hnoos qhuav, uas tau muab cais ua tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, yog ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw ntawm kev nthuav dav. Ntxiv mus, qhov teeb meem no muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog qeb. Txhua xyoo, cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg mob me tig mus rau cov kws kho mob hauv kev sib txuas nrog pathologies ntawm bronchopulmonary system. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau thiab ntau tus neeg mob vim yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig, lub nra ntawm caj ces, nrog rau ntau yam kev pheej hmoo ntawm tsev neeg thiab kev tshaj lij.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, hnoos qhuav yog cov tsos mob tas mus li hauv 11-18% ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, tus neeg mob tsis suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai. Txawm li cas los xij, hnoos reflex ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv daim ntawv ntawm pneumomediastinum thiab pneumothorax.
Symptom definition
hnoos yog lo lus nugib qho kev tiv thaiv mechanism uas lub cev yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub ntsws los ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab txaus ntshai khoom. Xws li ib tug reflex expels tus neeg sawv cev pathogenic ua rau mucosal puas nrog rau cov hnoos qeev. Thaum hnoos, cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm cov kab mob ua pa tsim kom muaj kev sib zog ua kom cov pa tawm ntawm lawv cov bronchi, thiab cov epithelium ntawm lub cev no thawb cov hnoos qeev tawm hauv lub cev nrog nws cov cilia.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum hnoos qhuav. Nrog rau txoj kev no, tsis muaj hnoos qeev. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsuas yog tsis muaj mucus, los yog nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv me me ntim. Qhov no ua rau ib tug neeg hnoos qhuav heev. Yog tias tus mob no kav ntev txog 3 lub lis piam, ces nws yog suav tias yog mob. Los ntawm peb lub lis piam mus rau peb lub hlis - protracted. Yog tias ntuav hnoos qhuav tsis ploj mus ntev dua li lub sijhawm no, nws yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm tus txheej txheem ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsos mob ntxiv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hoarseness nyob rau hauv lub suab, ua tsis taus pa luv, o lymph nodes nyob rau hauv caj dab, thiab tsis muaj zog.
Ntau yam
Txhua tus yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm hnoos nquag thiab qhuav. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj tsis siv zog los tshem tawm nws hom mob, ces qhov teeb meem yuav dhau mus thiab ua rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.
Cov hnoos qeev qhuav tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus li cas?
- Ntawm. Qee lub sij hawm xws li hnoos tshwm sim vim mob hawb pob bronchial, hnyav dhau, cov kab mob uas twb muaj lawm. Cov neeg haus luam yeeb hnyav kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov tsos mob tsis zoo no.
- Qhia. Qhov hnoos zoo li no yog pov thawj tias cov kab mob ua pa tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms lossiskev puas tsuaj rau lub suab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus neeg mob hawb pob thiab hoarseness.
- kua muag thiab txuas ntxiv. Daim ntawv no ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis kaj siab qhia qhov tshwm sim ntawm hnoos hawb pob lossis mob hawb pob. Nquag hnoos qhuav hauv tus menyuam uas tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj, qee zaum dhau los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj DTP.
- Ntawm nrog lub suab nrov. Nrog rau daim ntawv no ntawm hnoos qhuav heev nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam los yog neeg laus, yuav ua rau mob ntsws ntsws.
- Hnub lossis hmo ntuj. Xws li cov ntawv hnoos feem ntau tshwm sim vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathologies ntawm cov hlab ntshav. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, kab mob plawv los yog lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Qee lub sij hawm nocturnal los yog thaum nruab hnub hnoos tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob neurological.
Ua rau hnoos qhuav
Dab tsi ua rau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo no? Nws yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav yog:
- hnoos hnoos. Cov kab mob no yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev hnoos tsis tu ncua, nrog rau kev ua pa tob, thaum lub suab qw nrov nrov.
- YPharyngitis. Nrog rau qhov no pathology, tsis dhau kev hnoos luv luv tau pom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub nasopharyngeal mucosa dries los yog mucus accumulates ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub larynx.
- Tuberculosis. Cov kab mob no ua rau hnoos uas koj tuaj yeem hnov suab qis uas zoo li maj mam nce.
- YTracheitis thiab laryngitis. Nrog xws pathologies, ib tug hnoos hnoos tshwm. Nws qhov tshwm sim yog yooj yim los ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory uas npog lub suab qaum. Yog tus neeg mob muajpom nrog ib tug barking qhuav hnoos, nquag ua pa nyuaj thiab bubbling suab, ces qhov no yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm cov tsos ntawm croup.
