Daim tawv nqaij neoplasms yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib faib ntawm tes ntawm cov epidermis thiab los ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem ua phem lossis phem, muaj peev xwm ua rau mob qog noj ntshav sai heev. Ntau tus neeg muaj nevi, papillomas, moles ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij.
Qee tus ntawm lawv tsis ua phem rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis muaj cov uas, nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis zoo, tsim mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob nco lub sijhawm no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau saib xyuas txhua yam ntawm cov neoplasms uas twb muaj lawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua.
Qhov twg neoplasms tuaj ntawm
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov hlwb tuag, ib yam li cov tshiab, yuav tsum sib npaug, tab sis qhov no tsis tas li. Qee zaum cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov hlwb tshiab ua haujlwm ntau dua li qhov nws xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tas yuav muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiav, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm. Xws li ntau dhau ntawm cov hlwb tsim mus rau hauv neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tauprovoked los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv, tshwj xeeb, cov no:
- ntau daim tawv nqaij;
- irradiation, suav nrog hnub ci;
- kev hloov pauv.
Feem ntau ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov zoo, thiab lawv tsis ua phem rau tib neeg lub neej, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis xis nyob. Qee tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum lawv ncav cuag qhov loj, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hlab ntsha.
Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qee yam, neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab meej tias yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv thiab qhov kev kho mob raws nraim li cas.
hom tsiaj
Daim tawv nqaij neoplasms (raws li ICD 10, D 23) tau muab faib ua ntau hom, xws li:
- zoo;
- borderlines;
- malignant.
Thawj ntawm lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau qee yam ntawm lub cev thiab lub siab lub ntsws tsis xis nyob nrog thaj chaw dav lossis yog tias lawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas tsis hnav khaub ncaws.
Malignant, qhov tseeb, yog qog nqaij hlav cancer. Lawv loj hlob sai heev thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov sib sib zog nqus txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv kis tau metastases thoob plaws hauv lub cev.
Kev tsim ciam teb tuaj yeem hloov pauv sai sai.
Nyob zoo neoplasms
zoodaim tawv nqaij neoplasm (raws li ICD 10, D 23) nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg tag nrho yog tias nws tsis raug rau cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab. Ib qho ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb yuav yog nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub ntsej muag lossis lwm qhov chaw pom ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau nws qhov loj me, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab ntsha. Ntawm cov hom kev loj hlob, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- fibroma;
- Neurofibroma;
- lipoma;
- atheroma;
- nevi thiab moles;
- hemangioma;
- warts.
Nyob hauv fibroma, cov qog yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, rog thiab paj hlwb. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob qhov twg ntawm lub cev thiab txhim kho qeeb heev. Feem ntau, xws li neoplasm cuam tshuam rau cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam thaum laus.
Cov qog muaj qhov loj ntawm 3 cm thiab hauv nws cov tsos zoo li lub foob me me, me ntsis protruding saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov saum npoo ntawm fibroma, nyob ntawm nws hom, tuaj yeem yog du lossis wrinkled. Nws cov xim hloov lub sijhawm los ntawm liab mus rau grey, xim av, thiab qee zaum xiav-dub. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv lub cev. Nrog kev puas tsuaj rau txhua yam, kev hloov mus rau theem malignant yog ua tau.
Kev txhim kho ntawm neurofibromas los ntawm cov paj hlwb. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis cov kabmob sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tsos, neurofibroma zoo li ib tug me me tubercle, kwv yees li 0.1-3 cm nyob rau hauv loj, npog los ntawm lub epidermis. Zoo sib xwslub neoplasm muaj lub teeb xim av tint thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis xis nyob tag nrho, yog tias nws tsis provoke squeezing ntawm cov hlab ntsha xaus. Feem ntau cov no yog ntau formations. Thiab, txawm tias lawv cov khoom zoo, lawv suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias qhov no pathology provokes mob rhiab heev thiab dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Cov qog no raug kho nrog hluav taws xob lossis phais tshem tawm.
Lipoma yog wen - qog ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob tob txaus thiab ncav cuag periosteum. Ib qho zoo sib xws neoplasm ntawm daim tawv nqaij (koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab hauv kab lus) tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub cev. Nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm sab nraub qaum, xub pwg, lossis sab nraub qaum. Ntawm palpation, lipoma txav, thiab pom qhov mob.
Lipoma loj hlob qeeb heev thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, tsuas yog nws tsis loj hlob mus rau liposarcoma. Kev phais phais yog qhia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm lub qog, yog hais tias nws pib ua rau lub siab ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Me me wen raug tshem tawm sai heev nrog lub laser lossis xov tooj cua nthwv dej.
Yuav ua li cas lwm yam benign neoplasms nyob ntawd
Atheroma zoo li lipoma, tab sis txawv nyob rau hauv qee kis nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob, hnyav dua rau qhov kov, thiab kuj tsis tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hom neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij, uas yog vim li caskoj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Atheroma tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaws ntawm cov qog sebaceous. Thiab tom qab ib ntus, kev tsim tuaj yeem fester, thiab tom qab ib ntus tawg. Yog tias qhov mob ntawm atheroma tshwm sim, ces kev hnov mob tau pom. Cov kev loj hlob no yog nyob rau txhua qhov chaw uas muaj cov plaub hau, thiab kev tshem tawm tsuas yog ua los ntawm kev phais.
Lymphangioma yog congenital, uas yog vim li cas nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus. Nws muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov hlab ntsha lymphatic thiab tshwm sim vim lawv qhov chaw tsis zoo hauv lub embryo. Cov qog nyhav zuj zus tuaj, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam tsis zoo. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau tshem tawm kev phais sai sai, vim nws ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej. Feem ntau zoo li neoplasms tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag, tus nplaig, caj dab thiab hauv siab.
Ib hemangioma yog tsim, raws li txoj cai, vim congenital anomalies ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Nws tsis degenerate rau hauv cov qog malignant, tab sis nws loj hlob sai heev, thiab relapses feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab tshem tawm. Xws li kev tsim tuaj yeem ua rau atrophy ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab thiab cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv. Ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws zoo li burgundy los yog xiav.
Yeej, hemangioma raug kuaj pom ntawm caj dab lossis lub taub hau hauv cov menyuam mos tom qab yug me nyuam. Thaum nws nyob ze ntawm lub qhov muag lossis hauv lwm qhov chaw, nws raug tshem tawm los ntawm txoj kev tawg, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev siv tshuaj hormonal yog qhia. Yog ibKev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig, tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm yog ua nrog kev txiav tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Ntawm cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus, muaj moles thiab nevi. Lawv tsis txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, tshwj tsis yog lawv raug kev sib txhuam tas li. Xws li formations yuav congenital los yog kis tau. Lawv yog ib pawg ntawm cov hlwb uas muaj cov duab sib txawv, kev ntxhib los mos, qhov loj thiab xim. Lawv nto yog qhuav thiab tsis sib xws. Yog hais tias lub mole loj hlob zoo, ces nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm, txoj kev uas yog xaiv nyob ntawm seb muaj cov indications.
Warts yog provoked los ntawm papillomavirus tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov kab mob tsis tu ncua, kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo thiab kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua. Lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Qee cov warts tuaj yeem hloov mus ua qog nqaij hlav, thaum nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm yam lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov kab mob Precancerous
Tau kawm precancerous neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij, daim duab thiab cov lus piav qhia uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tiav ntawm lawv, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab meej tias lawv yog dab tsi. Cov no yog ib hom kev tsim ciam teb, uas tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog thawj theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Feem ntau lawv tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus, txawm li cas los xij, yuav muaj kev zam. Ntawm lawv yog cov hauv qab no:
- xeroderma;
- senile keratoma;
- Page's disease;
YXeroderma pigmentosa yog ib hom kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob siab rauhnub ci. Thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj neeg, thiab cov kws kho mob cais nws raws li ib tug mob precancerous ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob tau pom, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis lub caij ntuj sov, thiab qhov no tshwm sim vim muaj hnub ci zog ntxiv. Qhov txhab cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub taub hau thiab caj dab. Qhov no yog vim tias daim tawv nqaij tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov enzymes uas kho kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lub hnub raug.
senile keratoma tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov neeg laus. Feem ntau nws loj tsis tshaj 1 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb thiab muaj ib tug yellowish los yog lub teeb xim av tint. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim tuaj yeem npog nrog cov nplai, uas lawv tus kheej exfoliate. Lub sijhawm no, ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm rau ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam. Yog hais tias ib daim ntawv foob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm keratoma, ces nws yuav malignant.
Paget tus kab mob tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov poj niam hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj pib tsim nyob ze ntawm lub txiv mis, thiab tev ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog pom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, serous-hemorrhagic kua tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub txiv mis. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob tom ntej ntawm tus kab mob, lub crust pib tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm neoplasm, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug quaj. Qee tus kws kho mob oncologists xav tias qhov no yog thawj theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov tawv nqaij feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Nws yog txheej txheej ntawm cov kab mob epidermal kom tawm sab nraud cov tsim ua zoo ib yam li lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj. Muaj ntau ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog yuav ua li cas tus kab mob no ntws mus rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav. Thaum thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Cov tawv nqaij hneev taw yog yooj yim tshem tawm phais.
Malignant neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog txhoj puab heev. Lawv feem ntau loj hlob sai heev, loj hlob mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib sab thiab tuaj yeem ua rau metastases. Ntawm cov hom loj ntawm malignant neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij (peb yuav muab ib daim duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm), peb muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv:
- squamous cell carcinoma;
- melanoma;
- basal cell carcinoma;
- fibrosarcoma;
- angiosarcoma;
- liposarcoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma yog cov quav hniav uas tsis muaj npoo meej, xim liab nrog rau qhov tsis sib xws. Ib qho indentation maj mam tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsim, uas yog pib npog nrog nplai, thiab tom qab ntawd ib qho rwj tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no. Squamous cell carcinoma tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg.
