Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob multicellular yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlwb txhawm rau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm tes no pib thaum ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm embryo. Tab sis hauv peb lub cev muaj cov hlwb uas muaj peev xwm tau txais ntau yam tshwj xeeb thoob plaws hauv tib neeg lub neej. Thiab qhov no siv tag nrho rau hematopoietic qia hlwb, uas tswj kom muaj nuj nqis tas li thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Hematopoietic stem cells (Hematopoietic Stem Cell, los ntawm Greek lo lus Haima - ntshav, Poiesis - tsim) yog cov qia hlwb muaj peev xwm tsis pub faib thiab sib txawv rau hauv cov ntshav.
Lawvyog tsim nyob rau hauv cov pob txha liab thiab sib txawv nyob rau hauv plaub cov lus qhia:
- Erythroid (hauv cov qe ntshav liab).
- Megakaryocytic (hauv platelets).
- Myeloid (multinuclear phagocytes, leukocytes).
- YLymphoid (hauv lymphocytes).
Hematopoietic qia cell transplantation (allogeneic - los ntawm tus neeg pub dawb, autologous - hloov ntawm nws tus kheej cov hlwb) rov ua kom cov kab mob hematopoietic, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qee yam kab mob, kws khomob.
Thawj qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm autogenous qia hlwb tau ua rov qab rau xyoo 1969 los ntawm E. Thomas (Seattle, USA). Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob tuaj yeem kov yeej ntshav qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau theem no, cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau ntawm nws pov tseg cov txheej txheem ntawm fetal tshuaj, thaum pub dawb ntawm hematopoietic qia hlwb yog muab los ntawm cord ntshav, embryonic cov ntaub so ntswg, pob txha pob txha, adipose ntaub so ntswg.
Ntawm ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm tes no
Hematopoietic qia hlwb (hemocytoblasts) muaj ob lub ntsiab lus:
- Lub peev xwm ntawm asymmetric faib, thaum lub sij hawm uas ob tug ntxhais hlwb raug tsim, zoo tib yam rau leej niam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlwb tsis dhau kev sib txawv. Lawv nyob twj ywm multipotent hematopoietic qia hlwb. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb saum toj no.
- Qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv hauv cov kab mob hematopoietic qia hlwb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov qia hlwb tau faib thiab cov ntxhais cell pib lawvtshwj xeeb, dhau los ua tshwj xeeb erythrocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, leukocytes.
Hematopoietic stem cells nyob rau hauv cov pob txha, zoo li txhua lub hlwb hauv peb lub cev, muaj hnub nyoog - luv luv "menyuam yaus", ya sai sai "cov hluas", thaum cov hlwb xaiv "tub rog" lossis "kev kawm", thiab Lub sij hawm ntev "maturity."
Kuv yuav mus rau cov qe ntshav liab - cia lawv qhia kuv
Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic hauv cov pob txha pob txha yog dormant - lawv tsis faib. Tab sis thaum lub hemocytoblast sawv, nws ua rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev xaiv - kom nce mus rau ib tug tshiab multipotent qia cell, los yog pib cov txheej txheem ntawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntxhais hlwb. Hauv thawj kis, lub xovtooj ntawm tes tuaj yeem ncua nws "kev ua menyuam yaus" mus tas li, hauv qhov thib ob, cov hlwb nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tom ntej ntawm lawv lub neej.
cov hlwb hematopoietic paub tab pib faib asymmetrically, uas ua rau lawv sib txawv thiab tshwj xeeb. Precursors ntawm hlwb yog tsim uas xaiv "kev kawm" - txoj kev myeloid ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, los yog "tub rog" - lub lymphoid txoj kev loj hlob.
Myeloid hemocytoblasts tsim rau hauv platelets, erythrocytes, macrophage leukocytes, granulocytes (ib hom leukocyte - eosinophils, neutrophils lossis basophils).
Lymphoid hemocytoblasts yuav ua rau cov hlwb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob - T-lymphocytes (paub cov antigens ntawm lwm tus), B-lymphocytes (tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob), T-tus pab (tshem tawm txawv teb chaws), NK-lymphocytes (muab phagocytosis ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws).
