Hnub no, muaj ntau cov tshuaj nyob rau ntawm lub rhawv ntawm cov khw muag tshuaj uas muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kab mob, suav nrog protozoa. Giardiasis kho yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no. Cov tshuaj dab tsi rau Giardia yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv dav?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws ntxiv, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab seb pab pawg twg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no los yog cov tshuaj kho mob. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj yog ua los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov spectrum ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm cov teeb meem hauv lub neej thiab lawv tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Qhov txawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam active Cheebtsam uas ua rau cov kev npaj rau Giardia, lawv, qhov tseeb, yog cais.
pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Muaj ob pawg tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev kho Giardia hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus (cov tshuaj tua kab mob):
- Nitrofurans. Muaj qhov nqus qhov ncauj siab thiab ib nrab ntawm lub neej luv luv ntawm lub cev, txhua yam tshwm sim hauv ib teev. Yog tias muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, lub sijhawm tshem tawm ntawm nitrofurans nce ntxiv. Muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj siab hauv tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntshav. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv lumen lub concentration ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj no ntau dua, uas qhia tau hais tias ib tug feem ntau lub zos nyhuv.
- Nitroimidazoles. Kuj tseem muaj qhov nqus tau zoo heev thaum noj qhov ncauj - ntau dua 80%, ib tus muaj lub neej ntev dua ib nrab ntawm lub cev - 6-20 teev. Muaj kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov placental thiab ntshav-hlwb teeb meem, lawv tom qab faib mus rau ntau yam ntaub so ntswg.
Pab pawg ntawm nitrofurans kuj suav nrog cov tshuaj hluavtaws nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj no yog raws li nram no: cov txheej txheem ntawm cellular respiration yog cuam tshuam, thiab tom qab lub cellular synthesis ntawm nucleic acids yog inhibited. Nws ntseeg tau tias nitrofurans tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab rau lub ntuj tiv thaiv ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev noj tshuaj uas yog pab pawg no, ib tus tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm txhua yam pathologies, suav nrog protozoal invasions, vim qhov no txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Yam tshuaj twg los kho Giardia, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim siab.
Cov pab pawg ntawm nitroimidazoles suav nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov teebmeem kev kho mob ntawm pawg tshuaj no yog raws li nram no: DNA replication thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cell protein synthesis yog inhibited. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no inhibit cellular respiration, uas kuj ua rau kev tuag ntawm protozoa. Nitroimidazoles cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau microflora ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv thiab inhibit lub ntuj tiv thaiv kab mob.
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau Giardia tau muag ntau ntau hnub no, qee zaum nws tuaj yeem xaiv nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob kho tus kheej. Txhua yam tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob xwb.
Thaum muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev kawm, cov kws kho mob nyiam sau tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau benzimidazole pawg tshuaj. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias hauv kev npaj rau Giardia rau cov neeg laus, uas muaj cov nyhuv antiparasitic, muaj cov tshuaj nquag hauv cov tshuaj. Nws yog derivative ntawm benzimidazole carbamate.
Raws li pom los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tau sau tseg thaum siv tshuaj rau kev kho mob Giardia hauv cov neeg laus, cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg benzimidazole. Raws li albendazole. Cov tshuaj no muaj kev puas tsuaj vim nws inhibits kev siv cov piam thaj (raws li paub, cov kab mob no feem ntau noj carbohydrates). Qhov no ua rau txo qis glycogen khw muag khoom, vim tias cov txheej txheem khoom noj khoom haus tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo, thiab kev tsim cov adenosine triphosphate, uas koom nrog cov txheej txheem biochemical ntawm anaerobes, kuj inhibited. Raws li qhov tshwm simib qho tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antiprotozoal nitrofurans thiab nitroimidazoles thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv giardia hauv cov neeg laus, nrog albendazole ua cov khoom xyaw nquag.
Albendazole yog absorbed tsis zoo, nws raug faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev hauv daim ntawv ntawm albendazole sulfoxide. Nws muaj ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 12 teev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum noj cov khoom noj rog, kev nqus tau nce yuav luag tsib zaug.
Hais txog kev ua haujlwm
kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau lees paub qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj raws li albendazole. Raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv, albendazole muaj 30 lossis ntau zaus ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm nitroimidazoles thiab nitrofurans.
Qee qhov chaw kuj tau tshaj tawm tias cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev kho Giardia hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, uas muaj levamisole lossis pyrantel ntsev ua cov khoom xyaw nquag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias pyrantel ntsev tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov kab mob cab, uas tau lees paub los ntawm thawj cov lus qhia rau cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li levamisole txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv kev kho mob nyuaj, tab sis tsuas yog ua ib qho ntxiv. Kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau Giardia yog ua los ntawm kev siv tshuaj uas muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob protozoan.
