Hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinus: ua rau, txoj kev kho mob, tshuaj xyuas

Cov txheej txheem:

Hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinus: ua rau, txoj kev kho mob, tshuaj xyuas
Hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinus: ua rau, txoj kev kho mob, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinus: ua rau, txoj kev kho mob, tshuaj xyuas

Video: Hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinus: ua rau, txoj kev kho mob, tshuaj xyuas
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Anonim

Nyob rau hauv suav tsis txheeb cov kab mob ENT, malformations nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm kuaj mob tshiab, tam sim no tsis paub txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv lub cev tau raug txheeb xyuas, uas yooj yim dua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob, suav nrog cov kab mob, yuav tsum tau kho tshwj xeeb nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kws kho mob tsis sau tshuaj tsis tsim nyog rau cov neeg mob.

Ntse

Lub qhov txhab ntawm lub qhov txhab lossis lub qhov txhab frontal yog cov kab noj hniav hauv cov pob txha nyob tom qab lub pob zeb loj, zoo li lub puab tsaig tsis sib xws nrog cov ces kaum. Nws sab: sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm cov pob txha frontal nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, lub sab sauv phab ntsa ntawm lub orbit hauv qab no, lub posterior phab ntsa yog lub puab sab ntawm lub frontal pob txha, bordering lub frontal lobe ntawm lub hlwb, lub puab phab ntsa yog, qhov tseeb, inter-axillary septum. Cov qauv yog lawv asymmetry, uas yog, qhov muab faib yog ib txwm beveled rau sab.

hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses
hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses

Los ntawm sab hauv, lub qhov txhab frontal yog kab nrog cov mucous daim nyias nyias uas muaj cov kab mob goblet uas tsim cov zais cia. Qhov kawg moisturizes lub qhov ntswg kab noj hniav, tiv thaiv nws cov mucosa los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab ntau yam kab mob.

Ntxhaiskev loj hlob yog suav hais tias yog slit-zoo li cov lus ntawm cov sinuses nrog cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig. Lawv hu ua dehiscences. Piv txwv li:

  1. Xov xwm ntawm kab lattice maze nrog txhua qhov sinuses.
  2. Qhov nyob rau sab phab ntsa ntawm qhov sinus. Lawv coj nws cov mucosa mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog meningeal thiab optic paj hlwb, cavernous sinus, thiab sab hauv carotid artery.
  3. Txo phab ntsa tuab ntawm sphenoid sinus. Qhov no anomaly txhawb kev sib cuag nrog cov abducens thiab trochlear, oculomotor thiab trigeminal qab haus huv.

Basic definitions

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xav txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Hypoplasia yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm qee qhov anatomical chav mus txog rau nws qhov tsis tiav. Qhov no yog congenital defect ntawm cov kab noj hniav saum toj no, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm incorrect resorption ntawm cov pob txha pob txha.

hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses: kev kho mob
hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses: kev kho mob

Muaj ntau hom hypoplasia. Aplasia yog qhov tsis xws luag thaum kev loj hlob tseem tsis tau pib, thaum agenesis yog thaum nws pib, tab sis nres ntawm ib theem. Atresia yog qhov tsis muaj qhov ua tiav.

Kev faib tawm ntawm frontal sinus hypoplasia

Muaj hypoplasia congenital, kis tau lossis theem nrab.

Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom ib hom kab mob sib txawv. Piv txwv li, muaj hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinus ntawm sab xis. Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub npe. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej nkaus xwb. Lub hypoplasia ntawm sab laug frontal sinus kuj tshwm sim nrog tib zaus. Nws yog dab tsi, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia yog tias nws pom qhov tsis xws luag. Nws yog characterized los ntawm yuav tsum tauasymmetry ntawm lub ntsej muag nyob rau sab ntawm qhov txhab. Tej zaum kuj yuav muaj qee qhov tsis xws lossis txo qhov loj ntawm qhov sinus ntawm sab nraud. Txoj kev kuaj mob puncture nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws.

Tseem muaj ob sab hypoplasia thiab multilocular (trabecular) hypoplasia.

Kabmob thiab etiology ntawm tus kab mob

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, kev txhim kho ntawm cov sinuses tuaj yeem yog ib sab thiab ob sab. 3-5% ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb tsis muaj lawv txhua (ib lossis ob). Hauv 71% ntawm cov neeg mob, cov sinuses tsis tuaj ntawm ib sab, hauv 29% - ntawm ob sab. Hauv 45% ntawm cov neeg mob, hypoplasia tau pom, hauv 55% - ua tiav aplasia. Heev feem ntau muaj ntau lub chamber sinuses - qhov no yog hu ua trabecular hypoplasia. Qhov no pathology yog ib txwm rau cov txiv neej.

hypoplasia ntawm sab laug frontal sinus: nws yog dab tsi
hypoplasia ntawm sab laug frontal sinus: nws yog dab tsi

Hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses tsim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam hauv plab: oligohydramnios, kev raug mob, ua npaws, tshuaj, suav nrog tshuaj, cawv thiab nicotine, kab mob ntawm leej niam, kab mob TORCH, kab mob hauv plab, yug me nyuam raug mob ntawm lub ntsej muag..

