Kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem laparotomy nruab nrab

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem laparotomy nruab nrab
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem laparotomy nruab nrab

Video: Kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem laparotomy nruab nrab

Video: Kev piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem laparotomy nruab nrab
Video: Xav rov ntsib koj ib zaug dua. 8/8/2018 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Middle laparotomy yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm nyuaj uas yuav tsum muaj tus kws tshaj lij kom muaj kev paub tob ntawm lub cev, nrog rau kev txawj siv cov cuab yeej phais. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau npaj qee yam ntawm tus neeg mob.

txheej txheem yog dab tsi?

Nruab nrab laparotomy, daim duab uas qhia meej meej txog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, yog ib qho kev phais uas ua los ntawm kev txiav ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev phais feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev phais thiab qhov chaw uas yuav ua haujlwm.

nruab nrab laparotomy
nruab nrab laparotomy

Ntxiv rau, nrog kev pab ntawm qhov haujlwm no, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev kuaj mob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob uas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom lwm txoj hauv kev.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Middle laparotomy yuav tsum tau ua raws li qee lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam:

  • nrog kev raug mob tsawg;
  • tsis kov cov hlab ntsha loj;
  • bypassing the paj hlwb xaus.

Thaum kawg ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua, cov ntaub so ntswg yuav tsum tau sewn nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev uas seam tsis qhib, lub hauv nruab nrog cev tsis deformed. Lub lag luam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau yamKev raug mob thiab kab mob oncological.

Type of laparotomy

Hauv kev xyaum phais, ntau hom kev ua haujlwm tau siv, uas yog:

  • median laparotomy;
  • qis nruab nrab laparotomy;
  • qis laparotomy.
tom qab laparotomy nruab nrab
tom qab laparotomy nruab nrab

Nws feem ntau yog kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab uas siv. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev txiav yog ua raws li nruab nrab ntawm lub plab.

Laparotomy rau kev kuaj mob

Kev kuaj mob laparotomy yog siv tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau yog rau kev raug mob ntawm lub plab hnyuv, kab mob phais mob uas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb. Qhov tseeb, txoj kev kuaj mob no yog siv:

  • muaj kev raug mob rau lub plab, pancreas, ob lub raum;
  • peptic ulcer;
  • malignant qog;
  • necrosis;
  • sab hauv hernia;
  • peritonitis.

Txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej, thaum cov kws tshaj lij txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ua ntej, ntsuas qhov pheej hmoo uas twb muaj lawm thiab ntsuas kev tshem tawm lawv. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tsis pub tshaj 2 teev, thiab yog hais tias los ntshav hnyav tsis tshaj 20-30 feeb.

Indications rau kev phais

Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau midline laparotomy yog:

  • ruptured zes qe menyuam;
  • tubal infertility;
  • ectopic cev xeeb tub;
  • ovarian cyst;
  • purulent o ntawm cov hlab ntsha los yog zes qe menyuam;
  • mob plab peritoneum.
qis midline laparotomy
qis midline laparotomy

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua teeb meem.

Rules

Kev phais phais muaj ntau yam, nyob ntawm tus kab mob, uas yog qhov qhia txog kev phais, tus neeg mob lub cev, nrog rau ntau yam. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev:

  • longitudinal;
  • oblique;
  • transverse;
  • angular;
  • mixed.

Txawm hais tias hom kev phais, ntau txoj cai yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Qhov tseeb ntawm tus neeg mob ntawm lub rooj zaum yog qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, thaum ua qhov nruab nrab laparotomy, tus neeg mob yuav tsum pw ntawm nws nraub qaum. Rau kev phais sab hauv nruab nrab, lub bolster yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab sab nraub qaum kom me ntsis nce qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob raug mob rau cov paj hlwb.

median laparotomy yees duab
median laparotomy yees duab

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob ntawm qhov txiav, nrog rau los ntshav hnyav, cov npoo yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tsim ntawm adhesions, saline yuav tsum tau siv. Tom qab ua qhov kev phais plab, tus kws phais mob soj ntsuam cov qib ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological thiab nws qhov kev sib kis, los ntshav raug tshem tawm thiab kuaj cov qog ntshav.

Npaj rau txheej txheem

Kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm yuav luag tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Tus neeg mob noj ntshav rau kev tshuaj ntsuam:

  • general;
  • Ybiochemical;
  • rau qab zib.

Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab hom ntshav thiab Rh yam, kuaj ntshav thiab zis los txiav txim ntau yam kab mob. Nyob ntawm seb yog vim li cas rau kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib ua ultrasound ntawm lub cev muaj kab mob. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub anatomical nta ntawm chav kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological, txoj kev ntawm kev ua laparotomy yog xaiv.

Upper midline laparotomy
Upper midline laparotomy

Hnub ua ntej ua haujlwm, koj tsis tuaj yeem noj lossis haus dej ntau. Nyob ntawm hom ntshav thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob, tus resuscitator xaiv hom tshuaj loog. Yog tias tus kab mob tau dhau los ua mob hnyav thiab yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, ces qhov kev npaj yuav txo qis rau ob teev.

txheej txheem phais

Cov txheej txheem laparotomy nruab nrab yog hais txog qhov ntev. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau qis, sab sauv lossis nruab nrab. Qhov nruab nrab laparotomy qis qis tsis tau ua ntau zaus, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev muaj kab mob, thiab tseem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm:

  • fixed qog;
  • kho plab;
  • extended uterine intervention.