"Akrikhin" ("Mepakrin")
Tsuas yog cov tshuaj GiardiaRaws li albendazole, tuaj yeem siv "Akrikhin" ("Mepakrin"). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws siv niaj hnub no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Vim tias muaj cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom nyob hauv khw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no muaj kev nyuaj siab rau lub ntuj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub cev, uas yog heev undesirable nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm giardiasis thiab ntau lwm yam pathologies. Raws li kev zam, nws tsim nyog hais txog cov kab mob autoimmune, thiab txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj raws li levamisole. Cov tshuaj no muaj kev txhawb zog rau cov hlwb uas tsis muaj zog, thaum cov neeg noj qab haus huv tsis cuam tshuam, muaj kev nyuaj siab rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tias tsim nyog.
Tsis yog txhua tus paub txog cov npe tshuaj tiv thaiv Giardia rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus? Txij li thaum peb twb tau hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm pawg tswv cuab, nws tsim nyog mus ncaj qha rau cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tau siv dav thaum muaj teeb meem.
Npe tshuaj tiv thaiv Giardia
Cov pab pawg nitroimidazole suav nrog cov tshuaj xws li:
- "Metronidazole" nrog cov tshuaj nquag ntawm tib lub npe metronidazole. Yog tias koj muaj lub raum thiab / lossis lub siab tsis ua haujlwm, cov tshuaj no yuav raug siv, tab sis tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tsim nyog.
- "Trichopolum" nrog cov khoom xyaw nquag metronidazole. Yog tias mob siab lossis lub raum tsis txaus, kev siv tshuaj yuav tsum ceev faj.
- "Tinidazole" nrog cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm tib lub npe tinidazole. Ntxiv contraindications muaj xws li leukopenia, raum thiab/los yog daim siab tsis ua hauj lwm.
- "Ornidazole". Nws yog ib qho tshuaj uas nquag siv rau Giardia rau cov neeg laus. Cov khoom xyaw nquag yog ornidazole. Ua tib zoo noj raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm pathologies ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb xws li ntau yam sclerosis thiab qaug dab peg, nrog rau kev tsis haum xeeb ntawm lub raum thiab lub siab.
Tseem muaj lus ceeb toom. Tam sim no, qee hom kab mob cab tau ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Metronidazole, yog li lwm cov tshuaj feem ntau xaiv los ntawmpab pawg nitroimidazole, raws li nws ntseeg tau tias tus neeg sawv cev no tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, Metronidazole muaj cov npe ntev ntev ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Pab pawg ntawm nitrofurans suav nrog tshuaj xws li:
- YFurazolidone. Cov tshuaj no yav dhau los tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob Giardia hauv cov neeg laus. Cov khoom xyaw nquag yog furazolidone. Yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb, tsis muaj piam thaj, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab / lossis lub siab tsis ua haujlwm, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj nrog ceev faj heev. Nco tseg. Kev siv ntev ntawm "Furazolidone" tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev kho mob ntawm giardiasis provokes tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj no ntawm qee hom kab mob parasites. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj "Furazolidone" muaj cov npe loj heev ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim yog siab heev (kwv yees li 40%).
- "Macmirora" nrog cov khoom xyaw nquag nifuratel.
Cov pab pawg benzimidazole (nrog cov khoom xyaw nquag albendazole) suav nrog cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm Giardia hom:
- Albendazole;
- Zentela;
- Nemozola.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov nyiaj no. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi.
Tshuaj feem ntau siv rau cov menyuam yaus:
- "Zentel", uas nres cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tawm, kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lamblia thiab tau muab rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 3 xyoos thiab tshaj;
- "Nemozol", uas yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob broad-spectrum zoo;
- "Enterofuril", tau sau tseg rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lamblia hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam mos;
- "Vermox", uas yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws anthelmintic tus neeg sawv cev, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntau yam kab mob parasitic protozoa thiab yog tshuaj rau cov me nyuam los ntawm 2 xyoos;
- "Decaris", tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm anthelmintic sai thiab pom zoo siv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog peb xyoos.
Cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho Giardia hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, peb tau tshuaj xyuas.
YContraindications
Nws tsis tuaj yeem xaiv cov tshuaj zoo yam tsis muaj cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog cov teeb meem no. Tag nrho cov tshuaj saum toj no yogQhov sib txawv ntawm contraindications thiab tshwm sim tsis zoo tshwm sim, kev loj hlob ntawm qhov ua tau thaum noj tshuaj.
Koj yuav tsum xav txog contraindications ua ntej noj cov tshuaj, thiab nws zoo dua nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev. Nov yog yuav siv tshuaj los yog pab pawg twg siv tsis tau.