- Bronchial hawb pob lossis obstructive bronchitis. Hauv qhov no, hnoos qhuav thiab nquag nquag yog obsessive thiab tshwm sim ze rau thaum sawv ntxov.
- hnoos hnoos. hnoos nrog tus kab mob no yog obsessive.
- Kev puas siab puas ntsws. Qee zaum thaum noj mov lossis thaum hais lus hnoos qhuav, cov ntawv hlau tau hnov. Cov mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li pathology tuaj yeem kuaj tau tsuas yog tom qab kev kuaj xyuas tag.
- Sinusitis, rhinitis lossis sinusitis. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no yog nrog los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov hnoos qeev nyob rau hauv lub ntsws. Thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, ib qho hnoos tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
- Mob siab. Feem ntau, ntuav hnoos tsis ua npaws tshwm rau tus neeg laus. Thiab yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim no yog kev tsim txom ntawm ntau yam kua ntses thiab txuj lom.
- Kev tsis haum. Ib qho hnoos qhuav heev qhia tau hais tias muaj qee yam kev khaus khaus uas ua rau tsis zoo rau kev ua pa. Nws tuaj yeem ntxuav hmoov thiab hmoov av hauv tsev, paj paj ntoo lossis tshuaj hauv tsev. Feem ntau cov neeg mob no muaj hnoos qeev. Lawv qhov kev nthuav dav tshwm sim thaum hmo ntuj.
Ntawm cov laj thawj uas ua rau kom qhuav heev thiab tib lub sijhawm hnoos nquag kuj yog:
- kev xav thiab kev ntxhov siab;
- haus luam yeeb uas ua rau mob plab;
- ntseeg txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv mucosa;
- kev tawm tsam tsis zoo,tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj tshuaj;
- lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm;
- oncology;
- pathology ntawm thyroid caj pas;
- teeb meem nrog plab hnyuv tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim ntawm fistula nyob rau hauv txoj hlab pas los yog trachea.
Diagnostics
Yog tias hnoos qhuav tas li, kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj tshem tau qhov teeb meem? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem tawm nws qhov laj thawj. Thiab rau qhov no koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob. Nws yuav tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob cov lus tsis txaus siab thiab ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas. Yuav kom kuaj tau qhov tseeb, nws yuav tsum pub ntshav thiab hnoos qeev (yog tias muaj tom kawg) rau kev tshawb fawb tsim nyog.
Nrog qee yam ua rau hnoos qhuav, lawv qhov kev txheeb xyuas tau ua tau thaum lub sijhawm x-rays. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov pom ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm lub ntsws los yog hloov pauv hauv lub ntsws qauv, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog hauv lub hauv siab.
Qee zaum, cov kws kho mob siv spirometry thiab spirography los txheeb xyuas cov laj thawj uas ua rau hnoos qhuav. Kev ua cov kev tshawb fawb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob bronchopulmonary thaum ntxov ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.
Txoj kev kuaj tau zoo tshaj plaws, uas yog siv thaum hnoos qhuav, yog bodiothysmography. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntau yam tsis tau teem tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub ntsws, tab sis rau tag nrho lub cev. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, tus kws kho mob kos cov lus xaus txog qib kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob thiab muaj cov kab mob zais cia. Lub cev lithysmography yog cov txheej txheem tsis mob kiag li, tsis muaj mob rau lub cev thiab tsis xav tautsis muaj kev npaj ua ntej. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ua nws, yog tias tsim nyog, ntau zaus.
Ua ntej yuav sau ib chav kho mob rau cov hnoos qhuav thiab nquag hnoos hauv cov chaw kho mob tshwj xeeb, tussography tuaj yeem ua tau. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub no, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab qhov kev siv thiab zaus ntawm hnoos, nrog rau nws qhov kev faib tawm raws sijhawm. Xws li kev ntsuam xyuas tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov tseeb ua rau hnoos. Raws li qhov no, nws txoj kev kho kom raug yuav raug sau tseg.
Yog tias hnoos qhuav ntev ntev, tus kws kho mob qee zaum xa nws tus neeg mob mus rau bronchoscopy. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, ib qho kev sojntsuam tshwj xeeb yog siv, nruab nrog lub koob yees duab me me. Lub bronchoscope tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntsws thiab xa cov duab tshwm sim rau lub monitor.
