaj tawm ntau dua li cov txiv neej. Qhov no yog vim tsis tsuas yog hyperparathyroidism, tab sis kuj rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub thiab postmenopause. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob muaj xws li osteomalacia, uas yog, softening ntawm cov pob txha. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem no, cov neeg mob ua rau muaj pob txha. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov poj niam feem ntau yws yws ntawm qhov mob nraub qaum thiab cov leeg tsis muaj zog. Lwm qhov tshwm sim yog urolithiasis, kuaj pom tias muaj hyperparathyroidism.
Txoj kev kawm ntawm pathology hauv menyuam yaus
Ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm genetic disorders thiab autoimmune pathologies, tsis muaj calcium thiab vitamin D yog qhov ua rau tus kab mob tseem ceeb.parathyroid caj pas nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov ntsiab lus no ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm calcium thiab phosphorus. Tsis zoo li cov neeg laus, tus kab mob hauv cov menyuam yaus hnyav dua thiab txaus ntshai. Tseeb tiag, thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov, cov pob txha pob txha tsis tsim tag nrho.
Cov tsos mob ntawm hyperparathyroidism zoo ib yam li daim duab kho mob ntawm rickets. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob muaj xws li kua muag, pw tsaug zog cuam tshuam, cov leeg nqaij hypotension thiab plab hnyuv, qhov tsos ntawm lub raum pob zeb. Cov menyuam yaus nrog hyperparathyroidism nce qhov hnyav dua. Nrog rau kev ua txhaum loj ntawm cov ntxhia hauv cov metabolism, kev ncua ntawm lub cev kev loj hlob tuaj yeem ua tau. Tsis muaj calcium nyob rau hauv cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg ua rau impaired gait thiab valgus deformity ntawm lub hauv caug pob qij txha. Yog tias kev kho mob tsis pib raws sijhawm, hyperparathyroidism hauv tus menyuam yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis taus.
Muaj teeb meem ntawm pathologies
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm hyperparathyroidism yog qib siab ntawm calcium hauv cov ntshav. Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no nce mus txog 15 mg, ib qho mob hnyav tshwm sim rau lub cev. Hypercalcemic ntsoog ua rau mob raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab coma. Lwm qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai yog pob txha fragility. Cov neeg mob hyperparathyroidism feem ntau ua rau raug mob thiab tsis taus.
Tus mob rov qab yog hypocalcemia. Nws qhov txaus ntshai yog nyob rau hauv convulsions. Yog tias cov calcium hauv cov ntshav txo qis me ntsis, ces tus neeg mob tsuas yog txhawj xeeb txog kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov leeg ntawm cov ceg. Nrog hnyav hypocalcemia, convulsive syndrome tuaj yeem npog qhov ua pa thiabvascular musculature, ua rau bronchospasm, laryngospasm, raum colitis, thiab mob plawv.
Kev kuaj mob rau cov kab mob parathyroid
Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau tus kab mob parathyroid? Kev kuaj mob muaj xws li kev soj ntsuam, kev kuaj mob ntawm tus neeg mob thiab kev sim kuaj. Cov txheej txheem rau pathologies muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv tsis txaus siab (qaug zog, xeev siab, convulsions, kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav), tsis muaj zog los yog, conversely, nce cov leeg nqaij. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qib ntawm parathyroid hormone, nrog rau calcium thiab phosphorus hauv cov ntshav venous. Txhawm rau pom cov pob txha thiab txheeb xyuas qhov ua txhaum ntawm lawv cov qauv, X-rays thiab CT scans tau ua.
Txoj kev kho kab mob
Txhawm rau txhim kho tus neeg mob tus mob, nws yuav tsum ua kom cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones zoo. Kev kho mob ntawm cov qog parathyroid ua raws lub hom phiaj no. Kev noj qab haus huv muaj xws li:
- khoom noj kom raug.
- Kev hloov pauv kev kho.
- kev kho mob phais.
- Txoj kev ua neej zoo.
Kev kho mob yuav tsum ua tiav thiab ruaj khov. Kev phais yuav tsum tau ua yog tias cov qog nqaij hlav tsim cov tshuaj hormone ntau dhau.
Kev Kho Mob Hloov Kho rau hypoparathyroidism
Yuav kom cov calcium hauv lub cev mus txog qib ib txwm, yuav tsum muaj kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab hloov kho. Kev noj haus yuav tsum yog cov khoom noj siv mis: tawv cheese, tsev cheese, kefir. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom noj qe, daim siab thiab cov ntses hiav txwv. Raws li kev hloov khosau tshuaj "Calcium D3", "Vitamin D", "Aquadetrim", thiab lwm yam. Nrog cov leeg nqaij contractions, kev kho anticonvulsant yog ua.
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov nqus ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj calcium thiab vitamin D, koj yuav tsum tau taug kev hauv huab cua ntshiab thiab nyob hauv lub hnub. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, cov txheej txheem raug sau tseg, nrog rau ultraviolet irradiation hauv cov koob tshuaj uas xav tau.
Cov lus pom zoo rau kev kho mob hyperparathyroidism
Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob parathyroid feem ntau suav nrog cyst, hyperplasia, adenoma thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Txhawm rau normalize qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua. Kev phais mob muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov qog parathyroid. Tom qab kev phais, cov neeg mob raug qhia kom raug lub hnub ci thiab lwm yam hluav taws xob tsawg li sai tau.