Ntawm cov hom qog malignant, melanoma suav hais tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev rau cov tsos ntawm moles ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Basal cell carcinoma yog ib qho tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog kev nyuaj siab me me nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub qhov txhab nyob. Nyob rau hauv cov qog, cov hlab ntsha thiab los ntshav feem ntau pom. Nws yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tsis npog los ntawm khaub ncaws, tab sis tshwm sim thaum nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij.hluav taws xob ultraviolet, carcinogens, thiab thermal raug.
Fibrosarcoma yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas thiab tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis muab zais. Liposarcoma yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov rog rog mus rau cov kab mob malignant. Cov qog tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj me. Metastases tsis yog ib txwm muaj thiab pom feem ntau hauv cov neeg laus.
Angiosarcoma feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg uas muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab cov neeg kis tus kabmob HIV. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim cov me me ntawm lilac lossis ntshav hue. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ulcers pib tsim ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Qhov no yog ib hom mob kheesxaws hnyav heev thiab feem ntau ua rau tuag taus.
Diagnostics
Thaum daim tawv nqaij neoplasms tshwm sim, nco ntsoov hu rau tus kws kho mob dermatologist lossis tus kws kho mob oncologist kom kuaj xyuas. Tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov yam ntxwv sab nraud yuav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb lawv yog dab tsi. Rau dermatoscopy ntawm daim tawv nqaij neoplasms, cov ntaub so ntswg raug coj mus rau qhov chaw kuaj xyuas, qhov chaw ntawm cov qog tau txiav txim siab.
Thaum siv software tshwj xeeb, kev kuaj mob yog qhov tseeb heev. Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov kab ciam teb thiab cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov neeg mob thaum pib. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Txoj kev kho mob
Raws li txoj cai, kev tsim kho tsis zoo tsis raug kho txhua txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm malignant qog, nws yog sivphais kev cuam tshuam. Hauv qhov no, lawv raug txiav tawm nrog rau qhov chaw noj qab haus huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev rov qab los. Qee zaum, yuav siv lwm txoj kev kho mob, xws li cryosurgery, uas yog qhov khov ntawm cov qog.
Kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheem
Ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem cov qog ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kws kho mob paub qhov txawv hauv qab no:
- irradiation;
- phais;
- cryogenic raug;
- chemotherapy.
Classic tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog lub scalpel cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam, ib feem ntawm kev ntes thiab noj qab haus huv, tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntxiv.
Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog qhov pom zoo rau kev rov zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, piv txwv li, lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm ntev, nrog rau qhov muaj qhov caws pliav seem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua hauv tsev kho mob.
Tej zaum yuav raug tshem tawm cov txheej txheem uas siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom sov. Nws txhais tau hais tias cov kua nitrogen yog siv rau thaj tsam teeb meem nrog kev pab los ntawm tus neeg thov, thaum npog cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau txoj kev no yog siv los tshem tawm warts thiab papillomas. Tom qab raug cov nitrogen, cov neoplasm thickens, thiab cov ntaub ntawv npuas nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw, uas daws nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib lub lis piam. Tom qab lubkev ua haujlwm, cov crust dries thiab ploj tom qab 2 lub lis piam. Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm qhov mob me ntsis, nrog rau kev rov zoo sai.
Feem ntau siv laser tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij hlav, uas yog nrov heev thoob ntiaj teb. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug laser, qhia hluav taws xob yog nqa tawm, uas yuav pab kom evaporate malignant hlwb. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij neoplasm nrog ib tug laser, ib tug crust tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub hlwb, uas ces peels tawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, ib tus tuaj yeem tso tawm qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj caws pliav, los ntshav, thiab tseem muaj kev kho dua tshiab ntawm tus neeg mob. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm laser tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij neoplasms, tus neeg intolerance tuaj yeem raug sau tseg, vim tias pigmentation ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam lossis kis kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kev tshem tawm kuj tuaj yeem ua nrog kev pab ntawm kev kho hluav taws xob. Ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj ntau yam metastases lossis rov ua dua ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Lub hom phiaj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kab mob.
Txhua txoj hau kev no ua rau ib leeg zoo heev. Cov kws kho mob hauv txhua kis xaiv ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke los tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav. Thaum xaiv, qib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog, nws qhov chaw nyob, thiab cov hom raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Yuav muaj teeb meem thiab tiv thaiv
Qhov teeb meem txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm neoplasms yog lawv degeneration mus rau mob qog noj ntshav. Kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob thiab tus neeg mob lub neej expectancy nyob ntawm kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm thiabtshem tawm cov qog malignant.
Txhawm rau zam cov kab mob, qee yam kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua:
- nce kev tiv thaiv;
- ua raws cai huv;
- tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij los ntawm qhov tsis zoo.
Ntxiv rau, nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib deev thiab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thaum sib deev.
