Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas tshem tawm lub raum yog tib txoj kev los cawm tus neeg mob txoj sia. Qhov no yog ib qho kev ntsuas hnyav, tab sis yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, ces koj yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li sai tau txog qhov yuav tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov xav tau tsis yog tsuas yog paub txog yuav ua li cas kev cuam tshuam kev phais yuav ua tiav, tab sis kuj yuav tsum paub txog txhua yam txog lub sijhawm kho mob tom qab nws.
Kidney Functions
Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub cev. Txhua tus ua lawv txoj haujlwm, cuam tshuam rau lub xeev ntawm tus neeg tag nrho. Lub raum ua haujlwm ntau yam tseem ceeb:
- ntshav purification los ntawm nitrogenous metabolic secretions thiab lwm yam co toxins;
- tuav cov qib uas xav tau ntawm electrolytes;
- dej sib npaug hauv lub cev nqaij daim tawv;
- tswj thiab tswj ntshav siab;
- cais tawm ntawm cov khoom siv lom neeg xws li renin thiab erythropoietin los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tes.
Qhov tso tawm ntawm renin thiab erythropoietin yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus neeg kom tswj cov ntshav siab thiab ncaj qha hematopoiesis.
Indications rauKev tshem tawm lub cev
Kev tshem tawm lub raum muaj lub npe kho mob - nephrectomy. Ua ntej sau npe ua haujlwm, cov kws kho mob sim txuag lub cev los ntawm txhua txoj kev muaj. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub raum muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsawg kawg yog 20%, ces nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kev ua haujlwm. Tab sis nrog qee qhov pathologies, kev phais tsis tuaj yeem zam tau. Yog tias lub raum tsis raug tshem tawm raws sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim.
Neprectomy yog sau rau kev raug mob ntawm lub cev, qog nqaij hlav, congenital anomalies, polycystic thiab hydronephrosis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm ib tug malignant tsim, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ncua qhov kev txiav txim. Mob qog noj ntshav yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev sib kis sai ntawm cov metastases mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv.
Kev ua haujlwm
Kev tshem tawm lub raum tsis raug sau tseg yam tsis muaj kev kuaj xyuas tus neeg mob. Txhawm rau ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thib ob, x-ray nrog qhov sib txawv, MRI thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb tau sau tseg. Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev ua haujlwm raug kuaj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm los ntawm kev qhia cov xim tshwj xeeb, uas yuav tsum tau tawm hauv cov zis.
Kev ua haujlwm tau ua hauv tsev kho mob. Tus neeg mob nyob hauv tsev kho mob li 1 mus rau 3 lub lis piam. Nws nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm tus mob thiab hom kev ua haujlwm. Nephrectomy tuaj yeem ua tau qhib los yog laparoscopically.
Cov kws phais neeg nyiam laparoscopic nephrectomy. Cov neeg mob tau yooj yim dua rau qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub raum. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog laparoscopy yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws:
- tsis muaj qhov caws pliav loj thiab dab tuag ntawm lub cev;
- kev ua haujlwm ntxivnyab xeeb;
- kev mob tshwm sim tsawg dua;
- rov kho dua yooj yim dua;
- kev tsis taus tuaj yeem zam tau.
Qhov tseeb yog tias kev tswj hwm yog ua los ntawm kev txiav me me hauv thaj tsam lumbar. Lub laparoscope tau muab tso rau hauv lawv, thiab kev ua tau zoo yog saib xyuas ntawm lub monitor tshwj xeeb.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Kev tshem tawm lub raum tuaj yeem nrog cov teeb meem tsis tshwj xeeb, uas yog nyob ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog. Nws tuaj yeem yog mob ntsws pneumonia lossis pulmonary embolism. Qee zaum, thrombophlebitis, myocardial infarction lossis mob stroke tshwm sim. Cov teeb meem zoo li no hauv kev kho mob tsis tshua muaj, vim cov kws kho mob ua cov kauj ruam los tiv thaiv lawv.
Tus neeg mob yuav tsum nkag siab tias kev tshem tawm lub raum yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob siab heev uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm phais hauv qhov no yog qhov kev zam. Tab sis cov teeb meem tom qab phais tuaj yeem zam tau. Ntawm no, ntau nyob ntawm qhov kev npaj ua ntej thiab kev ntshaw ntawm tus neeg kom rov qab mus rau lub neej nquag sai li sai tau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov ntawv kho mob thiab cov lus pom zoo.