Tseem muaj ib txoj hauv kev thoracoscopy. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ua rau hnoos qhuav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nqa tawm siv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv. Ib lub thoracoscope (xws li lub cuab yeej hu ua) yog muab tso rau hauv lub ntsws los ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv lub hauv siab phab ntsa. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas kab mob ntsws, pleurisy, mob ntsws cancer thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Drug therapy
Yuav ua li cas kho hnoos qhuav? Resorption ntawm lollipops yuav pab tshem tawm cov tsos mob zoo li no hauv menyuam yaus lossis hauv cov neeg laus. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis yog txhua qhov tsim nyog uas lawv yuav tsum muaj zog lossis tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua kom cov kev ua ntawm cov qog salivary. Qhov no yuav txhawb kom nqos tau ntau zaus. Kua qaub pib moisturize lub mucous daim nyias nyias, tshem tawm lawv irritation. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nqos reflex tso cai rau koj tshem tawmkev tawm tsam. Rau kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm hnoos, nws txoj kev hloov ntawm qhuav mus rau qhov tsim tau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab tshem cov hnoos qeev, cov tsos mob tsis zoo yuav tsis thab tus neeg ntxiv lawm.
Yog tus me nyuam hnoos qhuav heev tsis nres, nws raug nquahu kom pib siv cov tshuaj mucolytic thiab expectorant. Cov tshuaj no yuav txo cov viscosity ntawm hnoos qeev, uas yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pib cov txheej txheem ntawm nws excretion.
Anspasmodics
Hauv kev kho mob hnoos qhuav hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, qee zaum yuav tsum tau tshem tawm nws qhov kev tawm tsam. Rau qhov no, siv tshuaj, qhov kev txiav txim uas muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm qhov chaw hnoos. Antispasmodics yuav pab tau qhov no. Cov tshuaj no txo qis spasm hauv bronchi thiab pab tshem tawm hnoos. Ntawm lawv yog Teofedrin thiab Atropine. Lawv qhov kev noj haus yuav pab kom cov leeg ntawm bronchi thiab ua pa ntawm lub ntsws. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov nyiaj no, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev mob ntsws ntsws thiab mob ntsws.
Antitussives
Qee lub sij hawm bouts ntawm cov tsos mob tsis kaj siab ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau tus neeg mob lub cev. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog bronchitis, qhuav pleurisy, hnoos hawb pob thiab lwm yam kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, yuav ua li cas kho mob hnoos qhuav? Txawm tias ua ntej lub sijhawm thaum cov hnoos qeev tshwm sim, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pib suppressing qhov tsis kaj siab reflex. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav tsis tso cai rau tus neeg mob lub cev tsis muaj zog kiag li.
Ntawm no, siv tshuaj uas yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Lawv muaj cov nyhuv hauv zos ntawm cov paj hlwb receptors, thaum muab cov tshuaj sedativethiab cov nyhuv analgesic. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no tsis yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj narcotic.
Siv cov tshuaj no tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm tus kab mob, ua ntej cov hnoos qeev thiab, raws li txoj cai, thaum mus pw. Feem ntau, Broncholitin syrup yog siv los tshem tawm cov teeb meem no. Nws pab txhawb kom tau txais cov nyhuv ua ke, muab tshuaj tua kab mob, mucolytic thiab antitussive teebmeem. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj hnoos hnoos yuav tsum raug txiav tawm yog tias cov hnoos qeev raug tsim.
Musolitics
Yog tus neeg laus lossis menyuam yaus hnoos qhuav tas li, kuv yuav ua li cas yog tias muaj cov hnoos qeev stagnation? Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau muab cov nyiaj uas yuav dilute nws thiab txhawb excretion los ntawm lub cev - expectorant thiab mucolytic. Cov tshuaj no ua ke ob qho tib si ntawm cov teebmeem no nrog cov tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv. Kev siv cov mucolytics yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hawb pob nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm lub ntsws thiab bronchi, nrog rau ua pa nyuaj. Raws li kev siv hnoos qeev, cov tshuaj no tsis tuaj yeem txo nws. Txawm li cas los xij, noj lawv tso lub cev ntawm cov hnoos qeev hauv nws, ua kom nws ua pa yooj yim dua.
txhais tau tias nrog cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig ntawm lawv yog Ambrobene, Amroxol, Bromhexine thiab lawv cov analogues.
Kev pab zoo hauv kev tshem tawm hnoos qhuav yog muab los ntawm syrups raws li plantain. Cov no yog Doctor Theiss thiab Herbion.
Tshuaj tua kab mob
Tshuaj pab pawg noyog siv los tshem tawm cov kab mob thaum paub meej tias cov kab mob ntawm pathology. Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau tshuaj tua kab mob tsuas yog hauv cov mob hnyav tshaj plaws. Yog tias tus kab mob me me, qhov kev kho mob zoo li no yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg mob. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsom rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntuj, uas, ntawm lwm yam, pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua xua.