Yog li, nitroimidazoles tsis raug tshuaj rau: ntshav pathologies, leukopenia, lub raum thiab / lossis daim siab tsis ua haujlwm (tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb), tsis muaj hematopoiesis, tus neeg intolerance rau cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj ntawm pawg nitrofuran, cev xeeb tub. thiab pub niam mis, kab mob ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb hom systems.
Nitrofurans tsis raug sau tseg rau: mob hnyav hnyav, cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis, tsis muaj piam thaj thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig, tus neeg intolerance rau ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab derivatives ntawm pawg nitrofuran. Rau cov tshuaj raws li nifuratel, feem ntau ntawm cov npe raug cais tawm thiab ntxiv nrog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: qabzib malabsorption, ib tus neeg tsis txaus siab rau cov piam thaj, sucrose / qabzib tsis txaus.
Tshuaj raws li albendazole tsis raug tshuaj rau: cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis, tus neeg intolerance rau cov tshuaj los yog lwm yam benzimidazole derivatives, pathologies ntawm retina.
Side effects
Nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim lojcov tshuaj saum toj no yuav tsum tau sab laj ua ntej.
Cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawm pawg nitroimidazole tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv plab hnyuv - xeev siab, ib qho tsis xis nyob tom qab noj hauv qhov ncauj, ntuav, mob plab, raws plab.
- Los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb - kiv taub hau, tsis nco qab thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav, mob taub hau, convulsions. Muaj tsawg zaus, qaug dab peg.
- Kev tsis haum ntawm daim tawv nqaij - pob khaus, khaus.
- Rau ib feem ntawm hematopoietic systems - neutropenia, leukopenia.
Cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawm pawg nitrofuran tshwm sim:
- plab hnyuv - raws plab, xeev siab, kub hnyiab, iab saj hauv qhov ncauj, ntuav, tsis qab los.
- Kev tsis haum ntawm daim tawv nqaij - pob khaus, o, khaus.
- Los ntawm sab ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb (los ntawm Furazolidone) - neuritis.
Cov tsos mob tsis zoo ntawm benzimidazole pawg tshuaj los ntawm Giardia thiab kab mob tshwm sim lawv tus kheej:
- Rau ib feem ntawm lub plab zom mov - daim siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kab mob siab, tsis qab los noj mov, mob sab xis, ntuav, xeev siab, raws plab thiab lwm yam.
- Los ntawm sab ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb - nce siab (intracranial), mob taub hau, meningeal tsos mob, kiv taub hau.
- Ntawm ib feem ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,granulocytopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia thiab lwm yam.
- Nyob rau ntawm lub raum - raum tsis ua haujlwm.
- Txog ntawm sab ntawm cov hlab plawv - nce siab (arterial).
- Kev tsis haum ntawm daim tawv nqaij - pob khaus, khaus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema.
- Lwm cov tsos mob - alopecia, hyperthermia.
Rating tshuaj
Txhua tus xav nrhiav cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau Giardia. Tom qab kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem pib ua qib. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm peb cov npe yuav yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws thiab nyab xeeb, raws li cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas.
Giardia tshuaj ntsuam xyuas:
- "Macmirror" (analogue yog "Nifuratel") - yog suav tias yog cov tshuaj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo tshaj plaws uas tam sim no muaj muag.
- "Ornidazole" (analogue yog "Tiberal").
- Nemozol thiab nws cov analogues.
- "Tinidazole" (analogue yog "Tiniba").
- YFurazolidone.
- YMetronidazole, Trichopol.
- "Akrikhin".
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Kev Npaj rau Giardia hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus raws li albendazole feem ntau yog tshuaj rau kev cuam tshuam cov kab mob loj heev. Yog tias tus mob no tsis tau sau tseg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov tshuaj maj mam.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, cov lus qhia yuav tsum nruj me ntsishwm. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv Giardia tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm no muaj qee yam kev mob tshwm sim, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev nyab xeeb kiag li, lawv muaj cov tshuaj toxicity siab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ua ntej siv cov tshuaj kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj contraindications. Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias ntau cov nyiaj tau yuav hauv khw muag tshuaj tsuas yog los ntawm kws kho mob. Yam tshuaj twg los xaiv los ntawm Giardia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub ua ntej.
In xaus
Kev kho mob ntawm giardiasis hnyav rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus yog qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ntau yam tshuaj uas tsis yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, vim nws tshwm sim hauv peb theem. Txhua theem no muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv.
Mob giardiasis lossis carriage, raws li txoj cai, tsis koom nrog kev siv ntau yam tshuaj. Ib los yog ob koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo heev tuaj yeem txaus.