Kev phais yog ua rau hauv plab plab, ntsug hauv nruab nrab, thiab tso cai rau nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw mos thiab lwm yam kabmob uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam no. Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov kev txiav tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv, hla lub siab thiab lub plab. Lub laparotomy qis yog ua nrog tus cwj mem ua haujlwm scalpel los ntawm hauv qab mus. Qhov kev txiav yog ua nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiaj li tsis ua mob rau cov hnyuv thiab ntau lwm yam.cov kabmob sab hauv. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev txiav yog txiav txim siab raws li qhov kev cuam tshuam kev phais, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob loj los yog me me. Cov npoo ntawm qhov kev txiav yog txav sib nrug nrog cov clamps tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm yog ua. Thaum ua qhov qis nruab nrab laparotomy, qhov kev txiav tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ntsug, tab sis kuj transverse, piv txwv li, nrog rau ib qho caesarean seem. Hauv qhov no, kev phais yog ua nyob rau hauv lub plab mog, txiav nws hla, saum cov pob txha pubic. Thaum phais, cov hlab ntsha yog cauterized los ntawm coagulation. Lub transverse laparotomy muaj lub sijhawm luv luv dua li qhov ntev ntev, vim tias nws tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hnyuv thiab cov suture yuav tsis tshua pom.

Upper median laparotomy yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov kev txiav ntsug yog ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub plab, tsuas yog pib hauv qhov chaw intercostal thiab ncab, tab sis tsis ncav cuag lub plab. Hom kev ua haujlwm no muaj ntau qhov zoo, vim nws muab kev nkag mus sai tshaj plaws rau cov plab hnyuv siab raum nyob rau hauv nws sab sauv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias qhov ncua sij hawm me ntsis yuav ua rau tus neeg mob ua rau nws lub neej, nrog rau kev los ntshav sab hauv lossis kev puas tsuaj rau ob peb lub cev ib zaug. Yog tias tsim nyog, qhov kev txiav tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus.

midline laparotomy txheej txheem
midline laparotomy txheej txheem

Medium nruab nrab laparotomy muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum siv cov txheej txheem no, sab sauv thiab sab qis ntawm cov leeg nqaij tuaj yeem raug mob hnyav heev. Thaum caws pliav, cov nqaij fibers muaj kev nruj heev, uas ua rau muaj mob hernia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub yog ntev heevkho tau vim qhov tob tob ntawm cov suture thiab cov ntshav tsis zoo rau thaj chaw no.

Thawj zaug, daim tawv nqaij raug txiav nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous. Tom qab qhov kev txiav txim tiav lawm, lub qhov txhab yuav tsum tau qhuav thiab cov hlab ntsha los ntshav yuav tsum tau tuav nrog tshwj xeeb clamps. Siv cov ntaub so ntswg, tus kws phais tshem tawm cov qhov txhab phais ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kho mob txiav lub peritoneum nrog txiab tshwj xeeb. Cov npoo ntawm lub plab kab noj hniav yog sib cais, thiab cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev raug tshuaj xyuas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Tom qab kev ua haujlwm, ib qho kua dej yog nruab, uas yog tsau rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog ib tug txhob lo lo ntxhuav xov. Lub suture yog pib siv rau peritoneum, thiab tom qab ntawd daim tawv nqaij yog sutured. Tom qab laparotomy, lub plab yuav ua tib zoo kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.

Post-operative period

Tom qab qhov nruab nrab laparotomy, tus neeg mob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kws kho mob hauv tsev kho mob tsawg kawg ib lub lis piam. Txij li qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog plab thiab qhov nyuaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem, tshwj xeeb:

  • ntshav tawm sab hauv;
  • kab mob kis;
  • kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub cev hauv nruab nrog cev.

Nyob rau thawj hnub tom qab kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg mob yuav muaj kev mob hnyav, yog li kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj. Yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias, yuav muab tshuaj tua kab mob.

nruab nrab nruab nrab laparotomy
nruab nrab nruab nrab laparotomy

Stitches feem ntau raug tshem tawm rau hnub xya, tab sis nrog kev kho qeeb lossis yog tias muaj kev phais dua, lub sijhawm no yuav yogtxuas mus rau ob lub lis piam. Tom qab tso tawm hauv tsev kho mob, kev kho kom rov zoo yog ua raws li tus neeg mob sab nraud, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua. Kev ua si tom qab nruab nrab laparotomy yog contraindicated rau ob peb lub hlis. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis pom zoo kom tawm dag zog lub plab cov leeg thiab nqa qhov hnyav.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho kom rov zoo, nws tsim nyog ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv, tsis txhob noj ntau dhau, vim tias kev ua haujlwm yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnyuv. Tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab tag nrho lwm yam contraindications ib leeg rau txhua tus neeg mob, nyob ntawm seb tus kab mob pib.

Contraindications thiab teeb meem

Laparotomy, uas tau ua sai sai, tsis muaj contraindications kiag li. Cov kev phais xaiv yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm tom qab phais.

Laparotomy tuaj yeem nyuaj los ntawm ntau yam kab mob, xws li:

  • los ntshav hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm;
  • suppuration ntawm qhov txhab;
  • vascular puas;
  • kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev nyob ze;
  • Adhesion formation.

Raws li muaj qee yam contraindications rau kev phais, lwm txoj kev kho tuaj yeem pom.

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