Sedatives
Nquag hnoos qhuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem tshem tawm tsuas yog tom qab kho tus kab mob paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Yog tsis muaj nws teem sijhawm, noj sedatives yog txaus ntshai.
Yuav Antihistamines
Yog hais tias hnoos qhuav yog qhov ua xua, ces tshem tawm cov tsos mob tsis zoo yuav tsum pib tam sim ntawd. Qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab qee lub sijhawm, kev hnoos hnoos tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv nyuaj thiab ncua ntev.
Thaum muaj kev fab tshuaj, cov kws kho mob feem ntau sau cov tshuaj xws li Suprastin, Zyrtec thiab Zodak.
kev kho mob radical
Qee zaum, noj cov tshuaj uas kws kho mob tau sau tseg tsis tuaj yeem txo qis qhov hnoos qhuav qhuav. Thiab qhov tseeb no cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm lub neej ntawm tus me nyuam los yog ib tug neeg laus. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev kho mob yog nqa tawm nrog kev teem sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj, uas suav nrog ethylmorphine, codeine thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hnoos ntawm lub hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no muaj qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim. Lawv cuam tshuam ntau yamlub hlwb muaj nuj nqi thiab muaj yees. Tias yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li raug coj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tshaj plaws, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog hauv tsev kho mob. Qhov no tshwm sim, piv txwv li, hauv oncology.
Kev nqus pa
Yog tias hnoos nquag thiab qhuav yam tsis ua npaws hauv tus menyuam lossis tus neeg laus, ces cov tshuaj txhaj rau hauv lub ntsws ua pa yuav pab tau sai thiab zoo tshaj plaws. Ua kom nqus tau pa tso cai rau koj kom moisturize lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub ntsws thiab bronchi thiab "xa" cov tshuaj rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis kab mob. Thaum ua tiav cov txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem tsim thiab tshem tawm cov hnoos qeev yog qhib rau hauv lub cev.
nqus tau yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj nebulizers. Thaum tsis muaj cov khoom siv li no, nws txaus los nqa ib lub thawv uas koj yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj kho kub. Tus neeg mob hauv qhov no yuav tsum ua pa nkev, npog nws lub taub hau nrog ib daim ntaub tuab.
Kev nqus pa:
- tshuaj tshuaj - "Lazolvan", "Berodual", "Ambrobene";
- dej ntxhia, dej qab zib lossis ntsev, uas ua kom cov tawv nqaij thiab moisturize cov mucous qhuav;
- tshuaj ntsuab decoctions ntawm sage, eucalyptus, linden, mint, chamomile, cedar lossis fir.
kev kho neeg zoo
Koj tuaj yeem cawm ib tus neeg los ntawm hnoos qhuav thaum siv lwm cov zaub mov txawv.
Cia peb saib qee yam:
- Nkauj. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov txheej txheem no, ntau yam kev daws teeb meem yog siv. Cov nyhuv loj tshaj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawmyog tias qhov ua rau hnoos yog o ntawm lub larynx. Rinsing yuav soften lub mucous daim nyias nyias, moisturize nws thiab txo o. Feem ntau tsim nyog rau cov hom phiaj no yog cov tshuaj npaj los ntawm dej qab zib thiab ntsev, noj nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos nyiaj nrog ntxiv ntawm ob peb tee ntawm iodine. Chamomile infusion kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
- Nyob mis nyuj sov. Cov khoom no, thaum rhuab, yuav soothe thiab soften lub caj pas. Thaum ntxiv rau nws me me ntawm butter, cocoa lossis butter, ntxiv rau ib teaspoon ntawm zib mu, mis nyuj yuav tsim ib qho softening thiab enveloping nyhuv uas yuav kav mus ntev lub sij hawm.
- Ua kom lub cev sov. Thaum tsis muaj kev xav tias muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev kis kab mob thiab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias me ntsis hauv tus neeg mob, rub, zaws thiab compresses yuav pab tshem tawm hnoos qhuav. Lawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem congestive hauv lub ntsws thiab hauv bronchitis. Daim ntawv qhia yooj yim tshaj plaws rau compress yog ua ib lub ncuav mog qab zib ntawm hmoov thiab zib mu nrog ntxiv ntawm pob kws roj. Xws li kev sib xyaw yog siv rau tus neeg mob lub hauv siab, npog nrog daim ntawv parchment lossis zaj duab xis, insulated nrog ib daim ntaub woolen thiab tsau nrog ntaub qhwv.
