Lub histology ntawm tus nplaig qhia tias nws yog lub cev nqaij daim tawv uas lub cev, lub taub thiab cov cag cais tawm. Lub hauv paus yog transverse nqaij fibers khiav nyob rau hauv 3 kev sib nrig sib kev taw qhia - perpendicular rau ib leeg. Lawv cia tus nplaig tuaj yeem txav mus rau lwm qhov kev taw qhia. Cov nqaij ntshiv yog muab faib ua sab xis thiab sab laug halves symmetrically los ntawm ib tug connective cov ntaub so ntswg septum. Ntawm qhov histology ntawm tus nplaig, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov leeg nqaij fibers hloov pauv hauv lawv tus kheej nyias txheej ntawm fibrous xoob connective cov ntaub so ntswg (PCT). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov no interweaving, cov ntshav thiab lymph hlab ntsha, rog hlwb dhau, thiab cov ducts ntawm salivary lingual caj pas qhib ntawm no. Tag nrho ntawm tus nplaig muaj cov mucous.
Histology ntawm tus nplaig: qhov chaw qis dua muaj ib qho submucosa ntxiv, thiab cov mucosa yog txawb ntawm no. Tus nplaig rov qab tsis muaj nws. Thiab cov mucosa yog immobile ntawm no, nruj nreem fused nrog cov leeg.
Npaj histology piv txwv qhia tiascov mucosa hauv qab no yog suav tias yog hauv ob sab phlu, dorsal mucosa tshwj xeeb. Ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov leeg nqaij tuab thiab mucosa nws tus kheej, muaj kev sib txuas ntawm collagen thiab elastic fibers - cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Nws muaj zog heev. Nws txheej yog hu ua mesh. Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis qhov aponeurosis ntawm tus nplaig.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov grooved papillae, nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb. Rau cov npoo ntawm tus nplaig thiab thaum kawg, nws cov tuab yog txo. Histology ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus nplaig: cov leeg nqaij fibers dhau los ntawm lub qhov ntawm cov mesh no thiab txuas mus rau cov leeg me me. Qhov no ua rau aponeurosis muaj zog.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Nyob rau sab nraub qaum thiab sab hauv histology ntawm tus nplaig, cov mucosa tsim tshwj xeeb outgrowths - papillae. Raws li lawv cov duab, lawv txawv: filiform, nceb-puab, nplooj-puab (tsuas yog thaum yau) thiab grooved. Lawv muaj cov qauv sib xws - lawv yog raws li kev loj hlob ntawm mucosa. Sab nraum them nrog stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium nyob rau hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias.
Filiform papillae predominate ntawm papillae. Lawv yog cov tsawg tshaj plaws, tsis ntau tshaj 2.5 mm. Raws li histology ntawm tus nplaig, cov papillae no tau taw qhia, thiab lawv qhov kawg yog coj mus rau pharynx.
Lub epithelium ntawm lawv qhov kawg yog ntau txheej, tiaj tus, keratinizing. Koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov plaque hauv cov lus. Lub filiform papillae roughen tus nplaig. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog ua cov khoom siv kho tshuab, zoo li scrapers. Lawv pab txav cov khoom noj bolus mus rau caj pas. Tag nrho lwm cov papillae yog saj buds.
Tsis muaj papillae ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig. Lub epithelium ntawm no tsis sib xws - nrog pits thiab elevations. Qhov siab yogNyob rau hauv lub mucosa ntawm lymphatic nodules mus txog 0.5 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lawv qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog hu ua lingual tonsil. Recesses, los yog crypts, yog qhov chaw uas cov qog qaub ncaug (mucous) tawm ntawm ducts.
qauv ntawm papilla
Txhua papilla yog qhov kev loj hlob ntawm mucosa nws tus kheej. Nws cov duab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm thawj papilla, los ntawm qhov thib ob tawm mus. Lub hauv paus yog npog nrog epithelium, zoo li lub kaus mom.
Npaj histology piv txwv:
- Secondary papillae ncua ntawm sab saum toj ntawm thawj, feem ntau muaj 5-20 ntawm lawv.
- Lawv loj hlob mus rau hauv lub epithelium thiab tsis txiav txim siab qhov kev pab.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm papillae ntawm tus nplaig muaj ntau capillaries. Lawv ci los ntawm lub epithelium, muab lub mucosa xim liab. Histology ntawm saj buds ntawm tus nplaig qhia tau hais tias lawv nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm lub epithelium ntawm papillae. Cov saj buds, los yog buds (gemmaegustatoriae), yog lub davhlau ya nyob twg receptors ntawm lub cev ntawm saj.
Lawv yog cov pab pawg ntawm spindle-shaped curved hlwb nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 40-60, ntawm cov uas muaj receptor hlwb. Lawv txawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm microvilli ntawm apical kawg. Lub saj bud yog oval nyob rau hauv cov duab. Thiab nws qhov chaw apical yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dimples, qhov chaw saj pore nyob.
Cov khoom noj uas muaj qaub ncaug tuaj ntawm no, ntawm no lawv tau nqus los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb-dense (structureless). Cov proteins no tau tsim rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm microvilli, lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab cuam tshuam nrog ion ntws. Qhov kawg ntawm tus nplaig reacts rau qab zib, lateral nto- rau ntsev thiab qaub, hauv paus - rau iab.
Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no hloov lub peev xwm ntawm cov cell membranes, thiab cov teeb liab kis mus rau cov paj hlwb.
Mushroom papilla
Fungiform papillae muaj ob peb thiab nyob ntawm dorsal nto ntawm tus nplaig. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau sab thiab ntawm nws lub ntsis. Lawv loj dua, 0.7-1.5 hli ntev thiab txog 1 hli inch. Lawv tau txais lawv lub npe vim qhov tseeb tias lawv cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov nceb nrog lub kaus mom hauv cov duab. Txhua papilla muaj 3-4 saj buds.