Lub sijhawm Postoperative. Kev ua si lub cev
Yog tias lub raum tshem tawm, lub sijhawm tom qab phais yuav tsum tau so kom tiav. Thawj hnub tus neeg mob pw ntawm nws sab nraub qaum, nrawm nrawm thiab tig ntawm nws sab yog contraindicated rau nws, txij li cov sutures los ntawm lub raum pedicle yuav plam tawm. Thaum kawg ntawm thawj hnub lossis thaum sawv ntxov hnub tom qab, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob pabmaj mam dov mus rau sab. Zaum saum txaj yog tso cai rau 2-3 hnub, yog tias tsis tshwm sim. Koj tuaj yeem sawv ntawm txaj rau hnub plaub.
Tus neeg mob raug pom zoo kom ua pa ua pa, txav caj npab thiab txhais ceg kom du. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom nyob twj ywm tsis muaj zog rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis nws kuj ua rau muaj kev mob siab rau kev mob siab rau. Yog tias tsis ua raws li cov lus pom zoo, hernia lossis adhesions yuav tshwm sim.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog haus dej huv
Vim kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab siv tshuaj, co toxins raug tsim hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lawv raug tshem tawm nrog quav thiab zis, tab sis lub raum tsis tas yuav ua tau zoo. Muaj ib lub nra hnyav dua nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev ua ke, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev los pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum ntxiv.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau ua kom nws tus kheej haus cov dej ntshiab uas tau lim. Nws kuj pom zoo kom siv cov dej yaj. Kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 30 ml ntawm dej ntshiab rau 1 kg ntawm tus neeg mob hnyav lossis 7 ml ntawm cov dej yaj, raws li.
Cov neeg rog rog yuav tsum nce lawv cov dej kom tsawg raws li hauv qab no:
- dej huv - yam tsawg kawg 40 ml rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav;
- melt dej - los ntawm 10 ml rau 1 kg ntawm qhov hnyav.
Cov dej no yuav tsum tau siv txhua hnub, ntxiv rau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txais cov kua dej ntxiv, uas muaj nyob hauv zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua zaub, thiab lwm yam.
Haus dej kom txaus yuav ua rau mob mequav thaum tso zis tsis muaj zog.
Kev noj haus
Thawj pluas mov pub yuav luag ib hnub tom qab kev phais, tab sis muab dej ua ntej. Qee tus neeg mob yws yws ntawm qhov txo qis hauv plab hnyuv thiab nce roj tsim.
Tom qab tus neeg mob tau tshem lub raum, kev noj zaub mov yuav tsum hloov pauv ntau. Rau ob xyoos tom ntej no, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev noj haus: tshem tawm cov khoom qab zib, pickled, haus luam yeeb thiab ntsim ntawm cov khoom noj, txo qis cov protein thiab khoom qab zib, tsis txhob haus kas fes thiab tshuaj yej.
Cov zaub mov txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Pumpkin thiab watermelon yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv kev noj haus. Nqaij los yog nqaij tais yuav tsum tau steamed los yog boiled, vim hais tias kib nyob rau lub sij hawm no yog teeb meem. Qee zaus koj tuaj yeem noj fermented mis nyuj cov khoom los yog yogurt, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau tshiab thiab muaj lub neej luv luv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los txo cov khoom noj khoom haus kom tsawg.
Rehab
Yog tias tus neeg mob tau tshem lub raum kom tiav, kev kho kom rov zoo tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog ib xyoos thiab ib nrab. Maj mam, lub raum ntxiv tau siv los ua kom muaj zog ntxiv thiab them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj lub cev ua ke.
Thaum xub thawj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis suav nrog kev nqa hnyav thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev. Thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj nws yog ntshaw mus taug kev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los nqa tawm nrog ib tug ntub phuam da dej thiab ib tug sib piv da dej. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, vim nws ua haujlwm excretory, nrog rautshuav lub raum.
Tom qab tshem tawm, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas lub raum noj qab haus huv. Koj tsis tuaj yeem supercool, khiav mob ntev, kho tus kheej. Kev sab laj tsis tu ncua nrog tus kws kho mob urologist yuav pab koj txheeb xyuas koj tus mob. Saib xyuas koj tus kheej, vim lub raum thib peb hauv lub cev tsis muaj.