Realizing Potential
Hematopoietic qia hlwb, nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev sib txawv, poob lawv cov peev txheej thiab paub lawv lub peev xwm. Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm hemocytoblast txoj kev loj hlob:
- Ib puag ncig - thaj chaw sib txawv ntawm cov pob txha pob txha sib txawv ntawm ntau txoj kev.
- Cov yam ntxwv ua nyob deb. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj hormone erythropoietin, uas txhawb kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab, yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub raum. Tag nrho cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg no hu ua cytokines thiab kev loj hlob (parathyroid hormone, interleukin).
- Tseem ceeb ntawm lub siab lub ntsws uas xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntshav muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Hnub no, cov txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis tsis tau ua tiav tag nrho thiab tseem tos rau lawv cov Nobel laureates uas yuav kawm tswj txoj hmoo ntawm hemocytoblast.
pob txha pob txha hloov
Qhov no yog lo lus siv feem ntau xa mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm hematopoietic qia hlwb. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev siv dav hauv kev kho cov kab mob ntshav, oncological thiab genetic pathologies. Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ntawm kev kho mob tso cai siv tsis yog pub rau pob txha pob txha xwb. Niaj hnub no, tus pub ntawm hematopoietic qia hlwb yog peripheral ntshav, umbilical qaum, thiab cov khoom ntawm fetal (embryonic) tshuaj.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv hemocytoblast yog raws li hauv qab no. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, tus neeg mob tau mus rau ib tug txias theem (irradiation los yog chemotherapy), nyob rau hauv uas cov hauj lwm ntawm nws cov pob txha pob txha yog suppressed. Tus neeg mob ces muabKev ncua ntawm cov hlwb hematopoietic uas populate nws cov kabmob hematopoietic thiab rov ua haujlwm hematopoietic.
Tus kheej lossis lwm tus
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qia hlwb rau kev hloov pauv, faib:
- Autotransplantation. Nrog rau txoj kev kho no, tus neeg mob tau txais kev ncua ntawm nws tus kheej hemocytoblasts, uas tau noj ua ntej thiab khaws cia khov. Hom kev hloov no yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm lymphomas, neuroblastoma, mob hlwb thiab lwm yam mob malignancies.
- YAllotransplantation. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov neeg pub ntshav hematopoietic tau siv, uas tuaj yeem yog cov txheeb ze ze ntawm tus neeg mob lossis cov neeg xaiv los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha pub rau npe.
Nrog autotransplantation, tsis muaj cell rejection thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis txoj kev no tsis yog ib txwm zoo. Allotransplantation yog siv tau rau ntau yam hauv lub cev (Fanconi anemia, hnyav ua ke tiv thaiv kab mob) thiab kis tau (leukemia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome) pathologies ntawm cov ntshav thiab hematopoietic system, tab sis yuav tsum tau ceev faj xaiv tus neeg pub dawb rau histocompatibility.
Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov cov pob txha pob txha cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo loj rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li ua tau tsuas yog thaum qhov tseem ceeb.
Txoj kev niaj hnub ntawm kev hloov cov pob txha pob txha twb tau cawm ntau txhiab tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
StemCov qog ntshav qog ntshav tau siv thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1987, thiab niaj hnub no cov txheej txheem no tau cawm ntau dua 10,000 tus neeg mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv cov hlab ntsha loj tuaj, vim tias nws tuaj yeem noj tsis pub ntau tshaj 100 ml thiab tsuas yog ib zaug xwb. Thaum khov lawm, cov hlwb tseem siv tau rau 20 xyoo, thiab tuaj yeem khaws cov ntshav pub dawb hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj.
Lwm cov kev taw qhia hauv kev loj hlob ntawm qia cell transplantation yog fetal therapy, uas siv cov hlwb los ntawm embryos. Lawv qhov chaw yog cov khoom rho tawm. Tab sis qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus rau ib tsab xov xwm sib txawv kiag li.