Grooved, or groove-like, papillae are around a roller (vim lub npe). Localized nruab nrab ntawm lub cev thiab lub hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig ntawm nws dorsal nto. Muaj los ntawm 6 mus rau 12 ntawm lawv, ncab raws txoj kab ciam teb. Lawv qhov ntev yog 3-6 mm. Saum tus nplaig nce kom meej. Hauv PCT lub hauv paus ntawm papilla yog qhov kawg ntawm cov ducts ntawm salivary protein qog, lawv cia li qhib rau hauv lub trough. Lawv tsis pub leejtwg paub ntxuav los ntawm kev ntxuav lub trough ntawm papilla los ntawm microbes accumulating nyob rau hauv nws, zaub mov hais thiab desquamated epithelium.
Zoo tsim tau tsuas yog hauv cov menyuam yaus xwb. Lawv nyob rau ntawm tus nplaig sab nraud. Txhua pawg muaj 4-8 papillae, nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib faib qhov chaw nqaim. Lawv kuj tseem yaug los ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug lingual. Qhov ntev ntawm ib papilla yog li 2-5 hli.
Language development
Tus nplaig yog, qhov tseeb, qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm hauv pem teb ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Pib ntawm 4 lub lis piam ntawm fetal lub neejlub mesenchyme nyob rau hauv qab ntawm thawj qhov ncauj kab noj hniav pib loj hlob (proliferation). Lub ventral seem ntawm thawj peb gill arches koom nrog rau qhov no.
Histology ntawm kev txhim kho tus nplaig hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv: nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thawj thiab thib ob gill arches, ib qho kev sib txuas lus tsis sib xws yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Ib daim duab peb sab dorsal ntawm tus nplaig pib tsim los ntawm nws.
Lateral thiab anterior mus rau thawj lub lingual tubercle no, ob sab tubercles tshwm los ntawm cov khoom ntawm thawj koov. Lawv loj hlob sai heev, txav mus rau ib leeg, thiab sai sai sib koom ua ke.
Ib txoj kab ntev tseem nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv qhov kev sib tshuam. Nws yog hu ua qhov nruab nrab zawj ntawm tus nplaig. Ib txwm pom thaum kuaj lub qhov ncauj. Hauv lub cev ntawm tus nplaig, qhov zawj txuas ntxiv nrog cov ntaub so ntswg septum uas faib tus nplaig rau hauv 2 halves. Lub taub ntawm tus nplaig thiab nws lub cev yog los ntawm cov tubercles sab nraud. Lawv loj hlob ua ke nrog ib tug unpaired tubercle, npog nws. Los ntawm mesenchyme qab lub qhov muag tsis pom kev, lub hauv paus ntawm tus nplaig yog tsim. Qhov no yog thaj chaw uas qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov thib ob thiab thib peb gill arches tshwm sim, lub npe hu ua staple.
Tom qab kev txhim kho tus nplaig tiav, nws tsim thiab muaj ciam teb ntawm lub cev thiab cov hauv paus hniav - ib txoj kab V-shaped, apex qhia dorsally, nrog rau cov grooved papillae nyob. Raws li nws loj hlob thiab tsim, tus nplaig pib cais tawm hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thiab cov grooves sib sib zog nqus uas tsim pab nws hauv qhov no. Lawv sib sib zog nqus thiab nkag mus rau hauv nws qhov perimeter. Maj mam, lub cev tsim ntawm tus nplaig txhim kho kev txav mus los.
Histology ntawm cov leeg ntawm tus nplaig ua pov thawj tias lawv tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheemmyotomes ntawm occipital. Lawv cov hlwb tsiv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm tus nplaig anteriorly. Nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb tseem tshwm sim hauv nws qhov kev xav.
Innervation
Muaj ntau lub paj dawb xaus rau hauv cov lus. Vim muaj xws li ib tug ntse mob yog hais tias koj yuam kev tom nws. Lub anterior ntawm tus nplaig, 2/3, yog innervated los ntawm cov hlab ntsha trigeminal. Posterior thib peb - glossopharyngeal.
Nyob rau hauv lub mucosa nws tus kheej yog nws cov hlab ntsha plexus, uas muaj cov hlab ntsha fibers nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag teev ntawm tus nplaig, qog, epithelium thiab cov hlab ntsha. Thaum yug me nyuam, nws tus nplaig luv luv thiab dav, tsis muaj zog.
Lawv muab zais zais rau hauv mucous, protein thiab sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus yog mucous daim nyias nyias, nyob rau hauv lub cev yog cov protein, thiab nyob rau hauv lub taub hau yog mixed salivary qog.
Qhov kawg ntawm lawv cov ducts nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm PCT hauv qhov tuab ntawm tus nplaig. Protein nyob ib sab ntawm cov grooved thiab foliate papillae. Lawv cov seem kawg yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm branched tubules.
Cov qog mucous yog thaj chaw ntawm ob sab thiab hauv paus. Lawv qhov kawg ua rau hnoos qeev. Cov qog nqaij hlav sib xyaw yog nyob rau hauv qhov tuab ntawm tus nplaig nyob rau hauv seem anterior. Lawv muaj ducts ntau tshaj.
Language functions:
- kev ua khoom noj khoom haus, sib tov thiab nws nce qib ntawm lub pharynx;
- koom nrog kev tsim cov qaub ncaug;
- pab nqos;
- koom nrog kev xav paub.
Nyob rau hauv tus menyuam mos, lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus nplaig tseem ceeb heev thaum nqus mis hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog hom lusyog lub cev ntawm kev hais lus.