Pathogenesis ntawm frontal sinus hypoplasia

Kev tsim ntawm cov sinuses frontal yog txheej txheem caj ces. Txhua tus menyuam yug los tsis muaj lawv, uas yog, tus menyuam yug tshiab tsis muaj lawv li. Lub frontal sinuses ib txwm pib tsim los ntawm 7-8 xyoo thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 25 tus txheej txheem no xaus. Lawv cov kab noj hniav hauv tus menyuam muaj yim xyoo yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.7 cm 3, thiab rau cov neeg laus nws nce mus txog 7 milliliters.

hypoplasia ntawm sab laug sinus: nws yog dab tsi
hypoplasia ntawm sab laug sinus: nws yog dab tsi

Functionsfrontal sinus los yog frontal sinus:

  • txo qhov loj ntawm pob txha taub hau, ua kom yooj yim;
  • tiv thaiv lub hlwb los ntawm kev raug mob, hom cushioning;
  • acoustic muaj nuj nqi, tsim cov yam ntxwv lub suab timbre;
  • tus kheej ntawm lub ntsej muag;
  • moisturizing mucous membranes ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav.

Agenesia lossis atresia ntawm frontal sinuses kuj tuaj yeem kis tau. Xws li hypoplasia yog qhov tseem ceeb thib ob sclerosis. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm yav dhau los kab mob - frontal sinusitis, pansinusitis los yog raug mob ntawm lub ntsej muag cheeb tsam. Lawv qhov tshwm sim yog kab noj hniav kev loj hlob regression thiab pob txha thickening.

Txoj hauv kev txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj pom tus kab mob no

Qhov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • x-ray;
  • magnetic resonance imaging;
  • ultrasound;
  • xam tomography;
  • kuaj mob puncture.

Ntawm X-ray, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txo qis ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov sinus, uas feem ntau raug kuaj pom tias yog sinusitis, thiab tus neeg raug kho tsis tsim nyog. Cov kws kho mob xav txog txoj kev no tsis tsim nyog.

txoj cai frontal sinus hypoplasia
txoj cai frontal sinus hypoplasia

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tomography hnub no yog tib txoj kev uas ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tsis zoo thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv, suav nrog cov tsim cov txheej txheem osteomeatal. Kev suav tomography tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab seb qhov twg qhov sinus me dua, nws cov pob txha phab ntsa raug nias rau hauv qhov ntswg los yog thickened, tab sis khaws cov du thiab meej contours, qhov ntswg.lub kab noj hniav yog dilated los yog tsis.

Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj tsos mob, thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias txoj cai frontal sinus yog hypoplastic lossis sab laug. Qee zaum, ib tug neeg yuav muaj kev tsis xis nyob. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev tsis xis nyob ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab saum toj no, nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg congestion, lacrimation. Feem ntau qhov no yog ib qho cim ntawm regressive agenesis, uas yog, theem nrab, kev loj hlob los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov mucous membrane tom qab kis kab mob.

Dab tsi yog hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses
Dab tsi yog hypoplasia ntawm frontal sinuses

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv lub cev tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov txawv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab txawm tias yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv. Nws los txog teeb pom kev tshwm sim thiab tsis xav tau kev kho mob thiab kev soj ntsuam. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau hypoplasia tsis meej pem nrog cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab sinus cysts. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj yuav tsum tau kho lub hypoplasia ntawm lub frontal sinuses, koj muaj peev xwm tsuas koom nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv.

Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam hauv plab. Thaum lub sij hawm npaj cev xeeb tub, kev kho mob ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm leej niam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kis kab mob, endocrine teeb meem, yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis suav tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab: piv txwv li, koj yuav tsum hloov txoj haujlwm uas tsis zoo.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm frontal sinus hypoplasia

Kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tsis ntev los no tau pom tias frontal sinus hypoplasia tsis ua rau thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov mob ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm paranasal sinuses lossis sinuses, uas yog hu ua sinusitis.

Dab tsi yog txoj cai frontal sinus hypoplasia
Dab tsi yog txoj cai frontal sinus hypoplasia

Qhov no yog frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis los yog o ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm tag nrho cov sinuses ib zaug (pansinusitis). Cov kab mob no yog cov teeb meem ntawm catarrhal kab mob pathologies ntawm lub ntsws sab sauv, uas yog, caj pas thiab nasopharynx, thiab yuav tsum tau kuaj tshwj xeeb thiab kho los ntawm tus kws kho mob otorhinolaryngologist.

Sinusitis tuaj yeem mob: catarrhal, purulent, polymeric, thiab ntev. Cov kab mob no xav tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tejzaum nws muaj tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov txheej txheem inflammatory no cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem loj xws li mob meningitis, arachnoiditis thiab encephalitis (cov no yog cov kab mob ntawm cov tawv nqaij arachnoid ntawm lub hlwb thiab cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb).

Kev tshawb fawb tsis nyob twj ywm, txoj kev kho mob tshiab tau tsim, tshuaj raug tsim tawm uas tuaj yeem kho sai thiab kho tau yooj yim thiab kho qhov tsis xws luag. Tab sis txhua qhov kev teem caij yog ua los ntawm kws kho mob nkaus xwb, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob. Ua ib yam dab tsi ntawm koj tus kheej tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, vim qhov no nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo. Kev kho mob tsuas yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab raws li nws cov lus pom zoo.

Pom zoo: