Kuaj ntshav biochemical. ALT thiab AST: deciphering indicators

Cov txheej txheem:

Kuaj ntshav biochemical. ALT thiab AST: deciphering indicators
Kuaj ntshav biochemical. ALT thiab AST: deciphering indicators

Video: Kuaj ntshav biochemical. ALT thiab AST: deciphering indicators

Video: Kuaj ntshav biochemical. ALT thiab AST: deciphering indicators
Video: Qhia Tus Tshuaj Uas Yuav Los Kho Tus Kab Mob Uas Tab Tom Tshwm Sim Loj Heev Rau Tam Sim No Zoo Heev 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Alanine aminotransferase, lossis ALT, thiab aspartate aminotransferase, lossis AST, yog cov enzymes pom hauv lub cev hlwb uas koom nrog hauv cov amino acid metabolism. Lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev, thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tsuas yog thaum lub cell decays vim raug mob los yog pathologies.

Nyob ntawm kab mob

Cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau ntawm ALT qhia txog kev txhim kho pathology ntawm lub cev, hauv cov hlwb uas muaj nws qhov loj tshaj plaws. Qhov ua rau muaj kev nce hauv alanine aminotransferase yog daim siab pathologies. Kev hnov qhov tsis xis nyob thiab mob nyob rau hauv txoj cai hypochondrium, raws plab, icteric staining ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias, flatulence, iab belching yog cov cim qhia ntawm kev nce hauv ALT. Thaum kuaj ntshav, nce qib ntawm bilirubin koom nrog qhov nce ALT thiab AST thaum muaj kab mob siab. Ntau zaus, qhov nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm ALT qhia tias muaj lwm yam kab mob. ALT concentration muaj qhov ncaj qhaKev vam khom rau qhov hnyav ntawm pathology.

ntshav kuaj alt thiab ast decoding
ntshav kuaj alt thiab ast decoding

txheej txheem Necrotic hauv cov leeg nqaij ua rau tso tawm cov enzymes rau hauv cov ntshav. Lawv cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav qab zib kuj qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm lwm cov kab mob plawv: tsis txaus, mob plawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laj thawj ntawm kev nce qib ntawm ALT hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev raug mob, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov leeg nqaij, thiab mob pancreatitis.

Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical rau ALT thiab AST tuaj yeem qhia txog kab mob ntawm daim siab, txiav, lub plawv. Nrog rau cardioinfarction, qhov concentration ntawm AST nce ntau zaus, thiab ALT - me ntsis.

Kev qhia rau kev coj ua

Tib neeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ALT thiab AST enzymes, yog li kev nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee yam enzyme qhia kev puas tsuaj rau ib lub cev:

alt thiab ast cov ntawv teev ntshav
alt thiab ast cov ntawv teev ntshav

• ALT feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv daim siab, lub plawv, lub raum thiab pancreatic cells. Yog tias cov kabmob no raug rhuav tshem, ntau ALT raug tso rau hauv cov ntshav. Tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev kuaj mob, nws yuav tsum tau kawm tshwj xeeb rau alanine aminotransferase.

• AST feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg, daim siab thiab lub plawv hlwb, thiab nyob rau hauv me me nyob rau hauv pancreatic, ntsws thiab lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib qho kev xeem aspartate aminotransferase yog tsim nyog.

ALT thiab AST ntshav kuaj (txiav txim siab) qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev. Nce lawvqhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev uas cov enzymes nyob. Thiab, raws li, qhov txo qis qhia tau tias muaj kev kho mob. Kev nce me ntsis ntawm ALT hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub yog qhov ua tau zoo, tab sis nws yuav tsum rov kuaj ntshav rau aminotransferases kom txiav txim siab lub siab puas tsuaj.

Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical (ALT, AST) tau sau tseg thaum xav tias mob plawv nres, lawv ua haujlwm ua ib qho kev qhia ntxov hauv qhov mob hnyav. Deciphering AST nyob rau hauv biochemical tsom xam ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus kuaj thiab saib xyuas cov dynamics ntawm lwm yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub plawv cov leeg, kab mob siab thiab kab mob ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv.

Kev npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav rau kev tshawb fawb

Ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam biochemical yog noj thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub plab khoob ntawm cov leeg. Thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam, 8 teev yuav tsum tau dhau mus. los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kawg. Rau 24 teev. ua ntej kuaj ntshav, haus cawv thiab kib thiab rog yog txwv tsis pub noj. Nws raug pom zoo kom txo qis kev tawm dag zog lub cev.

decoding ntawm cov ntshav kuaj alt ast norm
decoding ntawm cov ntshav kuaj alt ast norm

Tam sim ntawd tom qab ultrasound, x-ray, fluorography, colonoscopy lossis physiotherapy cov txheej txheem, ntshav tseem tsis tau pom zoo kom coj mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas, txwv tsis pub kev txiav txim siab ntawm biochemistry yuav cuam tshuam. Rau 1-2 lub lis piam. ua ntej kev tshawb fawb biochemical, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj. Thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li tus mob no, tus kws kho mob sau ntawv txog kev noj cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov koob tshuaj hauv kev taw qhia rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Hauv kev kuaj ntshav biochemical (txiav txim siab ALT,AST) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tawm dag zog hnyav, nrog rau kev haus cawv thiab hemolysis.

Cov ntawv xeem ntshav - ALT, AST: normal

Ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov enzymes yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv? Kev kuaj ntshav biochemical (txiav txim siab ALT, AST), tus qauv rau cov poj niam yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 31 txog 35 units ib liter ntawm cov ntshav. Rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev sib deev muaj zog, daim duab no txawv me ntsis. Cov qauv ntawm ALT hauv cov ntshav hauv cov txiv neej (kev txiav txim siab ntawm biochemistry) yog los ntawm 41 txog 50 units / l. Hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab (txog li 1 lub hlis), kev nyeem ntawv ib txwm sib haum mus txog 75 units, txij li 2 txog 12 lub hlis. - tsis ntau tshaj 60 units, thiab los ntawm ib xyoos mus rau 14 xyoo - tsawg dua 45 units. Kev kuaj ntshav (ALT, AST) nrog kev nyeem ntawv ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem qhia tau tias cirrhotic puas lossis mob ua rau lub siab mob, congestive lossis hemolytic jaundice, lwm yam kab mob siab (xws li neoplasms), angina pectoris nyob rau theem nres, mob rheumatic mob plawv, myopathy, Cov kua tsib stasis, pulmonary embolism thiab mob pancreatitis.

biochemical kuaj ntshav decoding alt ast norm
biochemical kuaj ntshav decoding alt ast norm

ALT thiab AST ntshav kuaj (txiav txim siab) nrog kev nyeem ntawv nce ntxiv tau pom hauv kev raug mob, kev phais plawv lossis angiocardiography. Qhov nce AST qhov ntsuas los ntawm 20-50 zaug hauv qee kis qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob siab nrog rau necrosis, thiab kab mob siab ntawm tus kab mob etiology. Kev nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm AST los ntawm 2-5 zaug tuaj yeem qhia cov kab mob hemolysis, mob nqaij, mob pancreatitis thiab gangrene. Nrog dystrophic phenomenaNyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntshiv thiab dermatomyositis, pom 8-fold nce hauv AST.

Ritis ratio

Yuav kom tau txais cov lus teb raug, ALT thiab AST ntshav kuaj (txiav txim siab) qhia qhov piv ntawm cov ntsuas hloov pauv. Qhov piv no qhia tau hais tias de Ritis coefficient ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum tus lej siab dua tus qauv (N=1, 3), qhov no qhia tias muaj cov kab mob plawv, thiab thaum nws qis dua tus qauv, nws qhia tau tias muaj kab mob siab.

Vim tias aminotransferases muaj cov ntaub so ntswg hauv zos, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntshav kuaj AST qhia cov kab mob ntawm myocardium, thiab ALT - cov kab mob ntawm daim siab, uas yog, muaj cov cell lwj:

biochemical kuaj ntshav rau alt thiab ast
biochemical kuaj ntshav rau alt thiab ast

• Thaum muaj ntau tshaj 2 zaug lossis ntau dua, lub plawv nres yog txiav txim siab hauv plawv.

• ALT thiab AST ntshav kuaj (txiav txim siab) qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - qhov no yog pov thawj ntawm kev kis kab mob siab rau lub sijhawm incubation.

• Nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv aminotransferase, muaj qhov tsis muaj pyridoxine hauv lub cev. Ntawm no, kev kuaj mob sib txawv nrog cev xeeb tub yog qhov tsim nyog.

Tactics

Nquag, cov tshuaj hloov pauv muaj nyob hauv me me hauv cov ntshav ntshav. Txhua qhov kev xaiv rau kev nce qib ntawm aminotransferase yog yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas.

biochemical tsom xam cov ntshav ntsuas ntawm alt ast
biochemical tsom xam cov ntshav ntsuas ntawm alt ast

Yuav pib nrog, rov kuaj ntshav biochemical (txiav txim siab ALT, AST) yuav tsum tau ua. Kev tshuaj xyuas dua ntawm qee tus neeg (cov neeg pub dawb) qhia tau hais tias ib txwm muaj nyob hauv ib feem peb ntawm cov xwm txheej.

Tom ntej koj xav tauua tib zoo sau anamnesis thiab ua ib qho kev xeem kom tiav.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm anamnesis hauv kev txiav txim siab

Keeb kwm suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev noj tshuaj, kev hloov ntshav, muaj tus kab mob jaundice lossis kab mob siab, kab mob hauv tsev neeg ntawm daim siab lossis muaj cirrhosis hauv nws, mob plab, mob qog noj ntshav, ntshav qab zib, rog, lossis, hloov pauv, nrawm. poob phaus.

kab mob hauv tsev neeg yog kev quav cawv, Wilson's kab mob, thiab lwm yam.

Yog tias qhov kev kuaj ntshav ALT thiab AST (kev txiav txim siab) pom tsawg dua ob npaug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ib txwm muaj, nws yuav tsum tau npaj kev soj ntsuam thiab kuaj 2 zaug. Qhov kev tawm tsam no zoo rau cov neeg mob.

ALT thiab AST ntshav kuaj - txiav txim siab rau qee yam kab mob

Kev nce me ntsis hauv kev hloov pauv yog qhov qhia tau tias tsis muaj cawv ua rau lub siab puas tsuaj, suav nrog "fatty siab", tsis muaj cawv steatohepatosis, kab mob siab ntev.

Kev nce nruab nrab tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lossis dej cawv ntawm lub siab thiab ntau yam kab mob siab ntev nrog lossis tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cirrhotic.

qib siab yog ib yam ntawm cov kab mob siab hnyav, tshuaj lom lossis tshuaj necrosis, poob siab, lossis mob siab ischemia.

Cov qib siab ntau (ntau dua 2000-3000 U / l) muaj nyob nrog kev siv tshuaj acetaminophen ntau dhau thiab siv rau cov neeg mob haus dej cawv, hauv kev poob siab thiab / lossis hepatic ischemia.

biochemical ntshav kuaj decoding alt ast
biochemical ntshav kuaj decoding alt ast

Yuav tsumNws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txij li thaum ALT pom nyob rau hauv erythrocytes, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv lawv cov kev puas tsuaj thaum npaj cov ntshav rau kev tsom xam. ALT yuav txo qis yog tias cov ntshav khaws cia rau ob peb hnub.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj, tshuaj ntsuab thiab lwm yam tshuaj

Kuv ua tib zoo saib xyuas keeb kwm kev noj thiab txhais cov kev kuaj sim yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov kab mob siab zoo sib xws tau kuaj pom hauv 1-2% ntawm cov neeg mob daim siab mob hauv daim ntawv mob ntev. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, cov tshuaj uas tsis yog-steroidal anti-inflammatory thiab tshuaj rau kev kho tuberculosis.

Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los txiav txim siab qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev nce hauv aminotransferases nrog txhua tus neeg sawv cev yog tshem tawm nws thiab saib xyuas qib ntawm cov enzymes. Yog tias tsis thim qhov kev daws teeb meem, qhov kev cia siab no tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.

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